1. Previous studies have shown that more yolk corticosterone is found in the eggs of random bred Japanese quail hens implanted with corticosterone during egg formation; both unstressed and stressed quail hens selected for exaggerated (high stress) rather than reduced (low stress) plasma corticosterone response to brief restraint deposit more corticosterone into their egg yolks. The length of egg incubation is also known to be shorter in eggs laid by high than low stress hens. 2. Here we investigated the interactive effects of quail stress line (low vs. high stress) with maternal corticosterone treatment (empty implant controls vs. corticosterone-implants) during egg formation on length of egg incubation. 3. Mean (+/-SEM) length of egg incubation for high stress control eggs (3973 +/- 04 h) was similarly shorter (by about 4.5 h) than that found for low stress control eggs (3928 +/- 02 h). In addition, on average, the incubation length of eggs laid by corticosterone-implanted hens (3929 +/- 05 h) was nearly 3 h shorter than that found for eggs laid by control hens (3958 +/- 02 h) regardless of stress line. 4. Line x hen-implant treatment effects on mean (+/-SEM) length of egg incubation partitioned in rank order as follows: low stress control (3978 +/- 05 h) > low stress corticosterone-implant (3959 +/- 07 h) > high stress control (3938 +/- 03 h) > high stress corticosterone-implant (3912 +/- 04 h). 5. Our original contention that selection for exaggerated adrenocortical responsiveness is associated with a reduction in the length of egg incubation was supported. Because maternal stress-induced elevations of yolk B are known to occur, the present findings of further shortenings of the hatching times of eggs of corticosterone-treated hens of both stress lines are also important to the poultry industry because they warn producers that unless stress in hens during egg formation is minimised, abbreviated egg incubation periods may result beyond the effects that a hen's genetic predisposition to adrenocortical stress responsiveness has on the length of egg incubation.

We extended past research that focused on the relation between family conflict and preadolescents' depressive and anxiety symptoms. In a sample of 160 11- to 12-year-olds, we examined whether private religious practices moderated the relations between family conflict and preadolescents' depressive and anxiety symptoms. Although preadolescents' depressive and anxiety symptoms were not significantly associated with their private religious practices, preadolescents' private religious practices moderated the relations between: (a) both mother- and preadolescent-reported family conflict and preadolescents' anxiety symptoms; and (b) both mother- and preadolescent-reported family conflict and preadolescents' depression symptoms. The relation between family conflict and depression and anxiety symptoms was significantly stronger for preadolescents low, versus high, in their private religious practices. Preadolescents' sex was not differentially related to these findings. Results highlight the role that private religious practices may play in moderating the relation between family conflict and preadolescents' internalizing symptoms. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Increased fearfulness has been associated with adrenocortical activation. Maternal corticosterone (B) treatment increases egg B, and elevated B in ovo enhances chick avoidance of humans. Quail selected for exaggerated (high stress, HS) rather than reduced (low stress, LS) plasma B response to stress are more fearful, and more B is found in HS hen eggs. Thus, we used tonic immobility (TI) and hole-in-the-wall box (HWB) emergence tests to assess fear in chicks hatched from eggs of LS and HS hens implanted with B or no B (CON). The number of inductions required to attain TI, latency to first alert head movement, and duration of TI were determined in one study and the latency until first vocalization (LATVOC), numbers of vocalizations (VOCS), proportions of chicks vocalizing, and the latencies to head (HE) and full-body (FE) emergence from a HWB were assessed in another. The LS chicks required less inductions (P < 0.0005) and had shorter latency to first alert head movement (P < 0.02) than HS chicks, although the duration of TI was unaffected by any of the treatments. During the acclimation period of the HWB tests, more (proportions of chicks vocalizing; P < 0.0001) HS chicks alarm-called sooner (LATVOC; P < 0.0001) and more often (VOCS; P < 0.0001) than did LS chicks, and, although maternal implant treatment did not affect LATVOC, progeny of B-implanted hens showed a tendency toward less (P < 0.07) VOCS than the CON. Chicks hatched from eggs of B-implant mothers also took longer to achieve HE (P < 0.06) and FE (P < 0.05) from the HWB than did their CON counterparts. Stress line, implantation treatment, and their interaction did not alter HE or FE responses. The data suggest that quail stress line genome may or may not be affecting certain fear and alarm responses in chicks via the same mechanism(s) that underlies how elevating maternal B increases egg levels of B that in turn alters the fear behavior of progeny.

Combustion modifications to minimize NOX emissions have magnified the importance of waterwall corrosion in coal‐fired boilers. The physics and chemistry controlling corrosion processes can be highly non‐linear and are challenging to describe in terms of their likely overall combustion behavior. This paper describes the application of a multi‐point, real time corrosion surveillance system to a large boiler firing high sulfur coal. This technology, incorporating electrochemical sensing and wireless signal transmission, enables combustion engineers and plant operating personnel to make informed decisions regarding the quantitative relationships between operating conditions, NOX emissions, and any resultant extent/magnitude of waterwall corrosion.

Coal continues to be one of the principal energy sources for electric power generation in the United States. One of the biggest environmental challenges involved with coal utilization is the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}) formed during coal combustion. The most economical method of NO{sub x} abatement in coal combustion is through burner modification. Air-staging techniques have been widely used in the development of low-NO{sub x} pulverized coal burners, promoting the conversion of NO{sub x} to N{sub 2} by delaying the mixing in the fuel-rich zone near the burner inlet. Previous studies have looked at the mechanisms of NO{sub x} evolution at relatively low temperatures where primary pyrolysis is dominant, but data published for secondary pyrolysis in the pulverized coal furnace are scarce. In this project, the nitrogen evolution behavior during secondary coal pyrolysis will be explored. The end result will be a complete model of nitrogen evolution and NO{sub x} precursor formation due to primary and secondary pyrolysis.

This paper discusses the use of a reacting CFD model to determine chalcopyrite kinetics in a drop tube furnace and to predict the reaction of a chalcopyrite concentrate in the reaction shaft of an industrial smelter. Reacting CFD codes can be applied to determine the consequences of the interaction of gas with particles and therefore improve the ability to derive kinetic parameters that take into account the temperature and oxidation histories that different particles will see. This paper describes the application of such a model to derive improved kinetic parameters for the pyrolysis and oxidation of chalcopyrite. The reaction shaft model includes the effects of turbulent fluid mechanics, entrained flow mixing, turbulent particle dispersion, heterogeneous particle reactions, radiative and convective heat transfer, and surface and bath deposition rates. Particle reaction and composition characteristics are predicted as a function of particle trajectory and deposition and are used to aid in evaluating shaft performance.

Reaction Engineering International (REI) has established a project team of experts to develop a technology for combustion systems which will minimize NO x emissions and minimize carbon in the fly ash. This much need technology will allow users to meet environmental compliance and produce a saleable by-product. This study is concerned with the NO x control technology of choice for pulverized coal fired boilers,"in-furnace NOx control," which includes: staged low-NOx burners, reburning, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and hybrid approaches (e.g., reburning with SNCR). The program has two primary objectives: 1) To improve the performance of "in-furnace" NOx control, processes. 2) To devise new, or improve existing, approaches for maximum "in-furnace" NOx control and minimum unburned carbon. The program involves: 1) fundamental studies at laboratory- and bench-scale to define NO reduction mechanisms in flames and reburning jets; 2) laboratory experiments and computer modeling to improve our two-phase mixing predictive capability; 3) evaluation of commercial low-NOx burner fuel injectors to develop improved designs, and 4) demonstration of coal injectors for reburning and low-NOx burners at commercial scale. The specific objectives of the two-phase program are to: 1 Conduct research to better understand the interaction of heterogeneous chemistry and two phase mixing on NO reduction processes in pulverized coal combustion. 2 Improve our ability to predict combusting coal jets by verifying two phase mixing models under conditions that simulate the near field of low-NOx burners. 3 Determine the limits on NO control by in-furnace NOx control technologies as a function of furnace design and coal type. 5 Develop and demonstrate improved coal injector designs for commercial low-NOx burners and coal reburning systems. 6 Modify the char burnout model in REI's coal combustion code to take account of recently obtained fundamental data on char reactivity during the late stages of burnout. This will improve our ability to predict carbon burnout with low-NOx firing systems.

Journal of Food ScienceVolume 40, Issue 6 p. 1229-1231 EFFECT OF GAS ATMOSPHERES ON MICROBIAL GROWTH, COLOR AND pH OF BEEF D. L. HUFFMAN, D. L. HUFFMAN Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this authorK. A. DAVIS, K. A. DAVIS Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this authorD. N. MARPLE, D. N. MARPLE Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this authorJ. A. McGUIRE, J. A. McGUIRE Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this author D. L. HUFFMAN, D. L. HUFFMAN Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this authorK. A. DAVIS, K. A. DAVIS Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this authorD. N. MARPLE, D. N. MARPLE Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this authorJ. A. McGUIRE, J. A. McGUIRE Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1975 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1975.tb01058.xCitations: 51 The authors express appreciation to W.R. Grace and Co., Cryovac Div., for financial assistance and to Mrs. Lillian Southwell for expert technical assistance. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume40, Issue6November 1975Pages 1229-1231 RelatedInformation

Journal of Food ScienceVolume 40, Issue 6 p. 1222-1224 EFFECT OF MECHANICAL TENDERIZATION, AGING AND PRESSING ON BEEF QUALITY K. A. DAVIS, K. A. DAVIS Dept. of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830 W.R. Grace and Co., Cryovac Division, Duncan, SC 29334Search for more papers by this authorD. L. HUFFMAN, D. L. HUFFMAN Dept. of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this authorJ. C. CORDRAY, J. C. CORDRAY Dept. of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this author K. A. DAVIS, K. A. DAVIS Dept. of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830 W.R. Grace and Co., Cryovac Division, Duncan, SC 29334Search for more papers by this authorD. L. HUFFMAN, D. L. HUFFMAN Dept. of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this authorJ. C. CORDRAY, J. C. CORDRAY Dept. of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1975 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1975.tb01056.xCitations: 30 Financial support from Bettcher Industries, Vermilion, Ohio and W.R. Grace and Co., Cryovac Div., Duncan, SC 29334 is acknowledged with appreciation. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume40, Issue6November 1975Pages 1222-1224 RelatedInformation

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 227, Issue 1 p. 504-520 STRUCTURE OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM*† Y. Hatefi, Y. Hatefi Department of Biochemistry Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation La Jolla, California 92037Search for more papers by this authorW. G. Hanstein, W. G. Hanstein Department of Biochemistry Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation La Jolla, California 92037Search for more papers by this authorK. A. Davis, K. A. Davis Department of Biochemistry Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation La Jolla, California 92037Search for more papers by this authorK. S. You, K. S. You Department of Biochemistry Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation La Jolla, California 92037Search for more papers by this author Y. Hatefi, Y. Hatefi Department of Biochemistry Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation La Jolla, California 92037Search for more papers by this authorW. G. Hanstein, W. G. Hanstein Department of Biochemistry Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation La Jolla, California 92037Search for more papers by this authorK. A. Davis, K. A. Davis Department of Biochemistry Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation La Jolla, California 92037Search for more papers by this authorK. S. You, K. S. You Department of Biochemistry Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation La Jolla, California 92037Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1974 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb14413.xCitations: 21 † This work was supported by United States Public Health Service grants AMO8126 and CA13609 to Y. Hatefi, and by United States Public Health Service grant GM19734 and San Diego Heart Association Grant-in-Aid No. 108 to W. G. Hanstein. Dr. Hanstein is the recipient of United States Public Health Service research career development award 5-K4-GM38291. ‡ Abbreviations: Q and QH2= oxidized and reduced ubiquinone respectively; ETP and ETPH= nonphosphorylating and phosphorylating submitochondrial particles prepared by sonication respectively; AP-DPN=3-acetylpyridine DPN; PMS=phenazine methosulfate; TMPD=N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl phenylenediamine; SDS=sodium do-decyl sulfate; and epr=electron paramagnetic resonance. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Hatefi, Y., A. G. Haavik & D. E. Griffiths 1961. Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 4: 441–446 and 447–453. 2 Hatefi, Y. 1966. Comprehensive Biochem. 14: 199–231. 3 Hatefi, Y. 1965. Clin. Chem. 11: 198–212. 4 Hatefi, Y. & K. E. Stempel 1967. Biochem Biohpys. Res. Commun. 26: 301–308. 5 Davis, K. A. & Y. Hatefi 1969. Biochemistry 8: 3355–3361. 6 Hatefi, Y. & K. E. Stempel 1969. J. Biol. Chem. 244: 2350–2357. 7 Hatefi, Y., K. E. Stempel & W. G. Hanstein 1969. J. Biol. Chem. 244: 2358–2365. 8 Hatefi, Y. & W. G. Hanstein 1973. Biochemistry 12: 3515–3522. 9 Hatefi, Y. 1968. Proc Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 60: 733–740. 10 Orme-Johnson, N. R., W. H. Orme-Johnson, R. E. Hansen, H. Beinert & Y. Hatefi 1971. Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 44: 446–452. 11 Hanstein, W. G., K. A. Davis, M. A. Ghalambor & Y. Hatefi 1971. Biochemistry 10: 2517–2524. 12 Davis, K. A. & Y. Hatefi 1972. Arch Biochem. Biophys. 149: 505–512. 13 Hatefi, Y. & W. G. Hanstein 1969. Proc Nat. Acad. Sci. 62: 1129–1136. 14 Hanstein, W. G., K. A. Davis & Y. Hatefi 1971. Arch Biochem. Biophys. 147: 534–544. 15 Singer, T. P. 1966. Comprehensive Biochem. 14: 127–198. 16 Kino, T. E. 1966. Advan. Enzymol. 28: 155–236. 17 Davis, K. A., Y. Hatefi, K. L. Poff & W. L. Butler 1972. Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 46: 1984–1990. 18 Rieske, J. S., H. Baum, C. D. Stoner & S. H. Lipton 1967. J. Biol. Chem. 242: 4854–4866. 19 Rieske, J. S., D. H. MacLennan & R. Coleman 1964. Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 15: 338–344. 20 Chance, B., D. F. Wilson, P. L. Dutton & M. Erecińska 1970. Proc Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 66: 1175–1182. 21 Davis, K. A., Y. Hatefi, K. L. Poff & W. L. Butler 1973. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. In press. 22 Hommes, F. A. 1963. In Energy-Linked Functions of Mitochondria. B. Chance, Ed.: 39–49. Academic Press Inc. New York , N.Y . 23 Ernster, L., C.-P. Lee & U. B. Torndal 1969. In Energy Level and Metabolic Control in Mitochondria. S. Papa & J. M. Tager & E. Quagliariello & E. C. Slater, Eds.: 439–451. Adriatica Editrice. Bari , Italy . 24 Kaplan, N. O. 1972. Harvey Lectures 66: 105–133. 25 Hatefi, Y. 1973. Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 50: 978–984. 26 Hatefi, Y. 1973. In Dynamics of Energy-Transducing Membranes. L. Ernster & R. W. Estabrook & E. C. Slater, Eds. Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam , The Netherlands . In press. 27 Siegel, J. M., G. A. Montgomery & R. M. Bock 1959. Arch Biochem. Biophys. 82: 288–299. 28 Hanstein, W. G. 1972. Federation Proc. 31: 415 (abstr.). 29 Hanstein, W. G. & Y. Hatefi 1973. J. Biol. Chem. In press. 30 Kearney, E. B. 1960. J. Biol. Chem. 235: 865–877. 31 Massey, V. 1957. J. Biol. Chem. 229: 763–770. 32 Bernath, P. & T. P. Singer 1962. Methods Enzymol. 5: 597–614. 33 King, T. E. 1964. Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 16: 511–515. 34 Kino, T. E. 1963. J. Biol. Chem. 238: 4032–4036. 35 Davis, K. A. & Y. Hatefi 1971. Biochemistry 10: 2509–2516. Citing Literature Volume227, Issue1The Mechanism of Energy Transduction in Biological SystemsFebruary 1974Pages 504-520 ReferencesRelatedInformation

The 200-fold purification of glyoxaiase I (EC 4.4.1.5) from calf liver is described. This enzyme exhibits two marked anomalies in its kinetic behavior. There is an initial lag phase of a few seconds, and the plot of velocity versus enzyme concentration is nonlinear, reaching a plateau value. These features are correlated with the kinetics of formation of the hemimercaptal of glutathione and methylglyoxal, suggesting that this adduct is the true substrate of glyoxaiase I.

Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General EntomologyVolume 22, Issue 1-3 p. 3-4 NOTES ON URTICATING LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE BECOMING OF SOME LOCAL MEDICAL IMPORTANCE K. A. Davis MSc., F.R.E.S., K. A. Davis MSc., F.R.E.S.Search for more papers by this author K. A. Davis MSc., F.R.E.S., K. A. Davis MSc., F.R.E.S.Search for more papers by this author First published: May 1947 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1947.tb01093.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume22, Issue1-3May 1947Pages 3-4 RelatedInformation

Few new coal-fired power plants will be constructed in developed countries in the near future. However, as coal will continue to provide more than one-third of electricity generation worldwide and restrictions on NOx emissions are becoming increasingly more stringent, the impact of low NOx combustion modifications on existing units is an important issue affecting cost and reliability of power production. This paper illustrates the ability of using computational simulations for evaluating and controlling the effects of low NOx retrofits. In particular, these simulations were used to understand the controlling parameters for carbon in ash levels for several different types of boilers. Specific strategies are then proposed and evaluated for reducing these levels. Motivation Many coal-fired boilers retrofitted with low NOX firing systems are experiencing significant operational difficulties due to (1) increased carbon in the fly ash or (2) increased water wall wastage (1,2,3). This paper presents the highlights of several programs aimed at providing insight and solutions for a variety of coal-fired boiler configurations that have recently been retrofitted with low NOx furnace modifications and have experienced difficulties with carbon in fly ash. The focus of this paper is the effect of the retrofit on unburned carbon/NOx and the potential for applying operational and design modifications to minimize unburned carbon without adversely impacting NOx emissions. Although the magnitude of an increase in unburned carbon after a low NOx retrofit is system and coal dependent, it is often the case that a reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the amount of unburned carbon in fly ash. Figure 1 illustrates this for a recent retrofit of a 500MW opposed wall fired unit. During the retrofit, the burners were replaced with Foster Wheeler's Controlled-Flow/Split-Flame (CF/SF) burner. In addition, an advanced overfire air (AOFA) system was installed. This consists of an independent

A three-dimensional, two-phase reacting flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code has been used to model the combustion processes in a coal-fired stoker furnace as a design aid in the evaluation of NOx reduction technologies. A validated spreader stoker combustion model has been incorporated to evaluate the NOx reduction potential of flue gas recirculation (FGR) and water injection strategies in two industrial furnaces. Models for particle in-flight and on-bed combustion including fragmentation and re-entrainment have been included. The modeling results indicate significant information to consider for potential NOx improvements.