目的 探索甲状腺残体的出现频率、大小、形态、与甲状腺的位置关系等特征,以提高对甲状腺残体的认识,促进甲状腺组织的完整切除.方法 选择2021 年11 月至2022 年10 月于南京医科大学第一附属医院甲状腺外科行甲状腺切除手术患者 879 例.术前甲状腺超声或细针穿刺细胞学检查提示单侧甲状腺肿瘤,切除病灶侧腺叶;若提示双侧甲状腺肿瘤,行甲状腺全部切除,切除甲状腺组织行快速冰冻切片病理检查.术中对甲状腺残体进行探查、解剖,根据甲状腺残体与甲状腺的位置关系,将甲状腺残体分为Ⅰ型(甲状腺下极向下突出的残体组织与甲状腺相延续)、Ⅱ型(甲状腺残体紧邻甲状腺下极,无任何组织相连)、Ⅲ型(甲状腺残体通过细窄的纤维束带与甲状腺相连)、Ⅳ型(甲状腺下方独立的甲状腺组织,与甲状腺无任何连接),记录各型残体直径、发生率.结果 入组患者中 252 例(28.7%)接受单侧腺叶切除,627 例(71.3%)接受双侧腺叶切除,共涉及 1506 例单侧腺叶.术后病理提示良性疾病者 142 例(16.2%),恶性疾病者 737 例(83.8%).602 侧(39.9%)甲状腺腺叶伴有甲状腺残体,其中Ⅰ型 221 例、Ⅱ型 62 例、Ⅲ型 255 例、Ⅳ型 64 例.甲状腺残体直径≤1cm 者 457 例(75.9%),直径＞1cm者 145 例(24.1%),直径最大者为 4.8 cm.仅 133 例(22.1%)甲状腺残体可通过术前超声检查探及.结论 甲状腺残体作为一种常见的甲状腺形态变异,其大小及与甲状腺腺体的位置关系具有较大变异.

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) affects 10% of the global population, which is most prevalent in women and the elderly. However, it remains debatable whether the elderly with subclinical hypothyroidism needs thyroxine supplement. Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) could play important roles in autoimmune diseases, suggesting that hAMSC be a candidate to regulate the thyroid function of female age-related subclinical hypothyroidism. Herein, we established the model of SCH in the aged female mice. This study was designed to investigate whether human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC) could effect on immune regulation, apoptosis inhibition of thyroid cells, thyroid function, blood lipid levels, and heart function. In addition, qualified hAMSCs were intravenously injected into aged female SCH mice via the tail vein on day 0 and day 10. The levels of thyroid hormone and blood lipids as well as cardiac function, serum immunological indexes, and apoptosis of thyroid cells were then analyzed on day 5, 10, 15, and 20; meanwhile, the quantity of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg immune cells in peripheral blood was evaluated before and on day 20 post-injection. Our study demonstrated that after hAMSC transplantation, the thyroid functions, blood lipid levels, and heart function indexes of age-related SCH (AR-SCH) mice were significantly improved. Consistent with this, Th1 and Treg cells increased significantly, while Th2 and Th17 cells decreased in peripheral blood. Apoptosis was also suppressed in the thyroid cells. In summary, hAMSC delivery can potentially be a safe and effective therapy for treating SCH in the elderly, improving related complications by immunomodulatory and apoptosis inhibition.

Background: An extremely low parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration after thyroidectomy may reflect the immediate severely damaged parathyroid function. The current study aimed to examine time-related changes of severely damaged parathyroid function on postoperative day 1 (SDPF-D1), which was here defined as serum PTH <= pg/mL, and the risk factors of SDPF-D1. Methods: This is a retrospective review of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing total thyroidectomy with or without central neck dissection (CND). The number of parathyroids preserved in situ, autotransplanted, or found in the final pathology was recorded and the corresponding parathyroid glands remaining in situ (PGRIS) score (PGRIS = 4 - parathyroids autotransplanted-parathyroids found in the final pathology) was calculated. Chronological changes of serum levels of PTH and total calcium were investigated for at least one year after surgery. Results: One hundred and twenty-two of 344 patients included for analysis suffered from SDPF-D1. Patients with SDPF-D1 had a prolonged recovery in comparison with hypoparathyroidism patients without SDPF-D1, who fully recovered within 6 months after thyroidectomy. The PGRIS score in patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism was significantly lower than other patients with SDPF-D1 who fully recovered. Conclusions: Most patients with SDPF-D1 could fully recover within one year after total thyroidectomy. Less parathyroids removed and autotransplanted contributed to a quick recovery of SDPF-D1.