HOClO and HClO2 were produced by addition of hydrogen atoms to OClO on the surface of growing argon matrices at 17 K. They were identified using infrared spectroscopy. Their photodecomposition spectra were measured.

The UV and IR absorption spectra of the ClClO molecule in argon matrices have been studied. An estimate of its UV absorption cross section is given. It has a maximum value of 1.3 x 10(-17) cm(2)/molecule at 260 nm. The intensities of the infrared bands of ClClO and ClOCl have been determined.

High yields of ClO radicals were obtained by pulse radiolysis of Cl2O/Cl2 mixed with Ar, SF6, or CO2 as bath gases. The kinetics of ClO was studied directly by monitoring the transient absorption signals at 277.2 nm. ClO was found to decay towards an equilibrium concentration in accordance with the reversible reaction ClO + ClO + M reversible Cl2O2 + M. The rate constants of the forward and reverse reactions were derived by computer modelling of the experimental curves. The rate constant of the forward reaction was found to be pressure-dependent, and the following values were obtained at a total pressure of 1 bar and with different third bodies at 295 K: K2f = (2.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(-13) (M = Ar), (4.4 +/- 0.9) x 10(-13) (M = SF6) and (4.7 +/- 0.9) x 10(-13) (M = CO2) in units of cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Based on computer simulations of the observed relaxation kinetics a value of the equilibrium constant at 295 K, K(eq) = (6.4 +/- 1.6) x 10(-15) cm3 molecule-1, was obtained for the SF6 and Ar systems.

Using a combination of UV and IR measurements, the UV absorption cross section of the ClClO molecule has been estimated. The maximum absorption cross section is 1.3×10−17 cm2/molecule at 260 nm.

Chlorine based olefin chlorohydrination reaction is one of the most hazard and polluted processes for manufacturing epoxy compounds. To solve these drawbacks, we have exploited a totally novel allyl chloride chlorohydrination route, using HCl and H2O2 as raw materials, catalyzed by hollow titanium silicate (HTS) zeolite. Under optimal parameters, almost 100% allyl chloride conversion and over 98.0% dichloropropanol (DCP) selectivity have been achieved, and HTS zeolite displays pretty high stability in strong acidic solution for over 25 days. UV-Raman spectroscopy directly reveals the formation of Cl2 and its derivates, but this chlorohydrination is also competitively dominated by an epoxidation-ring opening mechanism, especially in high catalyst dosage. That is because allyl chloride is much easier to be epoxidized to epichlorohydrin (ECH) under HTS catalyst, rather than reacts with Cl-containing species generated via the HCl oxidation with H2O2. Meanwhile, ECH is highly active to react with HCl to form 1,3-DCP catalyzed by H+ ions, thus the epoxidation process can be significantly promoted by ring-opening reaction, due to the pushing of chemical balance. Importantly, this study provides a novel viewpoint on developing green chemical processes, on the basis of their fundamental reaction mechanisms.

The IR and UV spectra of the ClOO radical, in argon matrices, have been measured. ClOO has a low-wavenumber fundamental at 192.4 cm-1. The UV and IR data have been combined and used to estimate the IR intensities of the ClOO bands. The wavelength dependency of the photochemistry of OClO and ClOO in argon matrices has been studied.

The IR spectra and photochemistry of the binary water complexes of Cl2, ClOCl, HOCl, and OClO, isolated in argon matrices, have been studied. Water acts as a lone pair done toward Cl2, ClOCl, and ClO2, probably with the water oxygen next to a chlorine atom in all three cases. Irradiation of the water-chlorine complex with near-UV radiation produces a complex between HOCl and HCl, with HCl as proton donor and HOCl as acceptor. The photoproduct of the ClOCl water complex is (HCl)2-O2. H2O-ClO2 gives H2O-ClOO upon UV irradiation. Complex formation does not change the photochemistry of matrix isolated OClO. HOCl forms a hydrogen bond to the water oxygen, we were unable to decompose the HOCl-water complex.

Munin was a 21 x 21 x 22 cm, 6 kg nanosatellite developed at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF) in Kiruna, Sweden together with Umeå and Luleå universities and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), Houston, Texas. It carried three instruments for investigations of the auroral regions. The MEDUSA-2 miniaturized top hat electron and ion spectrometer, the DINA high energy ion and neutral particle detector and the HiSCC miniaturized CCD camera to image the aurora. Munin was launched as a piggyback payload on a Delta-II rocket from Vandenberg AFB, California on November 21, 2000. It made measurements for nearly three months before contact was lost after a system reboot on February 12, 2001.