The seasonal Xiangka debris flow, breaking out frequently in Xinghai County, Qinghai Province, poses a serious threat to resident safety, has significant potential economic impacts, and inflicts severe damage on the geological environment, vegetation, and land resources in the area. Therefore, a susceptibility assessment is crucial. Utilizing data from field investigations, meteorology, and remote sensing, this study devised an assessment system using 10 evaluation factors with pronounced regional characteristics as susceptibility indices. Based on data processing using ArcGIS 10.7 and MATLAB R2016B, this study assessed the susceptibility of the Xiangka debris flow using AHP, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and a cloud model. The analysis results show that, based on AHP, the primary index affecting the occurrence of Xiangka debris flow is mainly source factor (0.447). The secondary indices are mainly the length ratio of the mud sand supply section (0.219), fractional vegetation cover (FVC, 0.208), and watershed area (0.192). Combined with the actual characteristics, it can be seen that the formation conditions of the Xiangka debris flow primarily encompass the following: sources such as slope erosion and accumulation at gully exits, challenging topography and terrain conducive to the accumulation of water and solid materials, and water source aspects like surface runoff from intense rainfall. Based on the fuzzy mathematical method—fuzzy coordinate method—cloud model, it is concluded that the degree of susceptibility is mild-to-moderate. The combination of these methods provides a new idea for the evaluation of debris flow susceptibility. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the layout of treatment engineering and geological disaster prevention in this area and promote the sustainable development of the ecological environment.

为了定量分析矿山地质环境的影响因素,针对突出矿山地质灾害问题,提出合理性的治理建议和保护措施.以青海省乐都区茶马沟石英岩矿为例,通过实地地质调查,结合开采、遥感及其他数据,采用层次分析法搭建层级结构模型,使用 MATLAB计算每个指标权重值,通过模糊综合评价法对评价样本进行计算及综合评价,最终借助 ArcGIS对矿区进行网格化处理分区.结果显示,茶马沟矿区地质灾害主要为存在不稳定斜坡、含水层破坏、地形地貌景观破坏、土地资源破坏、水土环境污染,其中不稳定斜坡发育程度大,危害程度高、危险性大,土地资源的破坏和影响程度较大.矿区综合权重的模糊综合评价结果等级为Ⅱ级(较严重),矿山地质环境严重区(Ⅰ)面积约 6.4 hm2,较严重区(Ⅱ)面积约 14.56 hm2,较轻区(Ⅲ)面积约 18.24 hm2.根据评价及分区模型,对茶马沟矿山地质环境问题提出合理建议,进行了有效的土地恢复治理与生态修复工程,力争实现矿山区域范围内经济、社会、生态和谐可持续发展.

矿山在进行生产作业时难免会产生各种各样的环境地质问题,对周围的环境造成严重的影响,尤其是露天开采的作业方式,对环境的破坏性更为明显.以都兰察汗乌苏建筑用石料矿矿山为研究对象,对矿山目前存在的环境地质问题进行分析,并开展相应的治理措施探讨.研究结果表明,矿山当前存在的主要环境地质问题为发育有若干不稳定采矿边坡,存在含水层、土地资源、地形地貌景观破坏等.因此,针对上述存在的环境地质问题提出了7种治理措施,分别为危岩体及碎石清理、边坡的削坡反压、排水沟建设、场地回填平整、网围栏与警示牌工程、覆土工程和植被重建工程.该讨论内容可能对类似矿山环境地质问题治理具有一定的理论与实际意义.

随着我国经济的快速发展,城镇化的不断推进,人们的日常生活和建筑活动等都离不开矿产资源,对于地质矿产的需求量也越来越大,传统的开采表面矿为主的土地已无法提供足够的矿产资源,加上矿产资源作为不可再生资源,所以必须找到合适的勘察方法探索地质区域,对深部矿产进行开采矿产资源.因此,本文针对地质矿产勘查深部找矿的主要方法进行了探讨,分析当前主要存在的问题与不足,对地质矿产勘查深部找矿内容进行了介绍,对有关勘察的方法进行了举例说明,仅供相关人士参考.

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