The running coupling constant is calculated using the imaginary time formalism (ITF) of thermal field theory under the self-energy approximation. In the process, each Feynman diagram in thermal field theory is rewritten as the summation of non-thermal diagrams with coefficients that are functions of mass and temperature. By employing the same mass scale and coupling constant for both the non-thermal QFT and ITF, we derive a relation between them. Also, we calculate the self-energy using ITF, which is equated to the same as that of non-thermal QFT under the zero external momentum limit. This can provide a new expression for the coupling constant. Combining this result with the β(g) and γ_m(g) function relations of the renormalization group equations gives rise to a thermal-dependent coupling constant and running mass. Using these results, the free energy density is evaluated for two-loop order and compared with quasiparticle model.

Background: The relevance of including channel coupling effects in the form of target deformation and vibration in fusion reactions has been well established. Many reactions with positive $Q$ values for neutron transfer show enhancement in sub-barrier fusion cross sections. However, there are exceptions to these cases.Purpose: We aim to make a comprehensive list of factors influencing the sub-barrier fusion enhancement in systems with neutron transfer channels having positive $Q$ values.Method: Evaporation residue cross sections were measured for $^{18}\mathrm{O}+^{182,184,186}\mathrm{W}$ reactions in the energy range $68--104$ MeV in the laboratory frame, using a recoil mass spectrometer.Results: Inclusion of deformation of target and projectile low-level excitations in the coupled channels calculations explains the measured fusion excitation functions of $^{18}\mathrm{O}+^{182,184,186}\mathrm{W}$ reactions.Conclusions: Considering that all the targets have similar deformation, and comparing with $^{16}\mathrm{O}+^{182,184,186}\mathrm{W}$ reactions having negative $2n$ transfer $Q$ values, we can conclude that the positive $Q$ values of neutron transfer channels have no effect on the observed fusion cross sections of $^{18}\mathrm{O}+^{182,184,186}\mathrm{W}$ reactions.

Using the imaginary time formalism in thermal field theory, we derive the running coupling constant and running mass in two loop order. In the process, we express the imaginary time formalism of Feynman diagrams as the summation of nonthermal quantum field theory (QFT) Feynman diagrams with coefficients that depend on temperature and mass. Renormalization constants for thermal phi 4 theory were derived using simple diagrammatic analysis. Our model links the nonthermal QFT and the imaginary time formalism by assuming both have the same mass scale mu and coupling constant g. When these results are combined with the renormalization group equations and applied simultaneously to thermal and nonthermal proper vertex functions, the coupling constant and running mass with implicit temperature dependence are obtained. We evaluated pressure for scalar particles in two loop orders at the zero external momentum limit by substituting the running mass result in the quasiparticle model.

Background: The relevance of including channel coupling effects in the form of target deformation and vibration in fusion reactions has been well established. Many reactions with positive Q values for neutron transfer show enhancement in sub-barrier fusion cross sections. However, there are exceptions to these cases. Purpose: We aim to make a comprehensive list of factors influencing the sub-barrier fusion enhancement in systems with neutron transfer channels having positive Q values. Method: Evaporation residue cross sections were measured for O-18+W-182,W-184,W-186 reactions in the energy range 68-104 MeV in the laboratory frame, using a recoil mass spectrometer. Results: Inclusion of deformation of target and projectile low-level excitations in the coupled channels calcula- tions - explains the measured fusion excitation functions of O-18+W-182,W-184 ,W-186 reactions. Conclusions: Considering that all the targets have similar deformation, and comparing with O-16+W-182,W-184,W-186 reactions having negative 2n transfer Q values, we can conclude that the positive Q values of neutron transfer - channels have no effect on the observed fusion cross sections of O-18+W-182,W-184,W-186 reactions.

Spheroidal Graphite (SG) Iron is mainly used for engineering and structural applications because of its good ductility and low cost. The property of the SG iron depends on the nodularity of the graphite. The nodularity of the graphite is achieved by inoculation during pouring process. The nodularity mainly depends on the pouring temperature and holding time of the molten metal. The nodularity of the SG iron castings is usually measured by metallography which is a sampling and destructive method. Another way of measuring nodularity is through a non-destructive method, commonly known as ultrasonic testing (ASTM E-494-15). It is carried out by measuring the change in the velocity of the ultrasonic waves during their propagation in the castings. But there are other factors which may cause a change in the velocity of ultrasonic waves like casting wall thickness variation, change in testing frequency, search unit diameter. Hence, it is recommended to measure the nodularity of the castings without changing the velocity of the ultrasonic wave. In this regard, an attempt is made in this work to measure the nodularity of the SG Iron from the displacement of back wall echo value measurement without changing the velocity of the ultrasonic waves. The results obtained from this proposed ultrasonic technique was compared with conventional metallographic analysis. A new methodology for nodularity measurement of the castings was found and it would be useful for industrial applications since it is accurate and less time consuming compared to other methods. Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) is an Indian state-owned steel manufacturing company which runs the Salem Steel Plant (SSP). SSP is pioneer in the supply of wider width stainless steel sheets and coils in India. The plant can produce austenitic, martensitic, ferritic and low-nickel stainless steel in the form of sheets and coils. The total installed capacity is 70,000 tonnes and 3,64,000 tonnes per year in cold rolling mill and hot rolling mill respectively. In addition to the above, SSP has India's first top-of-the-line stainless steel blanking facility for coin or utility blanks. SSP is equipped with three major units namely steel melting shop (SMS), hot rolling mill (HRM) and cold rolling mill (CRM). Hot rolling mill of salem steel plant is basically designed to roll stainless steel slabs. The various facilities of hot rolling mill include reheating furnace, roughing mill, steckel mill or finishing mill, down coiler and roll shop. This paper mainly discuss about the various improvement measures that are adopted to enhance the productivity and quality of hot rolling mill in SSP.

This paper presents the performance enhancement of multifunctional cooking stove with thermal energy storage. The stove consists of cooking pot and thermoelectric generator attached on wall the stove with thermal storage unit on the hot side. An experimental is conducted and found the efficiency of the biomass stove as 20% and combined mode 50%. It is concluded that the proposed system can be used as standalone power generation system to meet power demands at isolated rural house and it will reduce the burden to conventional grid suppliers.