Promoting the coordinated development of water resources,the ecological environment,and the socio-economic system provides technical support for enhancing regional economic growth,social progress,ecological harmony,and high-quality development.Based on the modified coupling coordination degree model,this paper evaluated the coupling coordination level of water resources-ecological environment-social economic system in the Hexi Corridor.The gray correlation degree model and Theil index were used to identify the driving factors and spatial heterogeneity.The trend surface was utilized to map the global distribution of the coupling coordina-tion degree.The results showed that:(1)The comprehensive development level of water resources-economy-eco-system driven by economic development increased every year,and the comprehensive development index en-hanced from 0.29 in 2006 to 0.65 in 2021.(2)The coupling coordination degree between the water resources,eco-nomic,and ecological subsystems in the Hexi Corridor showed different trends,and the development of the cou-pling degree of the water resources-ecology-economy system was upgraded from the antagonistic to the running-in stage.The coordination degree experienced five stages of"mild imbalance recession-on the verge of imbalance recession-reluctant coordinated development-primary coordinated development-intermediate coordinated develop-ment".(3)The spatial heterogeneity in the region first increased and then decreased.The spatial distribution re-vealed that the development of the southeast was better than that of the northwest.Jinchang and Zhangye have gradually become the dominant areas of development in Hexi.(4)Urbanization rate,total pollutant discharge,and water-saving irrigation areas played a remarkable role in driving the coupling development of water resources-ecological environment-social economy in the Hexi Corridor.These results have a certain reference-related signif-icance for the coordinated development of the economy-ecology-water resources system in the five cities of the Hexi Corridor.

无资料地区洪峰流量计算分析为水利工程设计、洪涝和地质灾害防治提供技术支撑.文章选取黄土高原典型小流域庙龙沟和榆林沟作为研究对象,采用推理公式法和瞬时单位线法计算2个小流域在不同频率下洪峰流量的适用性,进而计算各频率下的洪峰流量.结果表明:瞬时单位线法计算结果具有合理性,2种方法之间的偏差都可控制在3％以内;流域不同频率下的洪峰流量皆在汇流约1h时产生;同频率下的洪峰流量值庙龙沟>榆林沟;推理公式法计算的洪峰流量大于瞬时单位线法计算的流量峰值.

选取庙龙沟流域威戎镇站、榆林沟流域庄浪站、田家沟流域泾川站逐月、逐年观测数据作为基础资料,采用线性倾向拟合法、累积距平法、滑动平均法、Mann-Kendall突变检验法等分析了黄土高原典型小流域降水量年际变化、年内变化、年代变化和突变特征.结果表明:庙龙沟流域年降水量以0.28 mm/10a的速率增加,榆林沟流域和田家沟流域分别以5.71 mm/10a和15.74 mm/10a的速率减少.降水量年内分配极不均匀,主要集中于7—9月份,期间降水量占年降水量的55％以上;年际呈现不同变化规律和不同极值变化特征;庙龙沟流域降水量发生突变的年份为1969年,榆林沟流域降水量发生突变的年份为1957年和1978年,田家沟流域降水量发生突变的年份为1957年和1969年.

水资源是影响生态环境安全的关键因素,是实现社会经济可持续发展的重要因子.为缓解黄土高原地区水资源短缺现状,提高淤地坝工程水资源利用效率,结合黄土高原地区降水稀少、蒸发量大、分布不均等特点,分析了淤地坝工程存在的水资源需求量大、水资源利用不合理等问题,初步探讨了黄土高原淤地坝工程水资源利用模式,提出拦蓄灌溉、雨水蓄集及地表水和地下水联合利用3种模式,为淤地坝工程水资源高效利用、合理配置提供了科学保障.并建议今后应着重加强对淤地坝工程水资源综合利用、淤地坝水资源管理系统、雨水蓄集利用、淤地坝水资源利用的相关法律法规等方面内容的研究.

基于黄土高原切沟形态特征、切沟影响因子分析,在归纳、总结、梳理切沟相关研究成果基础上,初步探讨了黄土高原切沟关键参数提取方法,介绍了基于无人机摄影测量、QuickBird影像目视解译法、SFM摄影测量法、最优尺度分割和阈值统计优化、高分遥感立体影像的切沟关键参数提取方法,希望能为黄土高原水土流失综合防治提供可借鉴的方法和技术保障.

The study of eco-environmental water requirements is the hotspot of ecology and water science.It is also the basis of the rational allocation and sustainable utilization of water resources.The results of such a study could provide guidance as to the optimal allocation of regional water resources and utilization,and ultimately provide a regional,economical,ecological,and environmental water system of balanced and sustainable development.The eco-environmental water requirements of an arid inland river basin are a key scientific problem facing the reasonable allocation and management of water resources as well as the eco-environmental protection and construction of arid regions.The Shulehe River Basin,as the third largest inland river basin in Hexi Corridor,Gansu province,is an important ecological security barrier for northwestern China.Recently however,increasing human activity and global climate change has led to a series of ecological and environmental issues and water crises in Shulehe River Basin.Specifically,the degenerated vegetation caused a rapid decline of the groundwater water table.In recent years,ecological water requirements have often been overshadowed by the socioeconomic use of water.This led to great changes in the oasis of the middle reaches.The oasis of the middle reaches,as a societal,economical,and human activity main zone,is a vital ecological subject for protection in the Shulehe River Basin.Considering these issues,this study utilized the oasis of the middle reaches of Shulehe River Basin as its study area.Using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology,the results of Thematic mapper /Enhanced Thematic Mapper (TM/ETM) images of the oasis of the middle reaches of the Shulehe River Basin in 1990,2000,and 2013 were selected to be used as basic data in order to study ecological evolution,and determine the ecological protection target of the oasis of the middle reaches of the Shulehe River Basin in 2020 and 2030.According to different types of eco-environmental water requirements in the oasis of the middle reaches of the Shulehe river basin,a quantification model for such water requirements was established and the current status and protection targets of eco-environmental water requirements were estimated.This would provide reference for the rational allocation of regional water resources and the coordinated development of an ecological system.These results indicate that the eco-environmental water requirements of natural vegetation,basic eco-environmental water requirements,transportation sand eco-environmental water requirements,recharge of watercourse seepage water requirements,water surface evaporation eco-environmental water requirements,marsh eco-environmental water requirements and combating salinization of farmlands eco-environmental water requirements of the oasis of the middle reaches of the Shulehe river basin were 1.90×108,0.98×108,1.11×108,0.83×108,0.68×108,2.70×108,0.20×108,2.24×108,0.98×108,1.11×108,0.83×108,0.73×108,3.13×108,0.20× 108 m3 and 2.47×108,0.98×108,1.11 × 108,0.83× 108,0.80× 108,3.71× 108,0.20× 108 m3 in 2013,2020 and 2030,respectively.At the same time,the maximum of eco-environmental water requirements,minimum of eco-environmental water requirements,and optimum eco-environmental water requirements of the oasis of the middle reaches of the Shulehe river basin were 7.42× 108,7.09×108,7.29×108,8.24×108,7.91×108,8.11×108 m3 and 9.12×108,8.79×108,8.99×108 m3 in 2013,2020 and 2030,respectively.The annual variation of eco-environmental water requirement was concentrated mainly from May to August and proportion of cumulative eco-environmental water requirements of the total ecological environment water demand were 58.01％,58.08％ and 58.13％ in 2013,2020 and 2030,respectively.The water requirements of Guazhou County eco-environmental water requirements were relatively greater than those of Yumen City and Dunhuang City.The study results will provide a basis for the management program of Dunhuang water resources reasonable utilization and ecological protection.Additionally,it will be an important source for promoting the research of ecological water rights,allocation of water quantity,and coordinated and sustainable development among ecological protection,reasonable configuration of water resources and economic society in Shulehe river basin.

Based on the calculation for different types of oasis eco-environmental water requirements in middle reaches of Shulehe River,estimated the water requirements scale of oasis eco-environment.The calculated results indicated that the maximal,minimal and the most suitable eco-enviromnrnental water requirements were 7.22 × 108 m3,5.58 × 10s m3 and 7.09 × 10s m3 respectively,which was occupied 46.4-％,35.7 ％ and 45.3 ％ of the gross amount of water esources(15.65 × 10s m3) in middle reaches of Shulehe River respectively.Under the conditions without consider and consider the water requirements for sand transportation,the eco-envimnmental water requirement in Shulehe River was 2.49 × 10s m3 and 2.62 × 10s m3 respectively.However,put forward the management countermeasures for water resources as regulation and management of ecological water requirements base on rational allocaion of water resources,construction of water-saving society,information management technology,laws and regulations and policy system.

Eco-environmental water requirement in arid inland river basin is one of key scientific problems in the reasonable allocation and management of water resources and the eco-environmental protection and construction in arid re-gions .According to different types of eco-environmental water requirement in the middle reaches oasis of Shulehe river basin ,quantification model of eco-environmental water requirement for plain regions of the middle reaches oasis of Shule -he river basin was established and the calculation method of eco - environmental water requirement was put forward .The research result indicated that eco - environmental water requirement of natural vegetation ,basic eco-environmental water requirement ,transportation sand eco-environment water requirement ,recharge of watercourse seepage water requirement , water surface evaporation eco-environmental water requirement ,marsh eco - environmental water requirement were 1 .90 × 108 m3 ,1 .00 × 108 m3 ,1 .11 × 108 m3 ,0 .83 × 108 m3 ,0 .68 × 108 m3 and 2 .70 × 108 m3 in 2013 ,respectively .Ac-cording to environmental status and the aim of ecological protection ,optimal configuration and comprehensive management of water resources would need to be enhanced ,the proportion of ecological water use and agricultural water use ,and con-figuration quantity of water resources in different area and different usage department would be harmonized ,comprehen-sive utilization efficiency of water resources would be heightened in the middle reaches oasis of Shulehe river basin .The recent and future ecological protection and restoration aim will be further established in the middle reaches oasis of Shule -he river basin .The significant zone of ecological governance will be ascertained ,which the threshold and suitable quanti-ty of ecological water requirement were calculated under different protection aim in the middle reaches oasis of Shule river basin .

为了掌握民勤荒漠草地盐生植物群落的季相变化特征,为民勤荒漠草地保护、生产力的恢复与合理利用提供科学依据.采用样线法和样方法对民勤盐渍荒漠草地盐爪爪群落和芦苇群落进行调查,通过对5月、7月和9月调查数据的统计,分析2个群落的组成及季相变化特征.结果表明:民勤荒漠草地盐生植物群落灌木层伴生物种组成相对稳定;盐爪爪群落灌木层和草本层的盖度7月份最大;芦苇群落灌木层和草本层的盖度9月份达到最大.从5月到9月份盐爪爪群落和芦苇群落草本层伴生种组成随季节变化不大,盐爪爪群落草本层植物的种数、盖度和冠幅7月份最大;芦苇群落草本层植物的种数、盖度和冠幅逐渐增大,9月份植物种最多、盖度和冠幅最大,结构变得复杂.这主要是由于民勤盐渍荒漠草地气候特点、植物自身生理生态特性、分布的立地条件的差异所决定的.

加强水土流失综合治理，对改善区域生态环境、促进区域经济社会发展、提高人民群众生活水平、保障国家生态安全具有重大意义。通过分析甘肃黄土高原地区的水土流失特征，探讨了基于宏观调控、生态防护与农业生产、灾害防治与配套设施、梯田建设和小流域综合治理的甘肃黄土高原区水土流失治理模式。并建议今后应进一步加大投入，保障水土流失生态建设项目的实施；继续搞好重点工程建设，推进区域水土保持生态建设；注重产业开发，保证效益持续发挥；加大预防保护力度，强化监督管理工作等。

文章通过对甘肃黄土高原区水土保持生态建设成效、相关做法和措施以及存在问题的分析，提出了相关对策建议与措施，从而为指导同类地区水土保持生态建设和综合治理提供可参考依据。