The period-3 behaviors of 105 exons from 20 genes in human were studied by Fourier power spectrum. The results indicated that not all exons show the period-3 behavior. The exons were adjusted in order to make them accord with the order of the protein translated, and we found that the period-3 character is relation to the length of exons and the bases distribution in the three codon position. Furthermore, as long as the exons with period-3 behavior accord with the order of protein translated, they would exhibit the synonymous codons usage preference, and the codons with g/c at the third position are used in higher frequency. The results are significant to the gene prediction and the research on the introns.

It is well-known that base sequences in the protein-coding regions of DNA molecules exhibit a period-3 behavior, which is the theoretical basis of gene prediction. In this work, period-3 behavior of the exons was studied by power spectrum, and the results showed that many exons had no period-3 behavior. After these exons in gene were connected to code proteins, the long coding-protein sequences then displayed the period-3 behavior. The period-3 behavior is related to the distribution of bases and the synonymous codons usage. Each exon was adjusted to make it accord with the translation order, and it has been found that the synonymous codon usage preference is another character of exons. These conclusions would be significant to gene prediction and the study on introns.

A novel method based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and cross-covariance for revealing the evolution of species at different spatial resolutions is presented. The trypsin proteins of different species are chosen as an example to describe the evolution relationship according to the evolution vectors by using this method. The results indicated that this method is a promising approach to reveal species evolution at different spatial resolutions.

A method based on capillary electrophoresis with a high frequency conductivity detection was developed for the determination of Sinomenine. The key factors for separation and determination were studied and the best analysis conditions were obtained. In the buffer of 2. 0 mmol/L HAc-3- 0 mmol/L NaAc-10- 0% CH3OH at a separation voltage of 22 kV, Sinomenine in the sample could be separated and detected within 4 min. The linear mass concentration of Sinomenine is in the range of 1. 0-36. 0 mug/mL, the limit of detection reached 0. 20 mug/mL. The method was used for the analysis of Sinomenine in Sinomenium acutum and tablets satisfactorily with a recovery of 96%-102%.

For the first time, this paper presents spline wavelets application to step; voltammetry signals. The method has advantages as follows: taking short time to deal with all data, having no necessary to find:the relations with variables in any other systems, handling the target functions and initial conditions directly from sample data and obtaining few data necessarily. Some reasonable noises are added to the theoretical data. Signal-to-noise ratio varies from 0.1 to 100. The result is satisfactory and exciting even if the S/N ratio decreases to 0, 15, Experimental data from a low concentration of Ti(VI)-H2C2O4 and W(VI) + Mo(VI)-HAPP-KClO3 system are utilized to demonstrate the application of wavelet analysis. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental results is excellent,

In this paper, spline least square method (SLSM) was introduced into Step Voltammetry to deal with discrete data containing strong white noise. The mathematical principle of SLSM was described in detail and the effect of treating various type of digtal signal with strong white noise was discussed. In this method, the problem how to choose target function is neglect and many kinds of complex non-linear curve fitting become acceptable. Testing it with thoeretical and experimental data, it shows SLSM would be the best method in handling discrete data, it can give satisfactory results even if the signal-noise ratio is as low as 0.33.