To study the interactions of dietary saturated fatty acids with the metabolism of essential fatty acids, triglycerides of saturated fatty acids of chain lengths C4 to C16 were fed in a semipurified diet to groups of weanling rats at 20% of calories for 80 days. All groups were given a daily oral supplement of ethyl linoleate at a level of 0.5% of total calories. The fatty acid composition of liver lipids was determined by gas chromatography. The conversion of linoleic to arachidonic acid was not hindered by the dietary triglycerides of saturated fatty acids. Levels of 20:4ω6 were, in fact, higher in rats fed the triglycerides of saturated fatty acids than in rats fed linoleic acid only. The content of 20:3ω9 was slightly lowered by triglycerides of even-numbered saturated fatty acids of chain lengths up through C14, whereas it is significantly diminished by dietary triglycerides of fatty acids with chain lengths C5 and C11. Weight gain data revealed that triglycerides of dietary saturated fatty acids enhanced growth if minimal levels of linoleic acid were provided. Odd-numbered fatty acids affected growth adversely.

Short-term feeding experiments were examined as a method for studying the metabolism of fatty acids. Rats which had been maintained with fat-free diets for 60 days were administered supplements of individual polyunsaturated fatty acids at levels ranging from 50 to 1000 mg/day. Characteristic changes in the fatty acid composition of the liver lipids, which were investigated previously after feeding 40 mg of polyunsaturated fatty acids daily for 60 days to weanling rats, were observed when as little as 50 mg of the same acids were fed for 5 days to adult EFA-deficient rats. An optimal dietary amount of either linoleic acid or linolenic acid, judged by maximal response in the metabolites of these in the liver, was 200 to 400 mg/day/animal. High dietary levels of either linoleic acid or linolenic acid resulted in an apparent decrease in the levels of the metabolites of these in the liver lipids. Norlinoleic acid (17:2ω6) was converted to 19:2ω6 in the tissues but was not dehydrogenated. Dietary linolenic acid was shown to exert an inhibitory effect upon the conversion of arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) to 22:5ω6.

Supplements of purified fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters were fed at levels of 0.8% of dietary calories to each of seven groups of weanling rats for a period of 60 days. The esters were 9,12-octadecadienoate (18:2) ; 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate (18:3); 10,13-nonadecadienoate (19:2); 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate (20:4); 5,8,11,14,17 - eicosapentaenoate (20:5); 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoate (22:6); and 12:13-epoxyoctadeca-9-enoate (epoxyoleate). Rats fed a fat-free diet served as control animals. The effects of these dietary supplements on the fatty acid compositions of the nonphospholipids and phospholipids from liver microsomal and mitochondrial particles, and of unfractionated lipids from liver, testes, epididymal, and heart tissues were determined by gas–liquid chromatography.Epoxyoleate and 19:2, which are structurally related to linoleic acid, did not function as essential fatty acids as judged by the chemical and biological symptoms of fat deficiency. Dietary 20:5 and 22:6, both related to linolenate, were less active than linoleate in preventing the biological symptoms of fat deficiency, but more active in depressing the content of eicosatrienoate. Docosapentaenoic acid of the linoleate family was identified by reductive ozonolysis and shown to increase with an increase in dietary 18:2 or 20:4.

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' SocietyVolume 40, Issue 9 p. 9-45 News Abstracts of papers Minneapolis Fall Meeting C. C. Litchfield, C. C. LitchfieldSearch for more papers by this authorHenry Rakoff, Henry RakoffSearch for more papers by this authorRenȳ Maire, Renȳ MaireSearch for more papers by this authorR. T. Holman, R. T. HolmanSearch for more papers by this authorM. R. Subbaram, M. R. SubbaramSearch for more papers by this authorC. G. Youngs, C. G. YoungsSearch for more papers by this authorM. J. McCarthy, M. J. McCarthySearch for more papers by this authorA. Kuksis, A. KuksisSearch for more papers by this authorJ. R. Trowbridge, J. R. TrowbridgeSearch for more papers by this authorA. B. Herrick, A. B. HerrickSearch for more papers by this authorR. A. Bauman, R. A. BaumanSearch for more papers by this authorB. M. Craig, B. M. CraigSearch for more papers by this authorM. K. Bhatty, M. K. BhattySearch for more papers by this authorN. Sen, N. 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CuberoSearch for more papers by this authorW. O. Lundberg, W. O. LundbergSearch for more papers by this authorD. Sand, D. SandSearch for more papers by this authorG. L. Feldman, G. L. FeldmanSearch for more papers by this author C. C. Litchfield, C. C. LitchfieldSearch for more papers by this authorHenry Rakoff, Henry RakoffSearch for more papers by this authorRenȳ Maire, Renȳ MaireSearch for more papers by this authorR. T. Holman, R. T. HolmanSearch for more papers by this authorM. R. Subbaram, M. R. SubbaramSearch for more papers by this authorC. G. Youngs, C. G. YoungsSearch for more papers by this authorM. J. McCarthy, M. J. McCarthySearch for more papers by this authorA. Kuksis, A. KuksisSearch for more papers by this authorJ. R. Trowbridge, J. R. TrowbridgeSearch for more papers by this authorA. B. Herrick, A. B. HerrickSearch for more papers by this authorR. A. Bauman, R. A. BaumanSearch for more papers by this authorB. M. Craig, B. M. 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CuberoSearch for more papers by this authorW. O. Lundberg, W. O. LundbergSearch for more papers by this authorD. Sand, D. SandSearch for more papers by this authorG. L. Feldman, G. L. FeldmanSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 1963 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02632851Citations: 3AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume40, Issue9September 1963Pages 9-45 RelatedInformation