Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of adrenal ganglioneuroma. Methods The clinical data of 8 cases of adrenal ganglioneuromas at our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Amang these 8 cases, 5 tumors were located in the right side while 3 were in the left side. The age was 26 to 67 years old.The mean tumor size was 5.0 cm, ranged from 2.5 cm to 9.7 cm. Results Among these 8 cases, 6 cases were performed laparoscopic adrenalectomy successfully. The other two cases were followed up without surgical intervention. The operative time was 45-120 min and blood loss was 30-450 ml without blood-transfusion. one patient whose inferior vena cava has been injured during the laparoscopic adrenalectomy and finally has been repaired with laparoscope successfully.The patients performed operations all diagnosed as adrenal ganglioneuromas by pathology. Eight cases were followed-up 3 months to 5 years. No patient has tumor recurrence. Conclusions Adrenal ganglioneuroma is a benign neurogenic tumor without specific clinic symptoms. Laparoscopic adrenalec tomy is safe and effective, however great vessels nearby must be protected during the operation.

Objective To compare the stone-free rate and security of stone extractor and lithotomy forceps applied in the ureteroscopic lithotripsy.Methods Totally 45 cases with ureteral stone underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University were enrolled in this study from July 2015 to October 2015,in which the stone extractor applied in 22 cases who were enrolled in the study group,and the traditional lithotomy forceps applied in 23 cases performed by the same surgeon as the control.The data were statistical analysis.The stone-free rate,complains and operation time of both group were analyzed.Results The operations were performed successfully in all cases,without any severe complications.In the extractor group and forceps group,the stone-free rate was 95.4％ and 86.9％ respectively (P＜0.05),the mean operation time was (30±10) min and (58±18) min,and the mean fetching stone time was (15.3±2.7) s and (35.3±10.2)s (P＜0.05),the mean size of fetched stones was (6.2±1.3) mm and (4.3±2.2) mm (P＜0.05).Ureter and urethral mucosa injury occurred in 2 cases in the extractor group and 7 cases in the forceps group arisen from fetching stone.There was no stone slipped from stone extractor,and 13 stones slipped from lithotomy forceps.Conclusions The stone extractor has obvious advantage and was safe in the ureteroscopic lithotripsy.

Objective To generate 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) knockout mice model.Methods The gene knockout mice were constructed by means of transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique.TALEN vectors were constructed targeting sequence of PFKFB3 and the TALEN mRNA was generated by in vitro transcription.Then 0.1 μl mRNA which has been diluted to 50 ng/μl was injected into fertilized C57BL/6 eggs.They were then implanted in ICR female mice for production of F0 generation knockout mouse.To generate homozygote gene knockout mice, 10-weeks-old F0 generation female mice were mated with male.The RNA was extracted from tail tips of mouse pups, then subjected to reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were used as templates for sequencing analysis.Results By means of TALEN technique, three heterozygote PFKFB3 knockout mice (+ /-) of F0 generation were obtained and sequence alignment results showed that the three mice were deleted 10 bp (No.1), 4 bp (No.2) and 1 bp (No.3) in target site, respectively.Due to the embryonic lethality of homozygote (-/-), six heterozygote PFKFB3 knockout mice (+/-) of F1 lines were obtained and showed that 1 bp (No.4 and 5), 4 bp (No.6) and 10 bp (No.7, 8 and 9) were deleted respectively in target site.Conclusion The heterozygote PFKFB3 gene knockout mice (+/-) model has been successfully established.

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA (miRNA, miR)-301a on the growth of human prostate cancer cell xenografts in nude mice promoted by hyperglycaemia.Methods The male BALB/c nude mice were treated with five consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg) to establish the hyperglycaemic nude mice model.Lentivirus vectors were used to construct the miR-301a overexpression vectors (LV-miR-301a) and the negative control, miR-301a inhibitor vectors (LV-miR-301a-inhibitor) and the negative control.Human prostate cancer cells (PC3, 5 × 106) were infected by variours recombinant lentivirus to acquire stable transfection cells.The stable transfection cells were injected subcutaneously into both the hyperglycaemic and the normoglyceamic nude mice to establish the model of human prostate cancer cell xenografts.Tumor growth was monitored regularly for five weeks, and the tumor tissues were harvested from euthanized mice.RNA was isolated and the expression of miR-301a was detected by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Results For the blank PC3-derived xenografs, the expression of miR-301a from the hyperglycaemic mice was (30.83±5.42) times higher than that in the normoglyceamic mice (P ＜ 0.01).The tumor volume (850.46 ± 72.54) mm3 in hyperglycaemic group was significantly larger than that in the normoglyceamic group (430.35 ± 49.56) mm3(P ＜ 0.01) at the termination of the experiment.In the normoglyceamic nude mice, tumor volumes in the PC3-miR-301a group were (925.26 ± 83.43) mm3, significantly larger than those in PC3-miR-control group (461.25 ± 58.74) mm3 (P ＜ 0.01).In the hyperglycaemic nude mice, the tumor size (550.13 ± 55.12) mm3 from PC3-miR-301a-inhibitor xenografts was significantly smaller than PC3-antimiR-NC tumors (830.16 ± 64.86) mm3 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Hyperglycaemia can promote the prostate cancer cell xenografts in nude mice by up-regulating the expression of miR-301a.Inhibition of miR-301a can prevent the promoted effect of hyperglycaemia.

AIM:To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells on renal tubule cells treated by cisplatin.METHODS:The mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)were separated from mouse bone marrow.The necrosis and apoptosis rate of renal tubule cells induced by cisplatin were detected by flow cytometry.After co-culture with MSCs,the above changes of renal tubule cells were detected.RESULTS:In co-culture system,the apoptotic rates of renal tubule cell were decreased obviously and the cell number increased obviously.CONCLUSION:The MSCs protect the renal tubule cells from apoptosis induced by cisplatin.This effect may be related with the paracrine effects of MSCs.

[目的]:探讨原发性肾病综合症患者(PNS)肾组织及尿液单核细胞趋化因子(MCP-1)表达水平及其在肾小管间质损伤中的意义.[方法]用免疫组化法检测56例PNS患者肾组织MCP-1的蛋白表达,ELISA法检测治疗前及治疗后3个月时尿液MCP-1质量浓度.[结果]正常肾组织无MCP-1表达,肾病患者均有不同程度表达,表达部位主要在肾小管上皮细胞与肾间质,肾组织及尿液MCP-1表达水平均显著高于对照组.强的松或强的松+环磷酰胺治疗3个月后尿液MCP-1表达水平显著降低.微小病变患者肾组织及尿液MCP-1表达水平显著低于其它病理类型患者,膜增殖性性肾炎患者显著高于其它类型患者.治疗后未完全缓解患者尿液与肾小管间质MCP-1表达水平显著高于完全缓解患者.肾组织及尿液MCP-1表达水平与肾脏病理类型、肾小管间质病变程度及血清肌酐水平、肌酐清除率显著相关.[结论]MCP-1在PNS患者肾小管间质病变发生机制中起重要作用,检测肾组织及尿液MCP-1表达水平对PNS患者病情、治疗反应、预后判断及病理诊断有一定价值.

目的探讨慢性肾功能不全患者并发真菌感染的临床特点、诱发因素,病原菌特点及诊疗方面的特殊性.方法分析1996年1月～2001年5月间87例慢性肾功能不全并发真菌感染患者的临床资料.结果 87例慢性肾功能不全并发真菌感染病例中,共培养出真菌132例次,其中白色念珠菌占37.8%,热带念珠菌占18.9%,酵母样真菌占28.0%,其他非白色念珠菌占10.6%,曲霉菌占4.5%.感染的发生率与侵入性操作、大剂量长期使用广谱抗生素、长期使用激素、免疫抑制剂、胃肠外营养等有着密切关系.结论各种因素致慢性肾功能不全并发真菌感染发病率高,死亡率高.尿培养阳性提示系统性真菌感染可能性大.