Background: Insomnia is a high-incidence complication in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis（MHD）. Auricular therapy can effectively improve sleep with few adverse effects. Acupoint selection affects the impact of auricular therapy. However, there is currently a lack of analysis on the standards of acupoint selection. Our study used data mining technology to investigate the acupoint selection principles and characteristics of auricular therapy for the treatment of MHD-related insomnia. Objective: The objective of the study is to explore the standards of acupoint selection in auricular therapy for the treatment of MHD-related insomnia through data mining technology.Materials and Methods: We searched three English（PubMed, WOS, and Embase） and four Chinese（CNKI, VIP, Wangfang, and CBM）databases for studies on auricular therapy for MHD-related insomnia from self-establishment to November 14, 2022. Results: Eighty-one publications were involved, which included 33 acupoints. The most common auricular points in patients with MHD-related insomnia were the Shenmen, heart, and kidney points. More applications involved the visceral, nervous system, and specific acupoints. Five effective clusters and two clusters were obtained through cluster analysis, including specific auricular points for insomnia, such as the multi-dream area, neurasthenia area, deep sleep point, and anterior ear lobe. Complex network analysis showed that the core auricular acupoint combinations for the intervention of MHD-related insomnia were Shenmen with kidney, Shenmen with heart, heart with kidney, heart with Shenmen, and heart and Shenmen with subcortex. Conclusions: The selection of auricular points for the treatment of MHD-related insomnia was guided by the heart theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Clinical treatment attaches importance to the use of the multi-dream area, neurasthenia area, and other acupoints.

目的 探讨我国临床护理实践指南改编研究的内容、理论框架、改编过程、方法学质量及报告质量.方法 系统检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、医脉通等数据库中以我国护理领域指南改编为主题的文献,检索时限为建库至2021年4月20日,由2名研究者独立筛选、提取数据,采用描述性分析对数据进行合成,采用临床指南研究与评价系统Ⅱ(appraisal of gui-delines for research and evaluationⅡ,AGREEⅡ)工具和临床实践指南报告标准(reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare,RIGHT)对指南的方法学质量和报告质量进行评价.结果 共纳入23篇文献,16篇(69.6％)文献发表于近3年,仅7篇(30.4％)文献报告了基金支持.研究主题方面,15篇(65.2％)文献的主题为疾病及其症状的护理,仅12篇(52.2％)文献报告了改编过程中使用的方法,其中7篇(30.4％)文献采用指南改编方法(guideline adaptation,ADAPTE).方法 学质量评价结果显示,6个领域中平均得分>60％的领域包括范围和目的、参与人员、表达明晰性,得分最低的领域是编辑独立性.报告质量评价结果显示,7个领域中平均得分>4分的领域包括基本信息、背景、推荐意见,得分最低的领域是资金资助与利益冲突声明和管理.结论 我国临床护理实践指南改编研究数量上呈现明显增加的趋势,但改编指南所依据的理论框架与改编指南方法学质量和报告质量欠佳.

Objective To explore the research hotspot and frontier direction of TCM nursing of insomnia and provide reference for the follow-up study of the optimal scheme of TCM nursing of insomnia. Background Insomnia is a common sleep-wake disorder, affects 6–10% of adults and was associated with independent higher risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. TCM Nursing Techniques of insomnia has a long history and has shown a definite impact. However, it's still lack of analysis in the field of the most commonly used and effective techniques, as well as the co-morbidities associated with insomnia. Therefore, the database was searched and analyzed to find effective TCM Nursing Techniques for insomnia and related diseases related to insomnia. Method Randomized controlled trials on the intervention of TCM Nursing Techniques in insomnia were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection and imported into CiteSpace 5.6.R5 visualization software. The works of literature were co-cited by keywords authors and institutions for visual analysis, and the co-morbidities associated with insomnia of TCM Nursing Techniques in literature was extracted manually. The symptoms of co-morbidities associated with insomnia were imported into Cytoscape 3.9.0 software and clustered by CytoHubba. Result As of October 20, 2021, the literature published in the last 20 years from Web of Science Core Collection was screened, and the publication period of the included literature was from 2004 to 2021. From 2016 to now, the total number of articles has been increasing. A total of 146 articles were included, and the highest production year was 2020. There is little cooperation between states, institutions, and authors. China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan) and Hong Kong Polytech University are leading countries and institutions in this area. MYUNGHAENG HUR is the most cited author, and J ALTERN COMPLEM MED is the most cited journal. According to cluster analysis and keyword frequency, auricular therapy, aromatherapy, and acupressure are the three most commonly used techniques. While the top five co-morbidities are fatigue, anxiety, depression, pain and hemodialysis. The three frontier topics and the main research directions are sleep quality, comorbid insomnia and clinical trial design. Conclusion We found that acupressure, aromatherapy, and auricular acupoint therapy are the most commonly used nursing methods of TCM to intervene in insomnia. However, these studies have limitations such as small sample size, lack of objectivity in evaluating sleep quality, and high heterogeneity of intervention measures, which are not conducive to forming TCM clinical nursing guidelines. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt objectified sleep quality evaluation methods, select suitable acupoints according to TCM theories, and design multi-center large-sample clinical trials based on the safety principle of randomized blind control. This study provides an in-depth perspective for insomnia research on TCM Nursing Techniques and includes information for follow-up research on TCM Nursing Techniques of insomnia.

Humans are able to learn to implement novel rules from instructions rapidly, which is termed "instruction-based learning" (IBL). This remarkable ability is very important in our daily life in both learning individually or working as a team, and almost every psychology experiment starts with instructing participants. Many recent progresses have been made in IBL research both psychologically and neuroscientifically. In this review, we discuss the role of language in IBL, the importance of the first trial performance in IBL, why IBL should be considered as a goal-directed behavior, intelligence and IBL, cognitive flexibility and IBL, how behaviorally relevant information is processed in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), how the lateral frontal cortex (LFC) networks work as a functional hierarchy during IBL, and the cortical and subcortical contributions to IBL. Finally, we develop a neural working model for IBL and provide some sensible directions for future research.

近年来随着中医的发展,临床中发现中医适宜技术治疗腰痛的效果良好.《黄帝内经》记载了对于各种腰痛病的治疗方法,本文通过对《黄帝内经》中的腰痛理论、病因病机和取穴以及当前临床中医适宜技术治疗腰痛的现状等方面进行系统总结,为临床中医护理实践的追本溯源及中医护理科研提供了更多的理论依据.

As one of the core executive functions, inhibitory control plays an important role in human life. Inhibitory control refers to the ability to suppress task irrelevant information both internally and externally. Modern cognitive neuroscience has extensively investigated the neural basis of inhibitory control, less is known about the inhibitory control mechanisms in aging. Growing interests in cognitive declines of aging have given raise to the compensation-related utilization of neural circuits hypothesis (CRUNCH). In this review, we survey both behavioral, functional, and structural changes relevant to inhibitory control in aging. In line with CRUNCH, we found that older adults engage additional brain regions than younger adults when performing the same cognitive task, to compensate for declining brain structures and functions. Moreover, we propose CRUNCH could well take functional inhibitory deficits in older adults into account. Finally, we provide three sensible future research directions.

情境是导致证据实施结果存在差异的核心因素,对证据、实施过程和实施者/采纳者影响广泛.介绍了情境相关概念,综述情境测量工具的研制过程、适用对象、测量内容、评分方法、信度、效度及应用现状,旨在为我国学者进行实施性研究的情境评估提供参考.

For most breast cancer (BC) patients who have undergone a mastectomy, the decision whether to proceed with breast reconstruction (BR) is complicated and requires deliberation. Shared decision-making (SDM) helps to address those needs and promote informed value-based decisions. However, little is known about the SDM status for BR in BC patients. This scoping review describes: 1) basic characteristics of studies on BR SDM in BC patients; 2) factors influencing BR SDM in BC patients; 3) experience and perception of BR SDM in BC patients; and 4) outcome measures reported. This review was performed in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley methodology. A total of 5 English and 4 Chinese databases were searched, as well as different sources from grey literature. The data extraction form was developed by referring to the objectives and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF). Data was analyzed using thematic analysis, framework analysis and descriptive statistics, with findings presented in the tables and diagrams. A total of 1481 records were retrieved and 42 of these included after screening. In 21 (21/42, 50%) of the studies, patient decision aids (PDAs) were utilized, and in 17 (17/42, 40.48%) of the studies, the factors influencing the implementation of SDM were explored. Of these 17 studies, the factors influencing the implementation of SDM were categorized into the following: the patient level (17/17, 100%), the healthcare level (2/17, 11.76%) and the organizational and system level (7/17, 41.18%). A total of 8 (19.05%) of the 42 studies focused on patients' experiences and perceptions of SDM, and all studies used qualitative research methods. Of these 8 studies, a total of 7 (7/8, 87.50%) focused on patients' experiences of SDM participation, and 4 (4/8, 50.00%) focused on patients' perceptions of SDM. A total of 24 studies (24/42, 57.14%) involved quantitative outcome measures, where 49 items were divided into three classifications according to the outcomes of ODSF: the quality of the decision (17/24, 70.83%), the quality of the decision-making process (20/24, 83.33%), and impact (13/24, 54.17%). Although researchers have paid less attention to other research points in the field of SDM, compared to the design and application of SDM interventional tools, the research team still presents some equally noteworthy points through scoping review. For instance, the various factors influencing BC patients' participation in SDM for BR (especially at the healthcare provider level and at the organizational system level), patients' experiences and perceptions. Systematic reviews (SRs) should be conducted to quantify the impact of these different factors on BR SDM. Implementation of scientific theories and methods can inform the exploration and integration of these factors.