[目的]京津风沙源二期低效林改造工程的主要任务之一是提高森林物种多样性.探究影响北京市低效林林下物种多样性指数的环境因素并确定各环境因素影响大小.[方法]以侧柏Platycladus orientalis低效林为研究对象,对35个低效林样地开展调查,获取并计算各样地的物种多样性指数;利用最大熵模型研究10个立地环境因子与侧柏低效林林下物种多样性指数的关系,分析不同立地条件类型对侧柏林下物种多样性的影响.[结果]影响物种多样性的主要环境变量为海拔、坡向、土壤全磷、坡度和土壤全钾,其累积贡献率之和达93.8%;采用提升土壤全磷、土壤全钾和微地形改造的措施后,侧柏低效林林下物种多样性高于筛选值的分布概率,由0.354分别提升至0.431、0.654和0.379,同时实施上述3种措施后,分布概率提升至0.738,单独和同时实施以上措施均有助于提高物种多样性.[结论]改良立地条件可以提高侧柏低效林的林下物种多样性.图5表3参38

本文基于北京山区遥感影像数据和标准样地调查数据,利用InVEST模型碳储量模块,评估分析了北京山区森林生态系统的碳储量.结果 表明,北京山区森林生态系统的平均碳密度为99.95 Mg/hm2,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层、凋落物层和土壤层平均碳密度分别为10.51、3.16、0.86、8.61、76.81 Mg/hm2.植被碳密度与土壤碳密度呈现显著正相关关系,土壤碳密度与凋落物碳密度呈现显著正相关关系.各林分类型平均碳密度表现为落叶针叶林(153.99 Mg/hm2)＞针阔混交林(132.45Mg/hm2)＞落叶阔叶林(125.10 Mg/hm2)＞常绿针叶林(111.78Mg/hm2)＞灌木林(72.26 Mg/hm2).北京山区森林生态系统总碳储量为77.41Tg,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层、凋落物层和土壤层的碳储量分别为8.14、2.45、0.67、6.67、59.48 Tg.各林分类型总碳储量表现为落叶阔叶林(43.23 Tg)＞灌木林(25.90 Tg)＞常绿针叶林(6.21Tg)＞针阔混交林(1.42 Tg)＞落叶针叶林(0.65 Tg).落叶阔叶林和灌木林是北京山区森林生态系统碳储量的主要贡献者,分别占55.84％和33.46％.在北京山区各个区县中,怀柔区碳储量最高(15.37 Tg),平谷区碳储量最低(4.89 Tg).北京山区森林生态系统碳储量分布不均,总体表现为北京山区北部区县较高,西部区县偏低,中部和东部最低.

对生长在不同郁闭度林下藿香全株运用水蒸气蒸馏法提取精油,然后用气相色谱质谱联用仪对精油成分进行分析.结果表明,共分离出32种物质,主要成分是薄荷酮、草蒿脑、D-柠檬烯、异薄荷酮、胡薄荷酮、胡椒酮等;主成分薄荷酮相对含量分别占高、中、低各郁闭度总峰的38.31%、54.75%和33.15%.高、低郁闭度林下种植的藿香主要成分为薄荷酮、草蒿脑和异薄荷酮,中郁闭度林下的为薄荷酮、异薄荷酮和胡薄荷酮.根据精油成分和产量,藿香适宜种植在北京山区高郁闭度、中郁闭度林下.

在实地调查和林业调查数据分析的基础上,充分把握当前国家政策要求和森林康养的发展趋势,深入分析沟崖风景区的资源优势,提出了"区位的'静'和道的'空'相结合;利用生态、文化等资源优势,形成品牌差异化卖点;根据新旧6要素,围绕健康主题,完善产业要素体系;以森林健康评价等林业调查数据分析为基础,形成以生产性、生活性和游憩性旅游产品为一级体系,观光旅游产品、娱乐旅游产品、康体运动旅游产品、休闲养生旅游产品和宗教祭祀与纪念旅游产品为二级体系的森林养生旅游产品体系.

[Objective] The aim of this study is to provide theoretical basis for developing under-forestry economy in Beijing.[Methodes] The young fruits of Elsholtzia stauntonii under the man-made forest with different canopy density were used as materials.Using steam distillation the essential oil of young fruits was extracted,and then the components and their relative contents were analyzed by GC/MS technique,and the yield rate of essential oil was calculated.[Results] 48 compounds were identified in the essential oil,and thymol,caryophyllene,2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-acetaldehyde,caryophyllene oxide,and acetophenone were found to be the mian components.Thymol showed the highest relative content under different canopy density,which arrived at 43.34 ％-48.17 ％,while the relative content of caryophyllene was 11.67 ％-16.86 ％.21 components were firstly identified in E.stauntonii enssential oil,and 8 compounds have not been reported in Elsholtzia plants,including 2-allyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane,2,6-dimethyl-1-nonen-3-yn-5-ol,2,5,6-trimethyl-3-methoxy-phenol,8a-methyl-5-hydroxy-1-(2H)-naphthalenone,2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-dimethoxy-benzene,thymoquinone,longifolenaldehyde,and 2-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-[2.2.1] heptane.The heights of E.stauntonii under high,medium,and low canopy densities were 20.05cm,19.91cm,24.47cm respectively.The infructescence weights per plant under high,medium,and low canopy densities were 10.88g,23.03 g,and 26.9 g respectively.The yield rate of essential oil under high,medium,and low canopy densities were 0.562％,0.614％,and 0.428％ respectively.[Conclusion] E.stauntonii could be planted udner medium and low forest canopy densities as aromatic plant in the mountain area of Beijing.

中药材的生产强调道地性,本研究利用现有资料,对8种药用植物进行不同产区指标成分含量的比较,结果发现:知母、菘蓝、北苍术、穿山龙、红花、紫苏、牛蒡、射干生态适应性较强,大部分产区指标性成分达到2015年版《中华人民共和国药典》.然而,一些道地产区所产药材的指标成分不一定高于非道地产区,但是道地药材的形成与生态环境有关,与优良的种质资源、历史悠久的生产加工养护技术和传统文化观念更是息息相关.本研究的评价与分析结果,对选择适宜的地区生产道地药材提供参考.

为了全面了解以及进一步利用华北地区芳香植物资源,运用查阅文献和实地调查法,得出华北地区常见芳香植物有69科205属303种,其利用途径多种多样.从生态型来看,华北地区芳香植物资源的生态型有喜阴植物与喜阳植物.结合调查结果以及林下经济发展的需求,提出了开发利用的建议.

The paper aims to get a comprehensive understanding of the medicinal plant resources in Beijing,and enhance their protection and utilization.The paper used ways of field investigation and literature review.The results showed that there were 473 species of medicinal plants belonging to 314 genera and 98 families in Beijing.The plant life type included tree,shrub,woody vine and herb.Herbal medicinal plant was the biggest type,accounting for 85％ of all medicinal plants in Beijing.In the areal-types of genera of medicinal plants in Beijing,23.57％ of all medicinal plants belonged to the north temperate zone.According to parts that used for medicine,medicinal plants could be divided into root and rhizome,stem,bark,leaves,flowers,fruit or seed and whole plant type.The whole plant type accounted for 45％ of all medicinal plants in Beijing.The application types of medicinal plants in Beijing were medicinal plants plants used for medicine and food,plants used for medicine and ornamental.According to different ecotypes,there were heliophile and shade-requiring medicinal plants in Beijing.In order to further protect and utilize the medicinal plant resources in Beijing,in combining with the investigation results and the requirement of the under-forestry economy development,some suggestions were put forward.

通过文献查阅整理和多年旅游策划的实践,发现森林环境养生优势明显,同时对养生旅游市场进行了分析,发现生态养生旅游具有3个特点,即普适性、高复游率和综合消费较大.文章对中国传统养生文化的内涵进行了挖掘,并将其与可持续发展、市场导向、体验化、个性化相结合,构建了新的森林养生旅游产品体系,共分3类:一为生产性旅游产品,如林下养殖基地、林下种植基地等;二为生活性旅游产品,如养生餐厅、树屋等;三是游憩性旅游产品,如大氧吧广场、野营地等.研究旨在为当前森林旅游及林下经济的发展提供参考,也为森林养生旅游项目的系统策划提供理论基础.

Aromatic plants is the general term of some Chinese herbal medicines and natural aromatic plants,wide ly used in the field of ecological protection,garden landscaping,catering,entertainment,health and pharmaceutical and cleaning products such as high economic value,the development is very promising.In recent years,Beijing has combined with the undergrowth economic development,promotes the aromatic plants cultivation and processing,and mining production,living and ecological functions,and achieved good results.Aromatic plants in Beijing,con ducted a survey and research,introduces the basic status and effectiveness of the development of oil rose and vanilla plants.The paper proposed scientific planning,co-ordinate arrangements to increase investment,the typical model;rely on technology,quality and efficiency;driven by product version,strengthen competition;information guide services to benefit farmers.

Since 2000 start a pilot project,Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Sources Control Project in Beijing city has been carrying on for twelve years,with a total investment of nearly 4 billion Yuan RMB.Ecological conditions of project area are improved significantly,and sustainable development ability of the project area is increased significantly.Based on tracking and monitoring background data by the end of 2008,ecological and economical implementation effects of the project have been evaluated in this paper.

Bionics wild cultivation of Edible fungi can make effective use of the plantation and natural forest,and with high quality product.This paper introduces the original growth status of wild mushroom,the environmental advantages of bionics wild cultivation of edible fungi,the function and species suitability of bionics wild cultivation,the advantages and disadvantages of the product,the technology and prospect,etal.

圣树农林科技公司结合北京生态建设与市场开发实际,对郊区沙地果桑有机化栽培综合配套技术进行了研究与应用,结果表明:对果桑园施用经过发酵的腐熟优质有机肥作为基肥,施用自家制造的有机肥进行追肥和进行果桑园生草等3项技术措施能较好地实现土壤的迅速培肥;根据栽植密度确定果桑树的树型养成形式,每667m2栽植330株的密植果桑园采用自然开心型,每667m2栽植110株的果桑园采用直立中央主干型,有利于果桑园丰产;修剪方式上,幼年果桑的修剪以冬剪为主,成年果桑树夏剪和秋冬剪结合等较适宜;桑树发芽前和落叶后采取滴灌方式灌溉,既省水又能满足其生理转换需求;以上措施配套施行可获得较好的生态与经济效益。

Under the guidance of the Green Olympics concept,the capital ecological construction is significant,forest economic development has become increasingly active.To intensify the building of ecological civilization,and to promote eco-industry and closely integrated with the development of rural economy,to develop new growth points and speed up the pace of building a new socialist countryside,according to the economic cycle and agriculture and forestry ecosystem theory,the economic survey carried out understory and research,the impact factors of the capital under-forest economic development,design forest cycle for the basic model of economic development through scientific planning and economic development to guide forest on more scientific,more healthy.

Beijing's suburbs forests are involved in seven districts, nearly 600,000 farmers in the mountainous areas, and how to consolidate its achievements. whether follow-up industry can increase the income of peasants, thus play its due role in the process of building new socialist rural areas. The paper first reviews the work and model of Grain to Green Program in Beijing mountainous areas in a comprehensive summary. Then on the basis, points out the role of follow-up industry in the development of new rural construction, analyses the existing problems. puts forward the strategies.