Interdisciplinary research and the resulting interdisciplinary technology have garnered significant attention and resources because of their potential to offer innovative solutions for major societal challenges. Despite this interest, the literature on the economic impacts of interdisciplinary technology remains limited. This study aims to investigate the relationship between interdisciplinary university technology and its potential for commercial success. Drawing on the knowledge recombination view, our study proposes that the technology readiness level (TRL) and high coordination costs are two underlying factors that hinder the commercialization—indicated by patent licensing and reassignment to firms—of interdisciplinary university technology. On the basis of learning theory, we propose that three factors, namely, the inventor's industrial experience, university-industry engagement, and experiential learning over time, mitigate the challenges associated with a low TRL and high university-industry coordination costs, thereby increasing the propensity for commercializing interdisciplinary technology. To test our arguments, we employ a topic modeling method on 287,616 Chinese university patents to construct a topical diversity index for each patent, which measures each patent's level of interdisciplinarity. The regression analysis reveals that, for our novel definitions of patent topical diversity and the TRL introduced in this work, topical diversity is negatively associated with the TRL and, ultimately, the commercialization rate. Furthermore, inventor industrial experience, university-industry engagement, and time positively moderate the relationship between interdisciplinary technology and commercialization. Our research has important theoretical and practical implications for interdisciplinarity and technology commercialization

This paper examines the contemporary implications of entrepreneurship and utilizes panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies spanning 2011 to 2022. Based on the five aspects of Chinese entrepreneurship, namely “patriotism, courage to innovate, integrity and law-abiding, social responsibility, and international vision”, the findings suggest that fostering entrepreneurship enhances the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of firms. Mechanism analysis indicates that green technology innovation, social performance enhancement, and governance capability optimization mediate this relationship. Furthermore, factors such as corporate market power, regional marketization processes, and advancements in artificial intelligence technology influence the link between entrepreneurship and ESG performance. Robust entrepreneurship equips firms to navigate environmental uncertainties, but entrepreneurship cannot improve corporate governance performance. This article elucidates the distinctive significance of entrepreneurship, expanding the institutional economics research perspective, offering practical insights for cultivating entrepreneurship and elucidating potential determinants of corporate ESG performance. This article also provides spiritual guidance for sustainable development.

The COVID-19 epidemic presented unparalleled difficulties for small enterprises on a global scale, and the small company sector in Macau was not exempt from these issues. The present research examines the resilience and renewal tactics implemented by small enterprises in Macau to endure and prosper during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the varied reactions and adaptation strategies implemented by small enterprises in Macau using qualitative research methodologies such as interviews and case studies. The results demonstrate a variety of resilience solutions, encompassing inventive business models, digitalization, product and service diversification, stakeholder collaboration, and utilisation of government support efforts. Furthermore, this study aims to address the influence of organisational culture, leadership, and staff resilience on the crisis response of small enterprises. This study enhances our comprehension of how small enterprises can effectively face unparalleled obstacles and emergemore resilient from catastrophes. The findings from this study have the potential to contribute valuable knowledge to policy interventions, support mechanisms, and capacity-building programs that seek to improve the resilience of small enterprises in Macau and other regions.

Breaking the silence and building the momentum of the MeToo movement through social platforms is only the beginning, countering rape culture and creating an institutional legacy relies on legislation and justice, as well as the cultural framework of the media. This chapter illustrates the dynamics between the cases of the Chinese version of MeToo – "RiceBunny(米兔)" – which entered the civil court and the media. The author observes that journalism has been weakened by censorship and technological and commercial shifts and that the social media environment has both empowering aspects and manipulation of information. Mainstream news outlets have struggled with the regular coverage of the RiceBunny movement because of state regulation, the structure and financing of the industry, and some have even become mouthpieces for privileged perpetrators. In contrast, Internet content production organisations and citizen media, which are not granted journalistic rights by the state, have played a more active and substantial role in promoting the anti-sexual assault agenda. In the process of this analysis, the author highlights cases of strategic use of media by activists, the formation of citizen media networks based on the voices and mutual support of survivors, and cases where citizen media contributed to the judicial process and countered information manipulation. The author argues that media presentation in RiceBunny reflects the nuances of China's media structure but also highlights the important role of civic engagement in it.

As political boundaries, countries and cities as administrative boundaries may restrict the flow of goods and factors. Economic openness is to weaken the economic boundaries of countries and cities and promote the flow of goods and factors. As a super-large economy, China has actively promoted both opening-up to the outside world and domestic opening-up, integrating into the international economic circulation system and building a unified domestic market, creating a high-quality business environment for enterprises. The improvement of the environment has enhanced entrepreneurial performance and promoted technological innovation of small enterprises and urban economic prosperity. The research shows that there is an inherent and necessary connection between the degree of openness, business environment, and entrepreneurial performance. Economic openness and business environment promote the formation of a high-quality entrepreneurial environment, which in turn affects entrepreneurial performance and economic development performance. Namely, various changes in the business environment have greatly affected the "business dynamism".

This study sets out to disentangle the effects of open innovation on firm growth in the time of economic crisis. Adopting the strategic choice perspective, we argue that the adoption of OI can lead to better performance in terms of business growth in the time of financial crisis, particularly through the "quick-shot solutions" approach relative to the "long-term horizon" approach. We also argue that collaboration, as well as out-bound approach, is complementary to internal R&D in achieving firm growth, whilst in-bound approach is a substitute for internal R&D in achieving firm growth. We further argue that firms with greater openness breadth and depth will achieve higher growth and that there is diminishing marginal benefit from openness breadth and depth. Analyzing a sample of about 300,000 Chinese manufacturing firms matched with patent dataset, we find evidence to support our arguments. This study makes several contributions to the crisis and OI literature.

In the face of fierce competition in the employment environment, it is very necessary for college students to carry out innovation and entrepreneurship education. The practical model of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship education has been running for a long time. Therefore, a practical model of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship education is designed. By building a bridge between students and the society, we can extract the characteristics of the times, obtain the types of social practice, formulate a modular practice system in line with the actual situation of colleges and universities, improve the awareness of entrepreneurship, optimize the innovation and entrepreneurship education mechanism, and build a practical model of innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students. The experimental results show that the running time of the model is shorter than that of the other two models, which shows that the model is more effective when combined with social cognitive career theory.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending is referred to as lending money to unknown borrowers directly through online platforms without using traditional financial intermediaries. We leverage insights from the literature on psychological distancing and affective intensity to argue that linguistic styles, as the manifestation of social psychological distance, have a negative impact on P2P funding success. Testing our arguments with data from a major Chinese P2P platform, we find that using too many "you" and negations (proxies for social psychological distance) in the borrower's description will dampen a lender's willingness to support a funding campaign. Moreover, when the social psychological distance is large, language intensity can be perceived as desperate, making a lender even less willing to support the funding campaign. Our research shed new light on the role of language in P2P funding success and has practical implications for lenders, borrowers and regulators in overcoming barriers in P2P lending.

The purpose of the research is to explore factors, trends, and prospects of the sharing economy in economic systems of various types. To achieve this goal, the authors established a typology of countries according to their sharing economy development. Based on the structural and rank analysis, the authors investigated and compared national economic systems according to the level of the sharing economy development. The authors also employed the expert survey method to identify factors and risks affecting the sharing economy at the national level. The following factors have been identified: digital economy development, the openness of citizens and businesses to innovations, consumer mentality affecting behavior patterns, regulatory at the national and local levels, availability of the services, simplicity and quality of the infrastructure, trust, political situation in the country, and digital literacy of the users.

In this article, we briefly identify seven evolving characteristics of Chinese entrepreneurship that capture either the essential contextual elements or the outcomes of the contextual influences in China and provide a fertile ground for entrepreneurship research in China. We then present three approaches to contextualization in Chinese entrepreneurship research and map extant research with these approaches to assess the current state of contextualization in Chinese entrepreneurship research. Following the discussion we introduce the five contributions to the Special Issue that advance a more nuanced understanding of entrepreneurship in China from five diverse perspectives. We finally argue that the next stage of entrepreneurship research in China needs to explore four contextual parameters.

At a time when China encourages its firms to go overseas, especially to countries and regions involved in its “Belt and Road Initiative”, and sets up a favorable domestic environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, this paper is a first trial looking along both the two dimensions to test whether Chinese firms’ operating performance changes after cross-border merger and acquisition (CBM&A) activities, using entrepreneurial orientation (EO) as a moderating factor. The paper combines data from Chinese listed firms’ annual reports, Chinese stock market financial statements database and the Zephyr database from 2001 to 2015 to examine how acquirers’ operating performance changes after CBM&A activities using EO as a moderating factor. In order to test whether the results are affected by the stock market, this paper also defines abnormal return on equity (ROE) to detect abnormal operating performance. After these, the paper divides the sample into separate industry groups to see whether results will change. The results obtained for the whole sample show that the performance of Chinese listed firms is fluctuant after CBM&As within the sample years. It increases one year after the acquisition but drops two years later and then follows an increasing trend again. The moderating factor of EO is not significant for the sample as a whole. However, after dividing the sample into separate industry groups, it becomes clear that different industries have their own characteristics. EO helps Chinese listed firms to adjust to the post-acquisition situation and even to improve their performance to some extent in the metal mining industry and the business services industry. When ROE is substituted with abnormal ROE, the results do not change much.

This study investigates the effect of family characteristics on the internationalization activities of Chinese family small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using a socioemotional wealth perspective. We suggest that family ownership negatively affects international expansion. Results using a sample of 1542 Chinese family SMEs support our hypothesis that there is a negative relationship between family ownership and international activities. Due to mixed findings in previous studies, we not only focus on both export intensity and export propensity, but also introduce family firm characteristics (i.e., presence of founder CEOs and family succession intention) as moderators. We argue that these moderators capture a temporal aspect of socioemotional wealth (SEW) and find that they strengthen the negative relationship between family ownership and internationalization. Our study contributes to family firm internationalization research by disentangling the relationship between family firm characteristics and internationalization, as well as SEW research.

Implementing the strategy of rural rejuvenation is an important opportunity for "agriculture, rural areas, and rural people", especially for rural people.However, a large number of modern resources are needed to invest in the construction of agricultural countryside.In order to solve the problem of talent insufficiency in the agricultural countryside, talents from all walks of life should be cultivated and attracted to devote energy to rural construction.This article tries to deeply analyze the demand for talents in the development of rural e-commerce in Hubei under the strategy of revitalizing the countryside, innovating the training path and practice mode of cultivating rural e-commerce talents in universities of Hubei to develop rural e-commerce in Hubei and solve the employment and entrepreneurship problems of a large number of college students returning to their hometown.

Are entrepreneurs always happier than employees even when they earned less than employees? Does autonomy exert magical power on the low-paid entrepreneurs' job well-being as well? In this paper, we explore the relationship between job autonomy and job well- being, also test whether the income will constrain this relationship. We investigate this study by applying the interplay between Self-determination theory and Maslow's Hierarchy. Also use a large dataset (n=8046) from Understanding Society, the British largest household panel survey. The methods in this paper innovatively involve the Match approach to update the dataset and use CFA to do multiple-group analysis and SEM to test the model. The results suggest that entrepreneurs experience higher job well- being than employees at any levels of income status due to the larger extent of job autonomy. And the income can only constrain the relationship between job autonomy and job well-being in employee group rather than entrepreneurs group. Therefore, job autonomy indeed exerts magic power on the low paid entrepreneurs.

以"全球化城市指数（GCI）"的五个维度测度杭州城市国际化水平,结合比较研究,发现推进杭州城市国际化的关键指标。增加跨国企业总部设立数、扩大国际学校和高校数量、引进国际新闻机构、优化文化体验感和吸引国际组织和国际性公共机构入驻,是提高杭州在商业活动、人力资本、信息交流、文化体验和政治参与方面国际竞争力的可行路径。