To reduce dependence on fossil fuels, cope with the growing energy demand, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, this paper innovatively designs a novel integrated energy system integrating anaerobic digestion of animal manure, fuel cell technology, gas turbine, and tire pyrolysis. The system maximizes the energy potential of biogas while synergistically treating waste tires, improving waste management’s flexibility, efficiency, and economic viability through multiple outputs such as electricity and by-products, subsystem synergies, equipment sharing, and economies of scale. Thermodynamic performance and economic feasibility are analyzed using Aspen Plus V14 simulation modeling, ensuring the system’s technical and economic viability. In this study, the simulation model of the system is established, and the techno-economic benefits of the system are analyzed. The simulation results show that the net electric power output of the system is 444.79 kW. Combined with the contribution of pyrolysis products, the system’s total efficiency reaches 70.88%. In only 4.79 years, the initial investment can be recovered, and in its 25-year service life, the system has realized a profit of 2,939,130 USD. The system realizes the energy and quality matching between different thermal processes through indirect collaborative treatment of different solid wastes, improves the conversion efficiency of biogas energy, co-treats waste tires, and reduces environmental pollution.

The rapid development of new energy has increasingly highlighted the need for more flexibility in thermal power industry, making them suitable for new energy consumption. This paper proposes applying two heat-power decoupling technologies: low-pressure turbine zero output scheme and absorption heat pump combined heating technology to captive power plants to deeply tap the peak shaving potential of captive power plants and solve the current and future difficulties of new energy consumption. The former achieves heat-power decoupling by cutting off the steam inlet of the low-pressure turbine. At the same time, the latter recovers the heat of the condenser cooling water to achieve a higher heating load. A comparative evaluation of the two technologies was carried out. When #5 steam extraction was modified, the results show that in terms of maximum heat load increase, scheme one increased by 171 MW, scheme two increased by 164.50 MW, and scheme one showed the most significant increase in heating supply. Regarding the minimum electric load rate, scheme one is 50.86%, and scheme two is 78.00%, with scheme one showing the most significant improvement in the plant’s peak shaving capacity.

To investigate the impact of carbon capture, utilization & storage (CCUS) on thermal power plants' flexibility and economic performance and provide feasible solutions, an analysis was conducted based on a typical 630 MW thermal power plant and a provincial thermal power installation. Taking the 630 MW coal-fired power plant as an example, solar-assisted and low-pressure turbine (LPT) zero-output schemes were proposed to enhance the flexibility of the plant. Additionally, economic sensitivity analysis was carried out for the CCUS-enhance oil recovery (EOR) process, followed by the proposal of the CO2-to-methanol pathway in a province located in northwest China. The results showed that the power output space after applying a carbon capture unit scheme was reduced from 178 to 619 MW to 311-439 MW, but this was restored to 92.97 MW-560.89 MW by using the two proposed performance enhancement schemes, thereby significantly improving the flexibility of the plant. Under the conventional CCUS-EOR pathway, the electricity price increased by approximately 12.59 $/MWh15.65 $/MWh. However, if the CO2-to-methanol pathway were adopted, the most economically beneficial scheme would achieve a mere 0.54 $/MWh, leading to almost zero-cost decarbonization of thermal power plants.

The low-cost and continuous hydrogen production from waste has recently received much attention. To achieve clean and efficient in-situ resource utilization, this study proposes a novel hydrogen production system using medical waste and biogas with zero carbon emission, composed of plasma gasification, solid oxide fuel cell, steam turbine cycle, and autothermal reforming. The hybrid system is designed as a poly-generation system capable of producing hydrogen, heat, and electricity to self-sustain the energy consumption required to produce hydrogen for the entire plan. And a thermodynamic and techno-economic of the hydrogen production system is investigated. The results show that the hydrogen production process's energy efficiency and exergy efficiency from medical waste and biogas reach 63.20% and 59.15%, higher than the others. In addition, the system can recover its initial cost in 3.25 years, and the net present value of the new scheme is expected to reach 125,197.65 k$ over a 25-year lifetime.

To optimize the biogas power generation process and waste tire disposal, a novel polygeneration system has been conceptualized. The hybrid design comprises a solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine subsystem, tire pyrolysis reactor, organic Rankine cycle, and waste heat recovery subsystem. The biogas is first utilized by the solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine for power generation. Subsequently, the high-temperature exhaust is utilized to preheat the fuel and oxidant and to heat the pyrolysis reactor and organic Rankine cycle, thereby improving the power generation and energy conversion efficiency. A comprehensive case study has been carried out to verify technological and economic feasibility of the proposed scheme. The results demonstrate that the net energy efficiency of the system is 70.11 % with an exergy efficiency of 69.65 %, and that the hybrid system maintains a high level of performance even when the fuel cell operating temperature varies. The irreversibility mainly arises from the pyrolysis reactor, cell stack, and combustion chamber. The new design requires only an initial investment of 722.93 k$ and can be recovered in 5.09 years with a net present value of 1795.51 k$ over its 25-year service life. Therefore, the proposed system is highly promising and suitable for implementation.

A novel N-doped porous carbon (NC) adsorbent with uniformly distributed Cobalt nanoparticles (Co/NC) for vapor elemental mercury removal was synthesized by direct pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate framework 67 (ZIF67). Doped N atoms and uniformly distributed cobalt nanoparticles in the carbon framework of Co/NC provided both physisorption and chemisorption sites for mercury removal. Specifically, Co/NC exhibited a strong affinity for Hg0 over a broad range of temperatures (30-240 degrees C) with the average Hg0 removal efficiency higher than 85%. DFT calculations revealed that mercury was mainly chemisorbed on crystal planes (1 1 1), (200), and (220) of cobalt nanoparticles, and physically adsorbed on doped nitrogen in the carbon framework. Moreover, exposed facets with nanoscale anisotropic morphologies significantly affected the mercury removal performance of Co/ NC, indicating that Hg0 adsorption on Co/NC was morphology-dependent. These results contributed an in-depth understanding of structural and sorption properties of ZIF-67-derived carbon sorbents, and suggested that fixedbed of such materials can be integrated into the mercury emission control technology for ultra-low emission power stations.

Herein, a novel hybrid design that combines hazardous waste plasma gasification, gas turbine, supercritical CO2 cycle, absorption heat pump, and coal‐fired combined heat and power (CHP) plant is proposed. In the integrated scheme, medical waste and concentrated solution of desulfurization wastewater are sent to the plasma gasifier and converted to syngas, which is conveyed into the gas turbine system after the necessary treatment. In terms of waste heat utilization of syngas and flue gas, some are used to drive the supercritical CO2 cycle, some are used by the absorption heat pump for heating, and the rest are used to heat the feedwater of the coal‐fired CHP plant directly. Based on a typical coal‐fired CHP plant, the benefits of this system are examined in terms of both thermodynamics and economics. Once the heat supply and the net electricity from coal remain the same, the net power generated by the waste in the hybrid design is 18.45 MW, while the net waste‐to‐electricity efficiency reaches 47.40%. In just 4.76 years, the initial investment in the proposed system is recouped, and in its 25 year lifetime, the system achieves a net present value of 150,491.81 k$.

In this study, a novel design has been developed to improve the energy efficiency of the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system by integration with a biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) system. With the energy cascade utilization principle, the heat from the compressed air cooling is recycled by the heat regeneration system of the BIGCC system in charging process. Besides, different from the normal CAES system, in discharging process, the compressed air from the air storage vessel is set into the combustor of the BIGCC system directly after being heated by the bypass flue, which is arranged in parallel at the heat recovery steam generator of the BIGCC system. By such incorporation, the heat storage equipment can be saved and the electricity consumed by the air compressor of the BIGCC system can be reduced, thus the energy efficiency of the CAES system can be improved. Energy, exergy, economic, and sensitivity analyses were applied to evaluate the performance of the integrated system. The results of the analyses show that with the integration, the round-trip efficiency and exergy efficiency of the CAES system can reach 88.43% and 64.28%, respectively. Besides, the overall efficiency of the coupled system improves by 0.35%.

To synergistically exploit organic waste and municipal solid waste, a novel design combining anaerobic digestion and incineration for waste-to-energy has been developed. In the proposed scheme, organic waste and municipal solid waste are processed by anaerobic digestion and incineration respectively. The biogas harvested from anaerobic digestion is utilized by a gas turbine, and then the hot exhaust of the gas turbine is taken to enhance the steam cycle of the incineration plant via steam superheating, steam reheating, feedwater heating, and air preheating. Thus, high-efficiency waste-to-energy using two kinds of waste can be achieved with fewer costs. A case study was conducted to examine the feasibility of the hybrid system, and its parameters were determined by modeling and simulation. From the aspects of thermodynamics and economics, the performance of the proposed system was evaluated under various conditions and the efficiency-boosting mechanism was investigated as well. Through the system integration, the biogas-to-electricity efficiency can reach up to 48.49% with 29.42 MW net power generated from biogas at the design point, while the net power generated from municipal solid waste remains as 6.22 MW. The dynamic payback period of the biogas-based power project is only 3.49 years, and the net present value attains 125,188.54 k$. Besides, the hybrid system performs well when the biogas feed rate changes. Therefore, the suggested design is extremely suitable and promising.

在考虑高速铁路旅客个性化乘车选择行为基础上,针对票价优化研究高速铁路双准则客流分配方法.基于高速列车运行图构建列车服务网络,在分析多层次客流选择行为基础上,提出服务网络的路径广义成本计算方法.引入旅客时间价值变量,建立时间-费用双准则客流分配模型,允许旅客在时间和票价2个择路原则之间做出偏向性选择,采用改进的基于迭代加权法(MSA)的蒙特卡罗模拟算法进行客流分配.以京沪高速铁路实际客票数据对模型和算法进行验证,结果表明,研究提出的双准则客流分配方法可以较好地反映特定票价下客流的分布情况.

In this paper, a novel scheme consisting of plasma gasifier, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), gas turbine (GT), and supercritical CO2 cycle has been developed for power and heat cogeneration. Fed by syngas converted from medical waste through plasma gasification, the new design is a SOFC-GT hybrid system benefiting from supercritical CO2 cycle to enhance its performance. Besides, the waste heat carried by the low-temperature exhaust gasses and CO2 stream is further exploited for providing domestic hot water to residents. The benefits of the suggested system were examined based on a 3 t/h plasma gasifier in the thermodynamic and economic aspects, and the effects of the main parameters were also investigated. It is found that the net power output of the studied system could reach up to 14.02 MW with a net waste-to-electricity efficiency of 59.30% and an exergy efficiency of 57.56%. The main source of irreversibility can be traced to three components, gasifier, cell stacks, and afterburner, accounting for 62.45% of the total exergy destruction. Only 3.77 years is required to recover the initial investment of the proposed system and a net present value of 109815.39 k$ can be attained by the waste-to-energy project during its 20-year lifespan.

The heat transfer performance of the spent fuel transport cask is inseparably related to the safety of the whole reprocessing system. In this study, we carried out the thermal analysis on the NAC-STC transport cask for AP1000 spent fuel assembly to evaluate the thermal performance of transport cask by the finite element method software ANSYS. A computational dynamics model was developed to study the temperature distribution inside the transport cask and on the surface of the cask. The effectiveness of the numerical calculation is demonstrated by comparing with the theoretical results. The results show that transport cask can reach steady-state during transportation, and the highest temperature in the case is 328?, which is below the maximum safety limit of 400?. Besides, the temperature of the fuel element baskets, sealing ring, photon shielding layer and neutron shielding layer in the cask are all within the safety limit.

随着科技的迅猛发展,人工智能在各行各业都所有发展和应用.机器化、智能化的种子检验已经慢慢取代了人工检测.利用声学振动的方法对有缺陷的种子进行识别是一大研究方向.本文以大豆裂纹为例,对大豆碰撞声信号的预处理方法进行研究.首先介绍了碰撞声信号的前端处理,主要包括信号的采样、量化、预加重、分帧和加窗,其次阐述了碰撞声信号的降噪处理方法,之后对碰撞声信号的端点检测方法进行研究并选出可行的方法,最后总结了预处理中存在的一些问题.

采用硅藻土为脱色剂,探究pH、硅藻土添加量、温度和时间对大豆肽脱色效果的影响,通过正交试验优化脱色工艺条件.结果 表明:大豆肽的硅藻土脱色最佳工艺条件为pH 5.0、硅藻土添加量15 g/L、温度50℃、时间50 min,在此条件下脱色率可达60.5％,蛋白质损耗率仅为4.2％,脱色后的大豆肽中蛋白质含量达到87.8％,颜色由灰黄色变为乳白色.

To reduce the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission and to achieve an ultra-low emission in coal-fired power plant, it is essential to understand the effect of air pollution control device system (APCD) on the emission of VOCs. In this study, the mass concentration of speciated VOCs in the flue gas on the nine sampling locations from the coal-fired power plant was obtained at different boiler loads. The samples were collected by the portable gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector sampling system and a sorbent trap sampling system. The results showed that the collaborative removal efficiency of VOCs could reach over 80% using the APCD system with ultra-low emission technologies. Boiler load would affect not only the concentration and distribution of VOCs but also the removal efficiency of the APCD system. The major products for 100% and 50% loads were aromatic and halogenated organic compounds, respectively. Besides, higher load also received more VOCs reduction benefits. The reduction of aromatics and alkane/alkene compounds could reach 93% and 94%, respectively. However, the reduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fly ash was 57%, and the reduction of halogenated organic compounds and oxygen-containing VOCs could only reach less than 45%. The major mechanisms for the removal of VOCs are oxidation and condensation through a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR) and the air preheater system. The types and reaction conditions of catalysts in the SCR system play an important role in promoting the removal of organic pollutants. The information generated from this study can help the power plant to select the correct control technologies for the VOCs emission.

After a LOCA, debris enters the fuel assemblies through the sump strainers of the containment, increasing the pressure drop of the fuel assemblies. Experimental study of the effects of debris passing through the strainers and settling in the reactor core within the fuel elements on the core cooling is crucial. The distribution, attachment and blockage of debris in a fuel assembly are studied by the experiment. The results show that the pressure drop is smaller than the driving head available for core cooling under a simulated cold leg break. Experiments on the AFA2G fuel assembly show that the pressure drop caused by the simultaneous introduction of three types debris into the fuel assembly is remarkable at the same flow rate and debris mass. However, the debris introduced to the fuel assembly in the order of particle debris, fiber de bris, and chemical debris can result in a lower pressure drop. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

仓储系统按照其支撑的主要技术手段可以分为四种类型,即人工作业仓储系统、信息化作业仓储系统、自动化作业仓储系统和智能化作业仓储系统.仓储自适应自动执行系统是一种智能仓储作业系统,具有分层控制、信息反馈和协调控制运行机制,通过引入仓储系统负荷容量作为限制条件,在作业任务分配时协调作业要素能力,以保证系统自动完成作业任务,并具有适应环境变化和设备健康状况变化的能力.仓储自适应自动执行系统实现的方法是将作业任务合并或分解,生成一个一个的任务粒,任务粒按时间排序形成任务队列,传送给任务协调系统;任务协调系统在执行任务队列时,剪取任务队列的任务粒数量,将任务粒指定给设备控制系统去完成,形成指定周期的微流程;仓储作业过程是多个微流程的执行过程,组合多个微流程的执行顺序,就可以实现最优作业调度.

针对仓储果品腐烂监测中存在仓储环境复杂,果品腐败监测困难以及腐败源定位困难等问题,搭建了一种用于仓储环境水果腐烂无损检测的电子鼻系统.利用系统中的8种气敏传感器,对水果挥发气体进行检测,通过数据采集卡将数据传输至上位机进行分析.实现了对4种核果类水果(火龙果、雪花梨、猕猴桃和苹果)的检测.在常温仓库模拟环境中,检测到4种水果在腐败过程中释放的主要气体成分为酒精、氨类气体、硫化氢和芳香物质.采用PCA对原始数据进行降维、聚类,可将4种水果按腐败程度分为轻微腐败和严重腐败两种等级.

本文选取冷链运输状态下的草莓作为研究对象.通过查阅国内外参考文献,找出引起草莓变质的原因,确定温湿度和压力作为主要监测参数,调查国内外冷链运输的现状,并介绍了国内外专家针对冷链运输环境参数监测方法,分析其在草莓冷链运输中应用的优缺点.总结得出,可以使用智能传感器同时监测温度、湿度、压力这三个参数,来监测草莓冷链运输中的贮藏环境,保证草莓质量.