Microbial electrosynthesis of H2O2 offers a sustainable alternative to the energy- and resource-intensive anthraquinone process, yet existing systems rely on liquid electrolytes that introduce impurities and require downstream purification. Here, we develop a microbial solid-electrolyte electrosynthesis (MSE) system for the production of an electrolyte-free H2O2 solution using porous solid electrolytes (SE). Replacing conventional liquid electrolytes with SE creates a solid-phase ion-conductive interface that facilitates H⁺ transport between the bioanode and cathode, thereby obviating the need for supporting liquid electrolytes. By modulating the ultrapure-water elution flow rate, the MSE system continuously produced an electrolyte-free H2O2 solution at concentrations up to 342.2 mg L⁻1, representing the first demonstration of SE-based H2O2 electrosynthesis driven by bioanode-derived electrons. An overall electron recovery of approximately 54 % was achieved from COD removal to H2O2 formation. Furthermore, coupling MSE-derived H2O2 with far-UVC (222 nm) irradiation established a hybrid MSE-UV222 process that achieved complete removal of 1 mg L⁻1 carbamazepine over three consecutive cycles at a UV222-unit hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 h. Quenching assays combined with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of •OH, •O2-, and 1O2, with •OH dominating the oxidation pathway. Complete removal of 16 representative micropollutants was achieved in both tap water and WWTP secondary effluent, highlighting the hybrid process's applicability across diverse water matrices. This work demonstrates a laboratory-scale, SE-enabled microbial strategy for wastewater energy valorization, upgrading low-grade chemical energy stored in wastewater organics into high value electrolyte-free H2O2 solution via bioelectricity and enabling its direct coupling with far-UVC irradiation for sustainable water purification.

Emerging contaminants (ECs) are widely detected in aquatic environments and remain difficult to remove by conventional water treatment. Herein, we developed a catalyst-free photoreduction system based on 222 nm farUVC (UV222) activation of 2,3-butanedione (BD) for efficient ECs abatement and elucidated its dissolved oxygen (DO)-regulated radical pathways. The UV222/BD system achieved efficient carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation under acidic-to-neutral conditions, with 2 mM BD identified as the optimal dosage. Notably, BD consumed DO and established a pseudo-anoxic environment, enabling the system to maintain high degradation efficiency even without continuous N2 purging, thereby improving practical applicability. Electron spin resonance, radicalquenching experiments and thermodynamic analysis revealed DO-dependent dual pathways, while acetylderived radicals remained the dominant reactive species under both aerobic and anoxic conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and LC-MS identification of transformation products showed that CBZ degradation mainly involved hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds and cleavage or transformation of the amide moiety. In addition, the system showed good tolerance to common water constituents and enabled the simultaneous removal of diverse ECs in real wastewater matrices. This study demonstrates a green and effective ketone-mediated photoreduction strategy driven by 222 nm far-UVC irradiation and provides mechanistic insights into UV222-based advanced reduction processes for water treatment.

The recalcitrant nature of sulfonamide antibiotics in aquatic systems poses significant risks to both ecological stability and public health due to persistent bioaccumulation and the promotion of antimicrobial resistance. To address these challenges, magnetic ZnFe2O4 was synthesized via a urea-assisted solvothermal strategy, followed by controlled interfacial deposition of Bi2S3 to construct a ZnFe2O4/Bi2S3 heterojunction with enhanced charge separation efficiency. The composite exhibited strong visible-light responsiveness and high sodium percarbonate (SPC) activation capability. Under visible light, the heterojunction-activated SPC achieved high-degree mineralization of sulfadiazine (SDZ) within 60 min, with a synergy factor of 2.64. Quenching experiments and in situ electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy identified hydroxyl radicals (center dot OH) and superoxide radicals (& sdot;O2-) as the predominant reactive oxygen species, contributing 94.7 % and 78.3 %, respectively, while singlet oxygen (1O2) and carbonate radicals (center dot CO3-) showed minimal contributions of 3.6 % and 1.6 %. Density functional theory (DFT) and Fukui function analysis identified susceptible C, N, and S atoms in SDZ, while LC-MS detected 12 key transformation products and three degradation pathways, elucidating its molecular fragmentation mechanism. Ecotoxicity evaluation confirmed reduced toxicity of SDZ and intermediates, supporting environmental applicability. Overall, the ZnFe2O4/Bi2S3 heterojunction enabled efficient antibiotic elimination with mechanistic insight and practical value for sustainable water treatment.

The widespread use of plastics has led to significant environmental pollution, but microplastics (MPs) have had a noteworthy impact in this regard and serve as carriers for various toxic pharmaceuticals. Therefore, there is a need to design a water treatment process capable of simultaneously removing MPs and pharmaceuticals. In this study, a novel photocatalytic membrane, composed of a binary C3N4/Bi12O17Cl2 (CN/BOC) heterojunction immobilized on a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane via electrospinning, is developed to address this issue. Comprehensive characterizations confirm the formation of a heterojunction structure that optimizes charge separation and prolongs electron lifetime. The CN/BOC/PAN photocatalytic membrane demonstrates 100 % removal efficiency for 19 out of 20 types of mixed pharmaceuticals within 180 min. Additionally, the membrane converts polylactic acid (PLA) into value-added organic acids, thereby offering a sustainable approach to plastic upcycling. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and Fukui index are employed to identify the active sites for carbamazepine (CBZ) and PLA degradation. This study provides new insights into the photocatalytic removal of pharmaceuticals and MPs, highlighting the potential for remediating water-borne contaminants.

Pyrite-driven autotrophic denitrification (PAD) has been recognized as a promising treatment technology for nitrate removal. Although the occurrence of PAD has been found in recent years, there is a knowledge gap about effects of crystal plane of pyrite on the performance and mechanism of PAD system. Here, this study investigated the effects of crystal planes ({100}, {111} and {210}) of single-crystal pyrite on denitrification performance, electron transfer, and microbial mechanism in PAD system. The removal efficiency of nitrate in B-{210} reached 100%, which was 1.67-fold and 2.86-fold higher than that of B-{100} and B-{111}, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical results indicated that Fe-S bonds of pyrite with {210} crystal plane were more susceptible to breakage by Fe3+ oxidation assault, and leaching microbially available Fe2+ and sulfur intermediates to drive autotrophic denitrification. Metagenomic results suggested that community of functional pyrite-driven denitrifiers varied in response to crystal plane, and abundances of N-S transformation and EET-related microbes and genes in B-{210} notably up-regulated compared to B-{100} and B-{111}. In addition, this work proposed a dual-mode for electron transfer pathway during pyrite oxidation and nitrogen transformation in PAD system. In B-{210}, Fe(II)- and sulfur-driven denitrifiers obtained electron after pyrite oxidation-dissolution, and the enrichment of pyrite-oxidizing bacteria in B-{210} could enhance the electron transfer from pyrite through electron shuttles. This work highlighted that stronger surface reactivity and electron shuttle effect in B-{210} enhanced electron transfer, leading to favorable PAD performance in B-{210}. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the structure-activity relationship between the crystal plane structure of pyrite and denitrification activity in PAD system.

The heterogeneous Fenton-like process using ferric oxide is a promising method for environmental remediation, but the slow regeneration of Fe(II) limits the production of reactive oxygen species. This study developed a prereducing Fenton system in which hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HA) pre-reduced goethite (alpha-FeOOH) before H2O2 addition to degrade sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The degradation rate constant in this system was found to be 2.62 times higher than that of the synchronous Fenton system, where H2O2 and HA were added simultaneously. The faster degradation rate can be attributed to efficient Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling, leading to increased production of center dot OH and center dot O2- radicals. Degradation pathways for SMX were proposed based on eight identified intermediate products, and both acute and chronic toxicity of SMX and its intermediate products were significantly reduced. Anions such as HCO3- and NO3- hindered SMX removal, while SO42- and Cl- had negligible effects. Cyclic tests showed that iron oxide remained stable after four reaction cycles. The pre-reducing Fenton system was also effective in degrading intracellular antibiotic resistance genes, promoting their release into the extracellular environment. To facilitate the practical application of pre-reducing Fenton, HA and alpha-FeOOH were introduced into the aqueous phase of the Electro-Fenton (EF) system to activate the in situ generated H2O2, resulting in the degradation of SMX at a faster rate compared to the shaking flask experiment. Moreover, the use of alpha-FeOOHmodified carbon cloth (CC) (alpha-FeOOH/CC) as the cathode in the EF system demonstrated efficient removal of SMX without the need for exogenous addition of H2O2 and goethite. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of the pre-reducing Fenton system in enhancing SMX removal and its potential for in situ application in the EF system.

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) extraction from waste activated sludge (WAS) during anaerobic digestion has gained prominence for its economic advantages over biogas production. Critical strategies include enhancing WAS solubilization and selectively suppressing methanogens to promote VFA accumulation. The efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA) in dissolving WAS has been demonstrated. However, its selective inhibitory effects remain largely unexplored. This work illustrated that PAA-enhanced anaerobic digestion (PAA-AD) utilising a modest dose of PAA (9 mg PAA/g TSS) within the range of 0-18 mg PAA/g TSS resulted in a 330 % increase in VFA accumulation, with VFA concentration and acetate proportion attaining 3235.5 +/- 60.7 mg COD/L and 74.6 %, respectively. The generation of CH3C(O)OO center dot, center dot OH, center dot O2-, and 1O2 impaired the integrity of cell membranes and induced lipid peroxidation. 9 mg PAA/g TSS treatment significantly reduced microbial cell attraction in WAS, overcoming WAS dispersion's energy barrier via the extended XDLVO theory. This study showed that its biological inactivation effect on VFA consumers is much stronger than VFA producers. 16S rDNA and metagenomic analyses demonstrated that PAA treatment facilitated the selective enrichment of hydrolytic acidogenic bacteria (51.2 %), including Paraclostridium, Macelliibacteroides and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13, while significantly upregulating genes linked to VFA synthesis and downregulating genes associated with methane production. The modulation of Quorum Sensing (QS) and Two-Component Systems (TCS) gene clusters synergistically improved the chemotaxis of aerobic digesting bacteria, facilitating their adaptation to PAA stress. This study introduces a sustainable and economical approach for sludge treatment and resource recovery, designed to meet the carbon neutrality objectives of wastewater treatment plants.

Pyrite autotrophic denitrification (PAD) is a cost-effective and promising method for nitrogen removal from low C/N wastewater. Recent work has primarily focused on experimental schemes to investigate PAD performance, while overlooking the impact of pyrite's origin on its mineral properties and chemical reactivity. Thus, the optimal strategy for selecting pyrite based on the structure-activity relationship between its mineral characteristics and PAD performance remains unclear. In this work, a series of PAD systems were established using natural pyrite from different origins as electron donors. The results showed that the pyrite from Yunfu (B-YPy38 and BYPy48) exhibited the optimal performance, with nitrate (NO3--N) removal rates of 88.56 +/- 0.60% and 72.26 +/- 3.10% after long-term operation, respectively. The distinct nutrient removal efficiency could be attributed to variations in the mineral crystallization habits and electrochemical properties of pyrites from different origins. XPS analysis revealed that the pyrite from Yunfu contained more Fe(III)-S bonds associated with the breakage of pyrite crystal structure, thereby accelerating the "oxidation-dissolution" process of pyrite to produce Fe(II) and S0, thus providing more electron donors for autotrophic denitrifying bacteria (e.g., Rhodanobacter and Thermomonas). Electrochemical analysis further indicated that the stronger Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycling capacity in pyrite from Yunfu might enhance electron shuttling between pyrite and NO3--N. Microbial community analysis revealed that the higher chemical reactivity and electron transfer in YPy38 and YPy48 promote the enrichment of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria. These findings shed new light on understanding microbial processes in PAD systems, offering a theoretical basis for the optimal selection of pyrite to enhance PAD efficiency for further application.

Pyrite-driven autotrophic denitrification (PAD) presents a promising and sustainable process for nitrate removal from aquatic environments, yet its engineering application has been constrained by suboptimal denitrification efficiency. This study demonstrated an innovative hydrogen-annealing strategy to engineer sulfur vacancies (SVs) in pyrite (AH2), achieving breakthrough performance in both nitrogen and phosphorus elimination. The introduction of SVs into pyrite enhanced nitrate removal activity by 28.62 times compared to the pristine pyrite. In addition, the removal efficiencies of nitrate and phosphorus in AH2 group maintained over 99 % after 112d operation. Surface structural characterization revealed that the formation of SVs weakened the Fe-S bond strength in pyrite, promoting electron transfer, oxidation rates, and Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycling within the AH2 system. Microbial community analysis demonstrated that SVs favored the significant enrichment of Fe(II)/sulfurdependent autotrophic denitrifying bacteria such as Thiobacillus in AH2 system. In addition, the occurrence of iron-reducing bacterium (IRB) such as Anaerolinea promoted Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycling, thus prevented cellular crusting and ensured long-term stability of PAD system. Metagenomic results demonstrated that SVs upregulated key functional genes associated with N-S-Fe transformations. This work elucidates structure-activity relationships between crystal defects and PAD performance, provides fundamental insights into electron transfer and NS-Fe transformation in response to SVs of pyrite, and proposes vacancy engineering strategies for optimizing pyrite-based wastewater treatment process in future practical applications.

Membrane distillation (MD), boasting high interception efficiency and low operational pressures, emerges as an innovative membrane technology. However, the occurrence of membrane fouling due to interaction between natural organic matter (NOM) and inorganic ions during the MD process curtails water purification efficiency, thereby constraining its potential applications. To address this quandary, this study integrates sulfate radicalbased advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) into MD technology to bolster membrane fouling control. A straightforward hydrothermal method coupled with vacuum filtration was employed to synthesize a Co3O4/ Nitrogen-modified carbon quantum dots (NCDs)/PVDF (CN-PVDF) membrane for the first time, which was utilized in the MD treatment of simulated humic acid (HA) wastewater. Under visible light irradiation (1.9 kW/ m2), CN-PVDF membrane activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) effectively altered the chemical attributes of the MD feed solution and reduced organic matter concentration. Moreover, it dismantled the carboxyl sites on HA that interact with Ca2+, consequently attenuating the formation of organic-inorganic complex pollutants. The XDLVO analysis showcased that photo-Fenton oxidation led to a diminishment in pollutant hydrophobicity, correlating with a 17.59 kT reduction in pollutant-membrane adsorption and a 7.47 kT amplification in adhesion barriers. This strategy transformed the initial two-stage fouling mode into a singular one, which significantly decreased the flux decline and the fouling layer thickness. Furthermore, the CN-PVDF membrane demonstrated self-cleaning capabilities via photo-Fenton. This study advances an innovative approach to bolster the fouling resistance of MD membranes and provides substantial theoretical support for the integration of SR-AOPs and MD technologies.

Iron-based catalysts have been widely used to treat refractory organic pollutants in wastewater. In this paper, magnetic Co-gamma-Fe(2)O(3 )was synthesized by a facile tartaric acid-assisted hydrothermal method, and Co-gamma-Fe2O3/MoS2 nanocomposite catalyst was obtained via in situ growth of MoS2 nanosheets on Co-gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The nanocomposite catalysts were used to decompose bisphenol A (BPA) by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). It was shown that only 0.15 g/L catalyst and 0.5 mmol/L PMS degraded 10 mg/L of BPA (99.3% within 10 min) in the pH range of 3-9. PMS was activated due to redox cycling among the pairs Co(III)/Co(II), Fe(III)/Fe(II), and Mo(VI)/Mo(IV). Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that both radical and non-radical pathways were involved in BPA degradation, in which active radical sulfate radical and non-radical singlet oxygen were the main reactive oxygen species. Ten intermediates were identified by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry, and three possible BPA degradation pathways were proposed. The toxicity of several degradation intermediates was lower, and Co-gamma-Fe2O3/MoS2 exhibited excellent reusability and could be magnetically recovered.

Pollution from extensive sulfonamide antibiotic use is a critical research focus, particularly in the remediation of these antibiotics using composite materials. This study employed a CuFe2O4/ZIF-8 composite to activate sodium percarbonate (SPC) for the photo-Fenton-like degradation of the sulfonamide antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The optimal conditions for SMX degradation were determined using the CuFe2O4/ZIF-8/SPC/Vis system: a ZIF-8 composite ratio of 40 %, catalyst dosage of 0.15 g/L, SPC concentration of 0.8 mM, and initial pH of 3.0, achieving complete SMX removal within 30 min. After five cycle tests, the leaching rates of copper and iron ions were 0.179 mg/L and 0.376 mg/L, respectively, significantly lower compared to the use of CuFe2O4 alone as the catalyst (Cu: 0.46 mg/L, Fe: 1.43 mg/L). The radicals present in the system were identified, with their contribution rates ranked from highest to lowest as follows: OH > h(+)> O-2(-) > CO3(-) > O-1(2). Further mechanistic investigations revealed that the heterogeneous structures in CuFe2O4/ZIF-8 enhanced the efficiency of the photo-Fenton-like reaction by facilitating electron transfer. This study introduced an innovative approach for antibiotic treatment using the CuFe2O4/ZIF-8 composite under visible light irradiation and broadened the technical framework of SPC-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for treating wastewater.

Membrane distillation technology, utilized for treating hypersaline wastewater from seawater desalination, often encounters challenges related to inorganic scaling, adversely affecting membrane performance. Herein, we introduce a innovative approach employing a sacrificial layer on the surface of Thin Film Composite (TFC) membranes to concurrently enhance inorganic scaling resistance and facilitate membrane reusability. The sacrificial layer (Fe3+-TA) 3 +-TA) consisted of tannic acid (TA) complexed with iron ions (Fe3+) 3 + ) and could be removed and regenerated in situ. The results demonstrated that the Fe3+-TA 3 +-TA layer significantly improved the membrane's surface smoothness and densification, maintaining superior anti-scaling performance. The modified membrane exhibited remarkable durability, sustaining six reuse cycles with a flux recovery exceeding 97 % in gypsum scaling tests. Furthermore, the formation of new complexes during gypsum scaling tests confirmed the membrane's augmented scaling retardation capabilities. Thus, integrating of a sacrificial layer into TFC membranes presents a promising strategy for advancing membrane distillation processes in hypersaline wastewater treatment.

This study evaluated the performance of thiosulfate-driven denitratation (TDD) systems. The results demon-strated that a cycle time of 4.00 h was adequate for NO3 --Nremoval and NO2 --Naccumulation (average NO3 --Nremoval efficiencies (NREs): 95%; average NO3 --Naccumulation efficiencies (NAEs): 79%) under pH range of 6.50-9.50. According to metagenomic research, the enrichment of dominant denitrifiers is essential for the pH responsiveness of the TDD system. Furthermore, interspecific microorganism cooperation and the potential se-lective advantage of NO3 --Nreducing bacteria over NO2 --Nreducing bacteria contributed to a higher NO2 --Naccumulation efficiency. In addition, the results revealed that the reduction in hydraulic loading time (HRT) improved metabolic activities (i.e., energy metabolism). Overall, this study broadened the application potential of the TDD system and enhanced the understanding of microbial niches and the metabolic potential of auto-trophic denitrification from electron transfer and metagenomic insights.

In this work, CoMn2O4 spinel catalyst was used for the first time to activate peroxyacetic acid (PAA) for the degradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotic levofloxacin (LVF). The results showed that the degradation efficiency of CoMn2O4/PAA system reached 93% within 15 min at initial LVF concentration of 20 mg/L. In addition, the bimetallic oxide CoMn2O4 with spinel structure showed significantly higher activation performance than the single metal oxide (Co3O4 and MnO2). The excellent PAA activation performance by CoMn2O4 was attributed to the redox cycles between Co3+/ Co2+, Mn3+/ Mn2+, and Mn4+/ Mn3+, as well as the synergistic interaction between Co and Mn species. Radical quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra results indicated that acetylperoxyl radical (CH3C(O)OO center dot) was the dominant radical species, and this work highlighted that O-1(2) played an important role in non-radical process in PAA-based AOPs for the first time. The production of O-1(2) may be attributed to the interaction between reactive oxygen (O*) and PAA. In addition, the CoMn2O4/PAA system has been proved to have great stability and reusability, and exhibit selective degradation of organic pollutants which contained electron-rich groups. Overall, this work presents perspective for the application of antibiotic remediation by CoMn2O4/PAA process.

Excessive discharge of nutrients from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is an important pollutant source of eutrophic water bodies. In this work, three electrochemically integrated horizontal flow constructed wetlands (E-HFCWs) were developed for advanced nutrients removal from WWTPs effluent with different S/N ratios. In E-HFCWs, PO43-, NO3--N and TN removal percentages at current of 0.2 A and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h did not differ significantly as S/N ratios altered. When fed with low, middle and high concentrations of SO42--S wastewater during this period, PO43--P removal percentages respectively reached 99.3 %+/- 0.9 %, 99.2 %+/- 1.1 % and 99.0 %+/- 1.4 %, NO3--N removal percentages respectively reached 99.5 %+/- 0.5 %, 99.6 %+/- 0.4 % and 99.4 %+/- 0.8 %, and TN removal percentages respectively reached 92.0 %+/- 2.5 %, 90.8 %+/- 3.4 % and 91.2 %+/- 2.7 %. This work highlighted that sulfur cycle played crucial roles in improving nitrogen removal stability as current or HRT decreased in higher S/N ratio groups. The formed sulfur ferrites under higher current or HRT condition served as "electron reservoir", and would resupply electron for denitrification when electron supplied by electrolysis was deficient. In addition, the higher S/N ratio groups allowed significantly lower N2O accumulation, which was accordance with the concept of carbon neutral. Based on metagenome results, the occurrence of more abundant sulfur-oxidizing denitrifying genes and bacteria (e.g., Thiobacillus) in higher S/N ratio groups under lower current or HRT further demonstrated the significant roles of sulfur cycle in stable autotrophic denitrification performance in E-HFCWs. Overall, this work provides perspective on the future practical application for the regulation of nitrogen removal stability enhancement and N2O emission reduction in electrochemically integrated bioreactors.

Trimethoprim (TMP), as a widely used chemotherapeutic antibiotic agent, has caused potential risks to the aquatic environment. In this study, magnetic Co-doped Fe3O4/alpha-FeOOH was fabricated by a facile one-step ageing method and used for activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in TMP degradation. It was found that low catalyst (0.5 g/L) and PMS addition (0.2 mM) led to the high degradation efficiency of TMP (97.2%, k(obs) = 0.11211 min(-1)) over a wide range of pH. The oxidation of active radical (SO4 center dot(-)) and non-radical singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) co-acted on TMP degradation. Besides, PMS was activated through the cycles between Co(II)/Co(III) and Fe (II)/Fe(III). Fifteen degradation intermediates of TMP were identified by LC-MS, and three possible degradation pathways including hydroxylation, demethylation, and cleavage were proposed. The recovered catalysts exhibited high stability and reusability, maintaining 80% TMP removal efficiency with inappreciable metal leaching (0.012 mg/L of Co, 0.113 mg/L of Fe) after six cycles. Besides, the Co-Fe3O4/alpha-FeOOH/PMS system was highly tolerant to inorganic anions and actual water bodies (river water, lake water, tap water, and sewage plant effluent). Overall, this work provided a promising way to the potential application of Fe-based binary metal oxide for PMS activation.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a third-generation fluoroquinolones (FQs) antibiotic, and the occurrence of CIP in the water environment has raised growing concerns owning to its environmental toxicity. In this paper, a novel α-(Fe, Cu)OOH/RGO nanocomposite was synthesized via a one-step reflux method for CIP degradation through a photo-Fenton-like process. When the RGO content was 1 wt

选取福州市世纪蓝景城小区作为基于窄带物联网(NB-IoT)和独立计量区(DMA)技术相结合的小区定量漏损管控试点,NB-IoT智能远传水表采集数据实时传送至漏损平台,根据连续监测数据确定夜间最小流量检测限,及时判断新的漏损点.对漏损维修记录进行归纳分析得知漏损常见形态及分布情况,发现暗漏频发于各栋楼的引入管,评估决策后更换引入管,同时安装NB户表.该试点历经15个月完成改造,改造完成后夜间最小流量稳定在2.5 m3/h以下.平台连续监测12个月的实时数据表明,月真实漏损率均低于5％,居民户均日用水量和居民户均夜间合法用水量之间呈现较显著的线性关系.将NB-IoT和DMA技术相结合可快速且准确地识别漏损点并进行修复,有效控制了管网漏损量,节约水资源量约28×104 m3,能够为小区供水管网定量漏损控制提供借鉴.

The composite alpha-(Fe,Cu)OOH/RGO was synthesized via one-step reflux method. The as-obtained catalyst was analyzed by means of X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other characterization methods. With 30 mg.L-1 ciprofloxacin (CIP) as the target pollutant, the effect of the catalyst obtained under different synthesis conditions on the removal of CIP by H2O2 under visible light was investigated. The results show that alpha-(Fe,Cu)OOH nanorods were grown in situ on two-dimensional graphene sheets. The visible light absorption edge of alpha-(Fe,Cu)OOH/RGO composite material was red-shifted and the band gap was changed from 2.02 to 1.76 eV. Graphene composite could not only enhance the adsorption capacity of pollutants, but also accelerate the separation and transfer rate of photogenerated electrons, as well as improve the efficiency of electron conduction in the reaction system. The best catalytic performance was gained when the composite content (mass fraction) of graphene was 1%. The CIP was completely removed after 120 min when the addition of catalyst was 0.40 g.L-1 and the concentration of H2O2 was 0.10 mol.L-1. The removal efficiency of CIP reached to 90% even after five-time reuse, which indicates that the catalyst has strong catalytic activity and good stability.