In the realm of marine science and engineering, hydrofoils play a pivotal role in the efficiency and performance of marine turbines and water-jet pumps. In this investigation, the boundary layer characteristics of an NACA0009 hydrofoil with a blunt trailing edge are focused on. The effectiveness of both the two-equation gamma theta (γ-Reθt) transition model and the one-equation intermittency (γ) transition model in forecasting boundary layer behavior is evaluated. When considering natural transition, these two models outperform the shear stress transport two-equation (SST k-ω) turbulence model, notably enhancing the accuracy of predicting boundary layer flow distribution for chord-length Reynolds numbers (ReL) below 1.6 × 106. However, as ReL increases, both transition models deviate from experimental values, particularly when ReL is greater than 2 × 106. The results indicate that the laminar separation bubble (LSB) is sensitive to changes in angles of attack (AOA) and ReL, with its formation observed at AOA greater than 2°. The dimensions of the LSB, including the initiation and reattachment points, are found to contract as ReL increases while maintaining a constant AOA. Conversely, an increase in AOA at similar ReL values leads to a reduced size of the LSB. The findings are essential for the design and performance optimization of water-jet pumps, particularly in predicting and flow separation and transition phenomena.

Reactor holes can become stuck due to high temperature, high pressure, prolonged bonding, and load changes due to pressure changes in the reactor. To seal pressure in the reactor vessel, the threaded surfaces of the bolt holes shall be cleaned to remove any foreign matter that may be present in the bolt holes. The worker may manually enter the stud hole for the stud hole cleaning, but the worker’s radiation exposure is increased. Robots are an effective way to work in dangerous areas. Therefore, we introduced robots to clean the stud holes. The positioning of mobile robot is generally based on the mileage, but with the increase of the mileage, the position error will accumulate continuously. In order to eliminate the accumulated error and ensure the stability of the drive, a laser sensor and a new control algorithm are adopted. The distance between the robot and the wall is measured by the laser sensor, and the control algorithm is implemented. The value measured by the sensor moves along the desired trajectory. The actuation performance and hole sensing performance of the robot are verified by field application.

In this paper, we report that gold nanorods with different aspect ratios are controllably synthesised by a facile modified seed-mediated growth procedure. The growth rate of gold nanorods is lowered by adding H2SO4, and the yield of gold nanorods is improved. Increasing the concentration of AgNO3 yields gold nanorods with different aspect ratios that differed from 1.83 to 5.04. To prevent aggregation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped gold nanorods and investigate the sensitivity to the solution refractive index, surface modification is carried out. After assembling poly (sodium-p-styrensulfonate) onto the surface of gold nanorods, the samples can disperse well in water and dimethyl sulfoxide. The localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength of the as-prepared gold nanorods redshifts with increasing the refractive index of the solvent and a good linear relationship between LSPR peaks and refractive index is achieved.

The development of high performance uncooled infrared (IR) detection and imaging systems will greatly expand the application of IR technology in broad areas such as transportation, environmental monitoring, and medical care. Inspired by the superior IR detection capability of beetle Melanophila acuminata, we explored the potential use of hydrogel nanoparticles (NPs) in uncooled IR detection system. In the system, the absorption of the incoming IR radiation by the temperature-sensitive hydrogel NPs, together with water, induces the volume change of the hydrogel NPs, similar to the volume change of the biofluid inside the sensillae receptors in M. acuminata caused by the IR radiation. This volume change results in the change of optical readout (transmittance in this study) in visible range and provides the sensitive detection of the IR radiation. In this work, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (poly(NIPAM-co-AAc)) copolymer NPs with different sizes were synthesized and their IR sensing performances were studied in detail. The correlation between the NP size and concentration and the IR sensing property was also discussed in the paper. This work helps enhance the understanding of the response of hydrogel NPs under IR radiation, and offers a potential material system for uncooled IR detection that is inspired by M. acuminata. The direct use of transmittance of the NP solution as the readout for IR detection also provides a simple and sensitive IR detection approach for low cost and portable industrial applications.

Superhydrophobic surfaces show good performance in self-cleaning and antifouling due to their micro and nano structures.Inspired by the similar structures in nature,such as lotus leaves,water striders,and butterfly wings,the focus of research in superhydrophobic materials is not only to mimic biological structures,but also to generate materials with flexibility in both structural design and material composition.The goal is to develop superhydrophobic materials that are robust and tolerant to high temperature or harsh environment.Such materials have broad applications in national defense,industrial process,agriculture,and health care.This paper will introduce the principle of superhydrophobic material and the synthesis of such materials.Recent research and future application of such materials will also be discussed in the paper.

Highly monodisperse and water-soluble Ribonuclease-A (RNase A) copped-Ag2S quantum dots (QDs) clusters were synthesized in aqueous phase via biomimetic route. The final products were characterized by UV–vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Our results revealed that RNase A-Ag2S QDs clusters owned a good photoluminescence property. In addition, RNase A-Ag2S QDs exhibited a good biocompatibility by tetrazolium based colorimetric assay (MTT test). In this work, RNase A not only serves as a stabilizer agent in the formation of Ag2S QDs to avoid aggregation, but also is a biomolecule to modify the surface of Ag2S QDs to decrease toxicity. These prepared RNase A-Ag2S QDs clusters have great potential applications in molecular imaging in living cells and tissues.

Ultra-small gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have unique size-dependent optical, electrical and chemical properties. They have emerged as a new nanomaterial with broad applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, biosensing, and bioimaging. Several strategies have been exploited to prepare AuNCs of different "magic number" sizes, using different templates e.g. dendrimers, polyethyleneimines, peptides, and more recently, proteins. Notwithstanding, almost all bio-template-protected AuNCs reported so far exhibit fairly low fluorescence quantum yields (QYs), typically <5%, which is especially true for AuNCs prepared using the protein templates. In this paper, we report a facile, one-pot aqueous synthesis of highly fluorescent AuNCs using bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase-A) as the bio-template. The as-prepared AuNCs not only fluoresce strongly at the near-infrared (NIR) region (λ(em) = 682 nm), but also exhibit an elevated QY of ∼12%. Additionally, the RNase-A-encapsulated AuNC (RNase-A-AuNC) displays an exceptionally large Stokes shift of ∼210 nm as well as a single dominant fluorescence lifetime of ∼1.5 μs, about three orders of magnitude longer than biological autofluorescence. Furthermore, by coupling vitamin B(12) (VB(12)) to the RNase-A-AuNC, we develop a multifunctional nanoplatform that is suitable for simultaneous targeting and imaging of cancer at the cellular level using Caco-2 cell lines as an in vitro model. Since VB(12) has effective uptake pathways in the digestive system, this nanoplatform may have potential for targeted oral drug delivery in vivo.

BACKGROUND:Chronic inflammation plays a causal role in gastric tumor initiation. The identification of predictive biomarkers from gastric inflammation to tumorigenesis will help us to distinguish gastric cancer from atrophic gastritis and establish the diagnosis of early-stage gastric cancer. Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCε1) is reported to play a vital role in inflammation and tumorigenesis. This study was aimed to investigate the clinical significance of PLCε1 in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Firstly, the mRNA and protein expression of PLCε1 were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting in normal gastric mucous epithelial cell line GES-1 and gastric cancer cell lines AGS, SGC7901, and MGC803. The results showed both mRNA and protein levels of PLCε1 were up-regulated in gastric cancer cells compared with normal gastric mucous epithelial cells. Secondly, this result was confirmed by immunohistochemical detection in a tissue microarray including 74 paired gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues. Thirdly, an independence immunohistochemical analysis of 799 chronic atrophic gastritis tissue specimens demonstrated that PLCε1 expression in atrophic gastritis tissues were down-regulated since PLCε1 expression was negative in 524 (65.6%) atrophic gastritis. In addition, matched clinical tissues from atrophic severe gastritis and gastric cancer patients were used to further confirm the previous results by analyzing mRNA and protein levels expression of PLCε1 in clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCES:Our results suggested that PLCε1 protein may be a potential biomarker to distinguish gastric cancer from inflammation lesion, and could have great potential in applications such as diagnosis and pre-warning of early-stage gastric cancer.

Prediction of protein 3D structure from solely its amino acid sequence is one of the most challenging problems in structural bioinformatics, where the 3D structure reconstruction from observed constraints is the key step. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol called Glocal to recover a protein's 3D coordinates based on a given 2D contact map by combining both global and local optimization schemes achieved by the swarm intelligence of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the Simulated Annealing (SA) techniques respectively. Our results demonstrate that Glocal can recover the 3D structures with the average RMSD less than 2 angstrom from the native contact map. Further analysis also shows that Glocal is powerful for handling with noisy contact map with the proposed combination optimization approaches.

This work presents a highly efficient, broad spectrum and self-delivery anticancer agent, which is the hyperbranched polydiselenide (HPSe) consisting of alternative hydrophobic diselenide groups and hydrophilic phosphate segments in the backbone framework. The data of systematic evaluations demonstrate that HPSe is very potent to inhibit the proliferation of many forms of cancer cell. The dose of HPSe required for growth inhibition of 50% (IC50) in all of the tested cancer cell lines is within the concentration range between 1 and 2.5 mu g mL(-1) with the incubation time of 72 h. Furthermore, the amphiphilic HPSe can self-assembly into nanomicelles with an average diameter of 50 nm and spontaneously enter into tumor cells by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Besides, other hydrophobic anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) can be encapsulated into HPSe micelles for combining therapy. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The development of RNAi technology in gene therapy has driven research toward searching safer and controlled released in vivo gene vector to replace previous viral vectors. Polymer magnetic nanoparticles, as one of substitutes, have shown huge potential application in delivery of siRNA in gene therapy. In this work, PLGA modified Fe3O4 nanoclusters loaded with siRNA were synthesized via one-pot method. The obtained siRNA nanoclusters were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. Then, their abilities of protecting and releasing siRNA were determined by gel electrophoresis and Quant-iT™ Picogreen™ assay in vitro. Those results show that a novel siRNA delivery vehicle of PLGA-modified magnetic nanoclusters was successfully synthesized and exhibited excellent abilities of protecting and releasing siRNA in vitro.

Considering the large meshing model and time-consuming computation in large complicated multi-hole part injection molding simulation,in order to solve the problems,according to the principle of equivalent volume,a simplified method was used to substitute multi-hole featural section with a simple cross section of shape factor and equivalent thickness and to derivate the formula of shape factor and equivalent thickness.The formula was used to simulate a car rear door panel,which not only decreases the calculation time,but also accurately predicts the location of the weld lines and air traps.The method is useful for the complicated parts with similar features.

Herein, a novel structural transformation of Ag(2)S nanoparticles from hollow particles to solid spheres is reported. The features of these structures are identified through a set of characterizations based on which the formation mechanism is also investigated.

Diet factors may be potential causes for atrophic gastritis.This study is to establish rat atrophic gastritis models under various hot and salt water conditions and to explore the associated molecular mechanisms.96 SD rats were divided randomly into 4 experimental groups and used to establish atrophic gastritis models.2 rats from each group were sacrificed every other week to collect gastric sinus tissues for pathological analysis.When atrophic lesion was identified in a given group, all remaining rats in that group were sacrificed and gastric sinus tissues were collected.The cDNA probes from sinus atrophic lesion or control sinus mucous were labeled with Cy5 or Cy3, respectively.These probes were mixed and hybridized with cDNA microarrays.Hot salt water group was pathologically confirmed to exhibit atrophic lesion in 10 weeks.Salt water group and hot water group were confirmed to exhibit atrophic lesion in 24 weeks.The atrophic lesions located mainly in gastric sinus.288 differentially expressed genes were identified between hot salt water group and normal control group.162 differentially expressed genes were identified between hot water group and normal control group.81 differentially expressed genes were identified between hot salt water group and salt water group.In conclusion, rat atrophic gastritis models induced by various hot and salt water conditions have been established.The corresponding gene expression profiles have been firstly established.This study shows that dietary factors such as temperature and salt concentration may play an important role in the development of atrophic gastritis.

Laminated steel sheet is increasingly used for automotive, home appliances.etc to improve product's vibration-damping and reduce noise without adding additional weight, for this reason, the research for its formability is becoming highly valued. So, we compare the springback of laminated steel sheet(0.83mm), solid sheet (0.83mm), skin sheet(0.4mm) through 90°V-bending model. Results show that, the improved interface cohesive zone model can predict V-bending of laminated steel sheet by comparing to test result; among laminated steel sheet, solid sheet and skin sheet, skin sheet has the maximum springback angle, solid sheet comes second, laminated steel sheet has minimum springback angle but close to the value of solid sheet.

Simulation and control of springback is a key to improving the quality of sheet metal forming. Using eight different variable blank holder force (VBHF) loading curves and local VBHF, the warpage springback in the stamping part of LCD TV black-light induced by the non-uniform local deformation is simulated with simulation software LS-Dyna. The results show: that the incremental model, peak shape model and increasing the blank holder force in the final stage of forming can decrease the springback. The springback can be reduced by optimizing the key parameters in the curves. Dividing the blank holder and increasing the holder force at the feature area can reduce springback effectively.

Magnetic nanoclusters (MNCs) were synthesized in a one-pot process, carboxylic MNCs and dual-functional protein were prepared and used to capture hepatitis B virus surface antibodies (anti-HBs) in simulated diseased oral mucosal transudate (OMT) samples. The specific substrate of dual-functional protein, dual-labeled double-chained DNA molecules, based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), was used to amplify the detection signal and the detection limit of 0.1 ng mL(-1) of anti-HBs monoclonal antibodies was achieved. Combination MNCs with dual-functional protein enables the noninvasive detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antibodies in OMT samples, showing promise as a diagnostic tool for the OMT diagnosis of infectious diseases with sensitive, specific and facile capabilities.

This paper investigates the nozzle design and assistant-gas analysis. By some experiments, we present important date and some conclusions about the significant parameters of the laser.

Through the use of a charge coupled device's function of fast image acquisition on a self designed and built test rig obtained were the images of flow conditions in a fluidized bed under different airflow rates, followed by an effective processing of these initial images by using an image processing method. Furthermore, a series of phenomena were studied, including the turn down flow adhered on a wall, gas local diffusion coefficient, the profile of local voidage along the longitudinal and transverse axis, and the ascending velocity of bubbles. Also given is the fractal dimension of the boundary curve of bubbles during tests. As a result of the above, realized was the visualization of gas solid dual phase hydrodynamic characteristics in a circulating fluidized bed, thus fulfilling a fruitful attempt to use image processing techniques on a circulating fluidized bed.

提出了一项能提高企业产品竞争能力的产品设计策略，即按照关系型产品模型，对企业已有的产品信息资源进行科学重组，以支持用变型设计快速响应市场需求和／或用户订单的新思路．阐明企业面临的全球市场激烈竞争的态势及应采取的对策，并论述通过企业产品信息资源重组以建立变型产品设计支持环境的意义及其原则．针对关系型产品模型，介绍了它的原理组成、对象类信息构成、对象分类框架和基于关系的族类属模型等内容．例举了一个减速机的产品变型设计