太阳能和生物质能符合"双碳"目标下现代农村清洁、高效能源系统的建设需要.针对农村沼气生产利用模式多样、多能耦合系统规划模型复杂导致求解困难的问题,提出一种考虑太阳能-沼气组合模式优选的养殖场多能耦合系统优化规划方法.采用多指标综合价值评价获得太阳能-沼气组合模式备选方案;在此基础上建立养殖场多能耦合系统三层优化规划模型,上层以系统年规划费用最小为目标确定太阳能-沼气组合最优方案,中层以充分消纳可再生能源、投资成本最低为目标实现能源设备配置,下层以运行经济性最优为目标实现多场景下优化调度.采用商业优化软件Cplex利用分支定界法求解模型.算例结果表明,所提方法能有效提高养殖场生物质和太阳能的利用效率、显著降低模型求解难度.

The wind turbine, photovoltaic, and cooling, heating and power load forecasts have strong random uncertainties, which increase the difficulty of dispatching and operating island microgrids. This paper studies the environmentally and economic dispatch problem of the islanded microgrid with combined cooling, heating and power. The interruptible load is incorporated into the islanded microgrid as a virtual power generation resource to participate in the system operation, while considering the economy and environmental of scheduling. Fuzzy chance constrained programming is used to deal with the uncertainties, and then the model is transformed into deterministic equivalence. A multi-objective processing method based on satisfaction indicators is used to take into account the economic goals and environmental goals. Numerical example verifies the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected system is a complicated project which is composed of large numbers of PV cells with different series and parallel connection and relating power electronic converters. To simplify it, the equivalent model of PV unit is essential to build. Thus, the paper proposes an equivalent aggregation model of PV array based on piecewise function. By building the typical industrial mathematic model of PV cell and analyzing the working mode of PV cells with series connection, a unified expression of output voltage and current of PV array based on piecewise function is determined. The proposed model is suitable for PV array either in normal or partial shading conditions and brings certain simplicity in calculation. The simulation in Plecs platform verifies the correctness and effectiveness.

综合能源系统的区域用能可靠性评估是保障其安全可靠运行的重要基础.文章提出了一种基于马尔可夫模型多组件的综合能源可靠性评估方法.针对综合能源系统出现大量组件问题,建立基于马尔可夫模型综合能源供能子系统随机状态模型,对RBTS-Bus2系统模型进行可靠性评估,计算其可靠性指标.根据该评估方法,可以确定光伏、风力、储能、冷热电联供和市电、用户的负载等在综合能源系统中需求比重.案例分析结果表明,综合能源供应体系能有效提升系统的可靠性,但也存在边界效应问题,有待进一步研究解决.

针对配电网的可靠性分析问题,文中分析了配电网典型接线模式的结构及各自的优缺点.在进一步分析配电网可靠性计算原理的基础上,提出了基于供电网络计算分析与辅助决策软件(CESS)的配电网可靠性分析方法,并研究不同线路电气特征参数对不同接线模式可靠性的影响.通过算例分析结果表明,配电网的可靠性随着线路长度、负载率的增加而降低,随着线路分段数、自动化水平的提高而升高,负荷分布越集中于前端,配电网可靠性越高.不同接线模式可靠性对电气特征参数的敏感程度不同,单环网、双环网与N供1备接线模式具有较高的可靠性.

含光伏的传统概率潮流计算常使用Beta、Weibull等分布模型,但这些模型难以精确体现不同场景下输出功率特性的变化.针对此问题,文中提出一种光伏输出功率多场景生成方法.该方法将多个光伏电站输出功率的相关性以及相关性跟随外界条件的变化纳入考量范围,可实现多个光伏电站输出功率的精确建模.首先,对光伏电站历史输出功率数据进行基于密度中心的聚类处理,产生的多个聚类中心作为输出功率场景;其次,对不同场景进行核密度估计,建立Copula函数以描述多个输出功率的概率分布;然后,对生成的多场景概率分布模型进行拉丁超立方采样,利用生成的样本进行概率潮流计算,评估含光伏的配电网运行状态;最后,分析算法的稳定性,讨论采样规模对计算结果的影响.结果表明,文中提出的多场景生成方法有助于提升光伏输出功率的建模精度和概率潮流计算精度.

针对现有电动汽车快速充电地点选择中难以考虑多车辆的交互影响,以及站–车互动中未能实现考虑多站间博弈的服务能力均衡等问题,该文提出一种计及多车交互影响的电动汽车与快充站动态响应策略.首先,提出站–车互动的充电引导框架,阐述了车、站、路、云平台之间的信息流动关系;其次,以路段传输模型为基础,计及动态路段行程时间的影响,建立了城市路网动态路径选择模型,并以满足车主在充电选择上的多元化需求为目标,建立充电导航模型;再次,为准确分析车辆之间的交互影响过程,提出考虑电动汽车动态演化的充电决策方法,反映了车主在行驶过程中不同位置的选站概率;在此基础上,将电动汽车充电选择与充电站动态服务费制定相结合,建立多主体主从博弈模型,分析了相互之间的决策影响;最后,利用算例分析了路径选择、动态充电决策和站–车互动过程.结果表明,该方法可提高电动汽车充电寻站的效率,并均衡了站间的充电负荷.

传统智能配电网自愈系统治愈效率低,为了解决上述问题,基于Multi-Agent研究了一种新的智能配电网自愈系统,智能配电网自愈系统的硬件部分由IEC618501的光纤路由交换器、多条反馈网线Agent、配电网的ARM8核心处理器和数据采集器组成,配电网的核心处理器采用ARM8型号,ARM8型号的核心处理器由HikohX6455芯片和继电器组成,自愈系统软件部分由2个环节点、3层结构、应急处理控制代理和多个控制节点构成.实验结果表明,基于Multi-Agent的智能配电网自愈系统能够在短时间内实现大范围自愈,自愈能力优于传统系统,可操作性更强.

In order to solve the problem that there are too many evaluation indicators and no unified standards for planning and design of medium-voltage distribution network wiring mode in high-reliability area, this paper studies the comprehensive evaluation method of high-reliability wiring mode for medium-voltage distribution network. Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation indicator system of high-reliability wiring mode is constructed from four aspects: reliability, economy, technology and adaptability. Secondly, the DEATEL-ANP-anti-entropy weight method and improved gray correlation method are used to determine the weights of each evaluation indicator. And then, the polynomial difference method is used to analyze the indicator rating function of high-reliability wiring mode. Finally, based on a high-reliability renovation project in a type A area in Jiangsu, a comprehensive evaluation and comparative study is carried out on the single-ring network wiring, double-ring network wiring, petal type wiring and three-way for same supply wiring mode with flexible DC loop. The results show that the three-way for same supply wiring mode with flexible DC loop has higher reliability and applicability with high comprehensive ratings, which conforms to the engineering reality, and proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed comprehensive evaluation method.

随着充电设施、5G基站、直流家电等新型直流负荷及光伏等直流电源的快速发展,研究兼具安全、可靠、高效特性的直流配电网具有巨大的市场潜力和应用价值.提出了中压直流配电网网架结构及低压直流用电系统母线结构,分析了单极接线、双极接线的特点及其适用情况,提出了由两电平换流器、MMC换流器构成的伪、真双极直流配用电系统的接地方式.最后,以数据中心、居民楼宇等直流负荷集中区应用场景为例,从电压等级、网架结构、接线方式和接地方式等方面构建其典型供用电模式.

Outage loss is one of the indicators to measure the economics of the power grid. Reasonable estimation of outage loss can provide a basis for improving distribution network reliability, social emergency power distribution, and public preventive budget allocation. In order to improve the accuracy of the grey relational analysis method, the ratio of output value to unit electric energy consumption (ROVUE) is used to calculate the outage loss, and the objective weight of each influencing factor is obtained with the entropy weight method. By using the method of entropy Weight-Grey correlation analysis, the correlation degree between the regional ROVUE and each industry, and the correlation degree between the reliability of distribution network and its influencing factors are calculated, respectively. In the case study of four different regions, the correlation of regional outage loss and various industries as well as the relationship between regional distribution network reliability and various influencing factors are analyzed. Thus the key direction and focus area are proposed for each regional power grid to upgrade its equipment, so that the investment of power supply enterprises can be concentrated to maximize the reliability of the distribution network and reduce the power outage losses.

该文从工程实用的目的出发,以按负荷"就近备供"原则在全局范围内分区优化划分为基础,对于模型方法难以处理的其他相关约束,比如要求供电分区自然地理和管理边界清晰、同一分区开发深度和负荷供电可靠性要求基本一致以及专业协同等问题,提出采取前置和后置两种处理方法.其中,前置处理是在供电分区划分之前将其他约束转换为通道费用后在候选通道布局中考虑其影响;后置处理是先按负荷"就近备供"进行供电分区划分,之后再对分区结果依据其他约束做局部优化调整,并给出了考虑单因素和多因素影响的定量计算公式.算例结果表明分区优化划分方法用于不同因素影响情况下的有效性和实用性.

5G、物联网时代的到来为城市照明发展带来了新一轮的机遇与挑战,"价值路灯"作为路灯照明系统全新的体系架构,推动路灯系统由专注于城市照明主业向承载更多社会价值的智慧城市领域转型.文章以城市照明领域为切入点,以大力建设泛在电力物联网为契机,详细讨论泛在电力物联网场景下新一代城市照明系统的体系架构,充分研究了"价值路灯"关键技术、应用难点、典型应用实例与发展趋势,为促进照明行业升级、创新驱动与企业转型厘清思路,为泛在电力物联网在供用电侧的研究与建设提供切实可行的实践方案,推进共建、共治、共享的智慧城市发展.

新一轮电力体制改革的进行推动了双边开放电力市场的发展,新结构下市场成员间的互动行为更加灵活多变。为引导市场成员理性报价,鼓励各成员间开展良性竞争,首先,构建了综合成员利益和系统网损的能量优化模型。其次,提出了弱中心化的新型市场机制,该机制设计了市场交易成员、框架和流程。在市场成员中,配电网系统运营商作为超级用户参与市场的监管工作,并与普通用户共同参与市场出清。普通用户在出清过程中可权衡利弊多次修改自身报价,还原了电力市场自由竞争、分散决策的特性。然后,利用交替方向乘子算法进行市场出清,市场成员间只需传递少量信息即可通过并行计算达到市场均衡,抑制了成本信息不对称引发的恶意报价行为。最后,针对所提交易机制设计了基于区块链技术的以太坊智能合约方案,通过算例和部署在以太坊私有链上的智能合约,验证了所提市场机制的有效性。

提出了一种考虑风、光多能互补的主动配电网规划模型及求解策略。考虑了多种可再生能源自身的不确定性和相互间的互补特性,采用局部密度峰值的聚类法生成典型场景,以配电网的全寿命周期成本效益最优为目标函数,构建了基于二阶锥规划的主动配电网规划模型。由于多能互补环境下的配电网规划是一个包含大量场景的混合整数非线性规划问题,在Branch-and-Cut求解框架下,基于现代Benders分解算法给出了规划模型的高效求解策略。最后采用IEEE-24节点测试系统进行了算例分析,测试结果验证了规划模型的合理性以及求解策略的高效性。

随着直流源荷的日益增加,考虑经济性等因素对交直流混联配电网进行研究具有重要意义.本文首先参照现有相关标准,总结直流配电网典型应用结构;然后针对连接交、直流配电网的关键设备,包括变流器、柔性软开关、电力电子变压器,从这3种交直流转换设备组网的角度出发,研究交直流混联配电网的形态结构及适合的应用场景.为构建新型交直流混联配电网提供参考.

Ancient Chinese buildings are the precious heritage of Chinese traditional culture.The indoor daylighting environment of ancient Chinese buildings has its special characteristic.The indoor daylighting environment of ancient Chinese Buddhist buildings not only has the characteristic but also has religious nature.By investigating thirteen Buddhist buildings and seven palace buildings in the Palace Museum and the Temple of Heaven in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei province,by using high dynamic range image technology,the illuminance values and luminance values were obtained.Basing on the values,the characteristic of the daylighting environment of the ancient Buddhist buildings were gained.The study of the daylighting environment of ancient Buddhist buildings is not only important for protecting and inheriting Chinese traditional culture but also useful for creating daylighting environment of modern buildings.

配电网供电可靠性直接影响用户的用电质量,应用电力系统分析软件CYME,对配电网进行建模分析.研究比较了不同供电半径和不同典型结构配电网的供电可靠性,并针对实际配电网算例,分析了不同开关动作时间下的配电网可靠性的情况;从各个负荷点可靠性的角度,寻找出该配电网中可靠性较差的负荷点,进而提出了具有针对性的网架优化方案,为配电网可靠性评估分析及应用提供了参考.

In order to do the quantitative assessment on the key indicators of grid evaluation and determine the‘worldclass' of the international power grid,this paper selects 8 key indicators which are internationally accepted and can comprehensively reflect the overall development and operation of the grid. Furthermore,this paper does the quantitative assessment on each key indicator by quintile method,optimal segmentation method and K-means clustering method in order to draw the appropriateworld-classsection. On this basis,this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of assessing different types of indicators by different methods and determines the top level of each key indicator to a reference for the grid assessment with the combination of the actual situation.

对电网电压暂降指标和电压暂降域建立理论计算方法,根据电网设备故障率结合电压暂降表的电压暂降指标提出了理论计算方法.基于电压暂降表确定暂降域范围,对暂降域边界线路采用线路逐段扫描方法确定暂降域边界线路临界位置的电压暂降域理论计算方法.该方法基于短路计算原理,物理意义明晰、计算速度快,可根据电网结构和参数计算出电网的电压暂降指标和电压暂降域.IEEE9算例计算了电网的电压暂降指标,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性.