The importance of reserve forces is increasing owing to changes in the security environment, such as the promotion of Defense Reform 2.0 and a sharp decrease in military service resources. Under these changes, we focus on combining EEG (ElectroEncephaloGraphy) with Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) for improving combat power and contributing to the future development of defense science and technology in 2050. In the study of EEG measurement technology, the alpha wave of calmness and beta wave representing the improvement of the concentration on individualized shooting skills, were measured with high accuracy in the theta wave-related research, and the value of their use was recognized. Using in the combat situations of personal firearms shooting, it can be applied in a small budget and a short period of time. Through our findings, when shooting the K-1 and K-2 rifles (the basic personal weapons in Korean military), it can contribute to improving the accuracy of existing individual’s shooting by increasing both concentration and calmness between breathing and firing control. Hence, our study show in the future warfare, the new direction of current defense science and technology and new concept of personal weapon usages in artificial intelligence based on hyper-intelligence, hyper-connectivity, and human-unmanned combat systems.

With technology advanced and the flourishing of wired or wireless networks in our daily life, privacy and trustability of transaction media have become highly cherished value. Individuals often make choices in which they surrender a certain degree of privacy in exchange for outcomes or convenience that are perceived to be worthy of the risk of information disclosure. This research attempts to facilitate understandings of the utility of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which is a strongly supported and well-established vehicle in information research and incorporates privacy, risk, and trust factor that are previously regarded as separate research areas from TAM. In addition, it also suggests individual dispositions as precursory factors and examines how they affect users’ risk and trust perception in using transactional e-government services. The proposed model was tested using data gathered from 309 respondents from an internet survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using Mplus was employed to validate measurement and structural model. Based on this outcome, the measurements were redefined as composite scores, and subsequent path analysis was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings provide the structural or causal model of the proposed model attainable, but it requires the development of reliable and valid measurement scales.

A 50 W dual-band high-efficiency gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) power amplifier with a three-stage L-type DC bias circuit capable of individually adjusting second-harmonic impedances is proposed for 1.8 and 2.6 GHz frequencies. The output network of this power amplifier is composed of an output matching network comprising five-stage transmission lines and a three-stage L-type DC bias circuit with three L-type circuits and one transmission line. The one-stage L-type circuit comprises a series transmission line and a quarter-wavelength open-ended shunt stub. For the high-efficiency performance of the power amplifier, the output matching network is matched to the optimum impedances of the fundamental frequencies, and the DC bias circuit optimizes the impedances individually at the second-harmonic frequencies without affecting the matched fundamental frequency impedances in the output matching network. Measured results show that the proposed dual-band GaN HEMT power amplifier achieved gains of 15.6 and 13.8 dB as well as maximum power-added efficiencies of 70.5% and 66.3% with 47 dBm output power at 1.8 and 2.6 GHz, respectively.

High efficiency unbalanced three‐stage Doherty power amplifiers (DPA) for input signals with various peak to average power ratios (PAPR) are presented. The amplifier uses three GaN devices of equal size. The output power back‐off (OPBO) at the efficiency peak of the amplifier can be extended and reduced according to the input signals with various PAPR. This is achieved by adjusting the impedances of the λ/4 impedance transformers at the individual amplifier output stages in the three‐stage DPA without the use of additional circuitries and by changing the impedance matching circuit at the input stages of the amplifiers. The current of the individual amplifiers in the three‐stage DPA is calculated according to the PAPR of the input signals. The impedances of the λ/4 impedance transformers are determined by the current ratio for the main, first peaking, and second peaking amplifiers and are implemented by microstrip lines. 55 W unbalanced three‐stage DPAs for extended and reduced OPBO are designed and fabricated to be operated at the frequency of 1810 MHz.

We examined the characteristics of indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) on polyimide (PI) substrates for next- generation flexible display application. In this study, the ITZO TFT was fabricated and analyzed with a SiOx/SiNx gate insulator deposited using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) below 350 degrees C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) results revealed that the oxygen vacancies and impurities such as H, OH and H2O increased at ITZO/gate insulator interface. Our study suggests that the hydrogen related impurities existing in the PI and gate insulator were diffused into the channel during the fabrication process. We demonstrate that these impurities and oxygen vacancies in the ITZO channel/gate insulator may cause degradation of the electrical characteristics and bias stability. Therefore, in order to realize high performance oxide TFTs for flexible displays, it is necessary to develop a buffer layer (e.g., Al2O3) that can sufficiently prevent the diffusion of impurities into the channel.

작업환경 안전을 위한 유해 가스 검출 장치의 소형화와 모바일화에 대한 요구에 따라서 스마트폰과 결합 가능한 다중 유해 가스 검출 장치를 제시하였다. 다중가스 센서는 한 개의 비분산 적외선 방식의 센서와 두 개의 전기화학식 센서로 구성되며 CO₂, CO, HC, O₂와 H2S의 5가지 가스를 검출한다. 스마트 폰 앱 프로그램을 활용하여 가스 농도 및 알람메시지를 화면에 디스플레이 하도록 하였다 . 상온 20°C에서 CO₂표준가스 1,500ppm에 대한 측정 결과 퍼센트 오차는 0.59%였으며, O₂표준가스 25% VOL의 경우 퍼센트 오차는 0.008%의 안정된 결과를 나타내었다.

The principal objective of this paper was to propose and verify a digital content valuing model, which is expected to perform a significant role in future research, and provide novel and practical implications. For the efficacy of a model for the evaluation of digital content value, this study reviewed digital content value and categorized it into intrinsic, interaction, and business value. Based on the research model, we attempted to identify and assess the effects of intrinsic digital content value on digital content interaction value, and to characterize the relationship between digital content interaction value and digital content business value. Consequently, this study finds strong interrelations among different types of values and these interactions lead a value addition to digital content usage. We hope that the proposed valuing model of digital contents will prove useful and provide further research insights, and will also increase our understanding of digital content valuing process.

In this work, an alternative type of high mobility semiconductor, zinc oxynitride (ZnON), is studied by both theoretical calculations and experimental evaluation of thin films and TFT devices. It is demonstrated that the addition of fluorine, in ZnON, removes the formation of nitrogen vacancies, and significantly improves electrical characteristics of the ZnON TFT.

In this paper, we propose that adaptation time be considered a parameter for evaluating the performance of digital filter algorithms in adaptive digital predistorted high-power amplifiers. An adaptive predistorted high-power amplifier with an average power of 37.5 dBm was designed and fabricated for mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) test signals. For performance comparisons using adaptation time, several effective algorithms (such as the least-mean-squares (LMS), recursive-least-squares (RLS), and affine projection (AP) algorithms) were implemented. According to the experimental results, the RLS and AP algorithms achieved a similar linearity improvement of 11 dBr. However, the AP algorithm had the advantage of a faster adaptation time than the other algorithms.

ABSTRACTA high efficiency dual band 50W GaN HEMT power amplifier is presented at 1.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz. An impedance matching network of the dual band amplifier at the fundamental and second harmonic frequencies is constructed to obtain wide bandwidth characteristics with reduction of sensitivity to impedance variation with frequency fluctuations. The matching network is composed of a three‐stage transmission line and an open‐ended stub with low Q‐factors. A T‐type DC bias line is performed to control impedances at second harmonic frequencies. From the measured results, the proposed dual band GaN HEMT amplifier achieved a minimum of 55% efficiency at 1.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz with a 300 MHz bandwidth for a maximum output power of 47 dBm. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2496–2500, 2016

This study examines affecting factors on a successful implementation of the ubiquitous supply chain management system (USCMS) perceived by industry managers from UK companies. Upon the thorough review of existing literature on both ubiquitous computing and supply management systems, the current study classified two construct groups for those success factors and employed principle component factor analysis technique and identifies thirteen unique and crucial factors relating to perceived benefits of the USCMS. A managerial success factor construct includes seven relevant factors and a technical factor construct has six success factors. This finding expects to lead a systematic causal model to realize the benefits of USCM implementation based upon these factors suggested

In this paper, we designed and implemented a mobile video transmission device with 1080i resolution and 30fps frame rate using wireless multi-access technologies. The video acquisition delay time of 16us and jitter of 21ms for this equipment were obtained, respectively. The device is designed to access various communication networks. In order to evaluate the performance of its video transmission capability, a server and monitoring viewer are implemented. In the performance test using LTE network, 211ms delay time was obtained at 3Mbps transmission. Rendering of 1fps frame rate at the 265kbps transmission was confirmed for the transmission test using Inmarsat network.

ABSTRACTA 16 W two‐stage unbalanced Doherty amplifier with high efficiency is proposed for the long‐term evolution test signal. The proposed amplifier by using the gate bias control of the drive and final peaking amplifier demonstrated a 43% power added efficiency with an adjacent channel leakage ratio of −37 dBc at 7.3 dB output power back‐off. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2176–2179, 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this conceptual paper is to provide a typology for classification of the digital goods business (DGB), analyzing its characteristics with selected cases, to suggest an evolution strategy appropriate for today's digital business economy, and to address the research implications.Design/methodology/approach - Based on a focus group interview, the study identified and classified the DGB models into four types in terms of sales channels and service methods, and further proposed five evolution strategies for the DGM.Findings - The paper proposes five evolution strategies for the DGB: from streaming direct to streaming intermediary; from download direct to download intermediary; from download intermediary to streaming intermediary; from download direct to streaming direct; and from download direct to streaming intermediary. These evaluation strategies will be suitably applicable to the type of digital goods for which a business strives.Research limitations/implications - As the study is exploratory in nature, further research will be required to empirically confirm the findings of the underlying study regarding various DGBs, such as software, games, and movies. In addition, as the proposed typology reflects only the current state of the DGB industry, a further elaboration of the typology may also prove necessary in the future as technologies and the DGB industry evolve.Originality/value - Providing a useful theoretical foundation for future DGB studies and valuable insight into practical applications in the ever-growing DGB field, the paper delivers transitional strategic insights based on digital goods taxonomy. This strategic implication can be applicable to analyzing and explaining current DGB cases.

With technology advanced and flourishing of wired or wireless networks in our daily life, privacy and trustability of transaction media are highly cherished value. Individuals often make choices in which they surrender a certain degree of privacy in exchange for outcomes that are perceived to be worth of the risk of information disclosure. This research attempts to facilitate understandings of utility of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which is a strongly supported and wellestablished vehicle in information research when it incorporate privacy, risk, and trust factor that are previously regarded as separate research area from TAM. The proposed model was tested using data gathered from 309 respondents from internet survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using Mplus was employed to validate measurement and structural model. Based on this outcome, the measurements were redefined as composite scores and subsequent path analysis was conducted to test proposed hypotheses. The findings provide the structural or causal model of proposed model attainable but it requires development of reliable and valid measurement scales.

In this paper, we fabricate a WiFi based video transmitting equipment and establish a video transmitting system for realtime transmitting of accident scene on expressways. The transmitting equipment is based on the H.264 video codec and embed WiFi module. The transmitting equipment can transmit video and also meta data such as location positioning through the Wibro network using a Wibro terminal. From test results, it is clear that high density videos were transmitted while the vehicle carried by the video equipment was traveling with velocity of 80 km/h.

A 46‐W unbalanced Doherty amplifier is proposed to obtain high efficiency at the output power back‐off beyond 6 dB using the same type of transistors in both the main and the peaking amplifier.An added power efficiency of 38% and an adjacent channel power ratio of −35.6 dBc were measured for a CDMA2000 1FA signal. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1612–1614, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26865