Objective To optimize the extraction technique of total Panax Ginseng sponin.Methods The effets of ethanol concentration,ultrasonic extraction time,the liquid to solid ratio and their interaction on extraction rate were studied by central composite design.The predictive model and reliability of regression equation were developed by SAS software and response surface analysis.Results The optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions through redge analysis were achieved and listed as follows: 64% of ethanol concentration,ultrasonic extraction time 108 min,the liquid to solid ratio 26ml / g.Under the optimum conditions,the extraction yield of total saponin was 5.23%.Conclusion The method of ultrasonic extraction has higher extraction efficiency and less energy consumpted compared with other methods.The chemical change will not happen in the process of extraction because that it is a pure physical method.And the method can provide a scientific basis for the industrial production of the Ginseng saponin extraction.

To optimize the extraction technique for total alkaloids from Bulbus Fritillariae ussurionsis,the effects of ethanol concentration,ultrasonic extraction time,the liquid to solid ratio and their interaction on extraction rate were studied by central composite design.The predictive model and reliability were developed by SAS software and response surface analysis.The optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions were achieved and listed as follows:ethanol concentration 81.4%,ultrasonic extraction time 74.9 min,the liquid to solid ratio 30.9 mL/g,through ridge analysis.Under the optimum conditions,the extraction yield of total xanthones was 0.158%.The necessary technical support was provided by this experimental study for the industrial production of total alkaloids from Bulbus Fritillariae ussurionsis.

In order to study the rule that different growth stages of ginseng saponins in different stem leaf number ginseng how to change.Born three stems,two stems and single stem ginseng of three to four years old as the research object and take ginseng saponins as testing indexes to compare the variation.Acquisition set different stem number and different growth stages of ginseng in Ji ' an.The total content of ginsenosides was determined by using ultraviolet spectrophotometry and the contents of 7 kinds of mono ginsenosides was measured by using HPLC,and then the variation was compared.(1) Ginseng saponins content increased with the growth years.In different birth period,born in three or four years,ginseng in the red fruits had the highest contents of total ginseng saponins,4.46%,4.94%,4.97%,6.69%,5.00% respectively.(2)The ginsenosides contents in different stem ginseng and double stem ginseng were higher than those of in single stem ginseng and three stem the ginseng.(3)There were different monomers in the root of ginsenosides in different period.Overall,at different growth stages,the monomer saponins had the highest content of Rb1 in red fruits.Rb1 was 1.035 mg/g in double stem of four years had;and Rd content was the lowest in wilt period.Rd content was the lowest 0.105 mg/g in single stem of three years.The monomer saponins contents in different stem ginseng and double stem ginseng were higher than those of in single stem ginseng and three stem the ginseng.The ginseng sponins content had close relation with growth period and the number of stem.It suggested that ginseng should do double stem process in plant period,and ginseng should be harvested in the last of red fruits.

Elevated serum homocysteine (Hcys) levels have been suggested to contribute to congenital cardiovascular malformations, neural tube defects, and cardiovascular diseases. To investigate the mechanisms resulting in cardiovascular diseases and birth defects, Kuang-Hueih Chen et al. identified and characterized a novel gene, named rHCY2, whose expression was markedly up-regulated when Hcys was elevated in rat. In vivo, rHCY2 gene could induce chicken embryonic cells apoptosis and embryonic malformations. Its N-terminal kinase domain is apparently similar to human receptor-interacting serine–threonine kinase 3 (hRIP3). In view of this, we hypothesize that a link between the teratogenic effects of Hcys and hRIP3 is theoretically plausible. However, given the lack of data on the topic, it remains to be seen whether an elevated serum Hcys level will increase the expression of hRIP3. Using normal and abnormal human fetal hearts and cultured normal human fetal cardiomyocytes, we show that congenital cardiovascular malformations are associated with the overexpression of hRIP3, and evidence is found for a certain association between overexpression of hRIP3 and homocysteine-induced congenital cardiovascular malformations. Folic acid and anti-hRIP3 antibodies seem to favor maintenance of the shape and ultrastructure of cultured human fetal cardiomyocytes.