页岩气作为补充天然气资源缺口的非常规资源,在我国乃至世界能源供应中占有重要地位.本文结合中国地质调查局在宜昌地区部署的3口页岩勘探井,应用水压致裂法、ASR非弹性应变恢复法和钻孔诱发张裂缝分析法展开了针对该地区古老地层的深部地应力实测工作,得出以下认识:(1)研究区在一定深度范围内最大水平主应力,最小水平主应力,铅垂应力均随深度增加而线性增大(2)研究区水平应力差异系数随深度的增加呈近似幂指数变小,深度在1500m及以下时研究区水平应力差异系数拟合结果小于0.25.(3)研究区深部最大水平主应力方向主要以NE向50～75为主,仙女山断层和天阳坪断层呈现左旋走滑兼逆冲特征.(4)水平应力梯度和水平应力差异系数综合反映出该区深部应力积累较小,构造活动较弱,有利于页岩储层发育.

郯庐断裂带是中国东部重要的地质构造带和地震活动带,苏、鲁交界部位的地震活动性和强震危险性一直引人瞩目,1668年发生过郯城8.5级大地震.为了解郯庐断裂带苏鲁界现今地应力环境与地震发展趋势,应用水压致裂法在该区开展了一个钻孔的原地应力测量工作,同时参考前人利用钻孔崩落法与声发射法获取的中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔301～5047m深度范围内的地应力数据,揭示了研究区地应力状态.利用库伦破裂准则、Byerlee定律以及断层摩擦参数‰分析研究该地区的地应力积累水平,评估断层发生滑动的可能性.结果 表明:水压致裂法测点在75.74～191.04m深度范围内最小水平主应力的量值为3.68～13.15MPa,最大水平主应力的量值为4.02～19.40MPa.CCSD主孔在1269～5047m深度范围内最小水平主应力的量值为25.3～122.0MPa,最大水平主应力的量值为41.4～166.4MPa;分析地应力结构,发现自地表至660m的范围内,σH＞σh＞σv,为逆断层地应力状态,660m以下表现为σw＞σv＞σh,为走滑断层地应力状态.综合分析断层摩擦参数μm,郯庐断裂带苏鲁交界处尚未达到断层失稳的临界地应力状态.

In order to more scientifically guide the site selection of CNNC nuclear technology industrial park,it is necessary to analyze the in situ stress state and the distribution law of the rock mass within the scope of the project area of the preselected site.Therefore,in-situ stress measurement was carried out by hydraulic fracturing in two 450 mdrilling in the project area,and 4 methods were used in the data processing stage to determine the instantaneous shut-in pressure to make sure the principal stress value reliable and accurate.The hydro-fracturing test results indicate that the maximum horizontal principal stress value is 6.66 ～ 25.91 MPa and the minimum is 3.94 ～ 15.76 MPa.The stress regime is SH ＞ Sh ＞ Sv,showing that the stress filed is dominated by the tectonic horizontal stress,and this kind of stress state is beneficial to reverse fault activities.The fracture impression test results show that the orientation of the principal horizontal stress in the project area is dominantly in the NE direction,which is in general agreement with that of regional tectonic stress field.Based on the measured data,the stress state parameters Kay,KHv,KHh,μm and τm were calculated,and the fault activity of the preselected site was analyzed using Coulomb friction sliding criterion,so as to synthetically evaluate the impact of the stress field characteristicsof the preselected site on the stability of rock mass engineering.

Hydraulic fracturing and piezomagnetic overcoring in-situ stress measurements were carried out in two boreholes in the southwestern Longmenshan Fault Zone to understand the current in-situ stress state and stress change after the Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquake on the April 20th,2013.Measurement results show that the maximum horizontal principal stress and minimum horizontal principal stress at the Qiaoqi borehole is 19.60～25.83 MPa and 10.47～18.47 MPa within the depth of 128～188 m,with an orientation of N63°～85°W;the maximum horizontal principal stress and minimum horizontal principal stress at the Tianquan borehole is 8.21 ～ 9.31 MPa and 5.20 ～ 7.73 MPa within the depth range of 114 ～ 142m,with an orientation of N59°W.Relationships between horizontal stress and vertical stress of the two measuring points are σH＞σh＞σv.The average ratios of maximum and minimum horizontal stress to vertical stress at the Qiaoqi borehole are 5.27 and 3.01 respectively.The average ratios of maximum and minimum horizontal stress to vertical stress at the Tianquan borehole are 2.60 and 1.76 respectively.The results that horizontal stress is higher than vertical stress will lead to a reverse fault activity.Comparison of insite stress states in this area before and after the Lushan earthquake suggests that after the earthquake the accumulation of stress of the unbroken active faults on both sides of the epicenter has been increasing.What's more,the stress magnitude at the Qiaoqi borehole improves significantly after the earthquake,which is in consistent with the monitoring results at the Qiaoqi.On the basis of in-situ stress data and Coulomb faulting criterion,the maximum horizontal principal stress at Qiaoqi was between the minimum and the maximum of fault slip before the earthquake,and exceeded the maximum after the earthquake.The maximum horizontal principal stress at Feixianguan was lower than the maximum of fault slip before earthquake.μm,the ratio between the maximum horizontal principal stress [(σ1-σ3)/2] and average stress [(σ1+σ3)/2],can be used to evaluate the present stress accumulation level and the seismic risk.The pre-earthquake μm value at Qiaoqi was 0.16～0.72,with an average of 0.50,and the post-earthquake μm value at Qiaoqi is 0.71 ～ 0.81,with an average value of 0.77.The pre-earthquake μm value at Feixianguan was 0.31～0.35,with an average of 0.32,and the post-earthquake μm value at Tianquan was 0.53～0.57,with an average value of 0.55.μmvalues in two study areas show a big difference.This study concludes that the stress in the northern and southern segments of the Longshan fault zone has been accumulated,which can increase possibility of fault slipping,especially in the northern segment.

台湾海峡西岸地区受到欧亚板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾板块的共同作用,具有复杂的应力场特征,但本地区现阶段地壳应力状态研究程度较低.为深入了解本区地应力特征,本文采用水压致裂法在福建平潭和广东饶平钻孔中进行了地应力测量,并结合其他实测及震源机制解资料,讨论了台湾海峡西岸构造应力场特征.结果显示平潭和饶平钻孔地应力优势作用方位分别为N19°W和N37°W;由震源机制解资料得到的研究区应力场方向表现为从北向南由NNW方向转向EW方向的扇形分布.地应力状态的水平变化趋势,大致以沙县—南日岛断裂为界,北部为低应力区,南部为高应力区,且南部大致以九龙江下游断裂附近开始,呈现由北向南,地应力水平逐渐降低的趋势.在研究区北部、中部、南部分别选取平潭、泉州、饶平三个钻孔,利用库伦准则对断层活动性进行判断,认为海峡西岸北部地区应力水平较低,断层活动性较弱;泉州所在的海峡西岸中部地区应力已积累到较高的水平,断层失稳滑动的可能性比较大;饶平邻近区域在近期断层失稳滑动的可能性不高.

The serial code of vehicle dynamics can not meet the need for real-time simulation. Based on the same model of vehicle dynamics, we developed a parallel algorithm based on OpenMP, and rewrite the corresponding code. It is shown that the real-time simulation of vehicle dynamic is greatly improved with the new code.