Hovedbudskap I denne artikkelen presenterer vi hvordan vi har brukt rammeverket Fundamentals of Care i veiledningen av bachelorstudenter ved Stavanger universitetssjukehus. Hensikten har vaert å øke

Abstract Background and rationale: Side effects of adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen (tam) may impair Quality of Life (QoL) and have been suggested as an independent variable for discontinuation of tam1. There are large inter-patient variabilities in prevalence and severance of side effects among tam users. Therefore, there is a need for biological markers that can predict side effects. A potential biological predictor is the serum concentrations of tam and/or its metabolites. In this prospective observational study we have analyzed serum concentrations of tam and 9 metabolites over 3 years. Patients Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) were obtained to elucidate possible associations between side effects, adherence and tam metabolism. Methods: Breast cancer patients using adjuvant tam (20mg/d) were recruited through the Prospective Breast Cancer Biobank project between 2011 and 2016. Inclusion criteria were ER positive status, ≥ 6 months tam use, tumor size of ≥0.1 cm and being able to read and write Norwegian. Concentration levels of tam and metabolites in serum were analyzed by LC-MS/MS2 and adherence data were collected through the Norwegian prescription database. PROM-data comprised of validated questioners reporting side effects of endocrine treatment and QoL. Statistical analyses comprised non-parametric tests, logistic regression, chi square tests and the Benjamin-Hochberg procedure to correct for multiple testing. Results: Associations between metabolite concentrations and side effects were run as a cross sectional analysis (N=149) and separate analysis of each year of follow-up with 85, 77 and 65 patients at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year respectively. We found that 78 % of patients reported side effects, 66 % reported mood swings, 21 % reported severe hot flushes and 71 % reported decreased libido. When analyzing years separately, we found that on the 2nd year patients experiencing vaginal dryness had significantly higher levels of tamoxifen (P=0.032, after correction for multiple testing and adjustment for clinical relevant variables) compared to patients not experiencing vaginal dryness. Also, on year 2 the patients in the lower quartile of Z-endoxifen (≤17.9 nM) had significantly lower libido (p=0.015) compared to patients with Z-endoxifen levels >17.9 nM after adjustment for clinical relevant variables and correction for multiple testing. Analyses regarding adherence are not complete and more results will be presented in the poster. Discussion: Our data indicates that high serum concentrations of tam and low concentrations of Z-endoxifen are associated with vaginal dryness and sexual dysfunction. Patients reporting “very low libido” had the highest levels of tam, suggesting that slow metabolic conversion and accumulation of tam may contribute to sexual dysfunction. Our results were only significant in the second year of follow-up, possibly because patients wait to resume sexual activity after diagnosis, chemo and surgery. After receiving advice (i.e. lubricants), the symptoms are often reduced in the subsequent follow-up (3rd year). In conclusion, our results indicate that monitoring tam serum concentrations may be used to predict side effects. 1 Owusu C. et al. JCO. 2008 2 Helland T. et al. BCR. 2017 Citation Format: Helland T, Haugstøyl ME, Hagen KB, Kvaløy JT, Lunde S, Lode K, Lind RA, Gripsrud BH, Bifulco E, Gebreslase NS, Jonassen J, Hustad SS, Aas T, Lende TH, Lien EA, Janssen EA, Mellgren G, Søiland H. Serum concentrations of tamoxifen and Z-endoxifen may predict sexual dysfunction in the 2nd year of adjuvant endocrine treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-08.

OBJECTIVE:To describe a representative population of patients recently diagnosed with MS in terms of both motor and non-motor disability. In particular we wanted to examine the HRQoL in this population to get a better understanding of what impact various clinical features have on the patients' experience of distress in the early phase of the disease.METHODS:Ninety three patients diagnosed with MS in Hordaland and Rogaland county in 1998-2000 and 96 healthy controls were examined through questionnaires on HRQoL (SF-36), depression (Beck's depression inventory), fatigue (fatigue severity scale) and apathy (Starkstein's apathy scale). The patients also underwent neurological examination including the expanded disability status scale and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite, as well as the symbol digit memory test and the selective reminder test.RESULTS:Patients with MS reported a lower HRQoL than the controls with a mean physical health summary score of 57.3 compared to 84.5 (P < 0.001), and a mental health summary score of 66.4 vs 79.2 (P < 0.001). The controls scored significantly higher on all SF-36 sub scores except for bodily pain. The incidence of fatigue was 71% in patients compared to 27% in controls (P < 0.001), whereas 46% of patients vs 18% of controls reported depression (P < 0.001). The mean score for apathy was significantly higher among patients.CONCLUSIONS:Patients with recently diagnosed MS reported significantly lower on both physical and mental aspects of HRQoL compared with controls. Depression, fatigue and apathy were more common and more severe in MS. We found no correlation between cognitive decline and HRQoL scores.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:To examine the frequencies and clinical characteristics of fallers and non-fallers at different stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS:The sample consisted of 232 patients in an unselected cross-sectional cohort of patients with PD, 207 newly diagnosed and drug naive patients and 175 controls. The examinations included the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr, Schwab and England, and Mini-Mental State Examination. According to item 13 of the UPDRS, the participants were classified as fallers, rare-fallers and non-fallers. RESULTS:In the cross-sectional study cohort, 19% of the patients were classified as fallers and 25% as rare-fallers. Higher scores on activity of daily living (UPDRS ADL score) and motor complications (UPDRS complication of therapy score) were significantly and independently associated with falling. In the cohort of newly diagnosed patients with PD 2% were classified as fallers and 15% as rare-fallers. In the age- and sex-matched control group, none were fallers, and only 2% were rare-fallers. Patients with tremor-dominated PD subtype in both study populations did not fall. CONCLUSIONS:Falls are a markedly increasing problem in patients with PD as the disease progresses. Healthcare workers should ask patients about falling, and specially focus on patients with motor complications or postural instability and gait disability-dominated subtype of parkinsonism.

To be treated for cancer must be a frightening experience. Yet quality of life (QoL) of successfully treated cancer patients seems to be relatively similar in comparison with QoL of a general population, with psychological coping partly responsible for this finding. When measuring choice of coping, the nature of coping score levels constituting appropriate scores, and whether score levels rely on the context of the disease has not been settled. We have studied the COPE coping responses as related to disease in successfully treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient groups (general and laryngectomized), as well as compared to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The COPE response patterns have also been compared to the Beck depression inventory (BDI) scores. Age and gender of patients were not directly associated with choice of coping. Within the problem-focused coping indexes, the coping index “active coping” was reported to be most utilized among HNSCC patients, whereas “coping by suppression” and “coping by social support” were most utilized among MS patients. Emotional-focused coping was most prevalent among HNSCC patients and lowest among the MS patients. Level of avoidance coping was similar between the groups. The coping of the general HNSCC patients differed most from the MS patients. An association was shown between increased coping efforts and lowered mood. In particular, avoidance coping was associated with lowered mood. These associations were stronger among the MS patients than HNSCC patients. Drinking to cope was most prevalent among the laryngectomized group, and was correlated with BDI scores in all groups. Furthermore, adequate coping seems to be to limit avoidance coping and promote coping by acceptance. The response pattern of the COPE inventory seems to be valid among HNSCC and MS patients.

OBJECTIVES:To examine how coping styles among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) change over time and how patients' coping styles after 5 years are associated with disability pension.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Seventy-six MS patients and 94 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were examined at baseline and 5 years later. This included a neurological examination and information on disability pension and a questionnaire assessing coping (the COPE scale). Controls were registered at baseline only.RESULTS:Compared to healthy controls, MS patients were more passive in coping with disease related distress. This was even more pronounced 5 years later. Disability pensioned patients employed more social support, venting of emotions and behavioural disengagement at follow-up.CONCLUSION:This study shows that patients with MS employ coping styles that may be inadequate and this is not improved by adaption over time. Although patients also use strategies to enhance their lives, these findings suggest that there may be a potential for improving the lives of patients with MS through interventions that may enhance adequate coping with the disease.

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with unclear etiology, unpredictable clinical course, and no cure. Patients’ ability to cope with MS moderates the adaptation to the disease. Objectives To compare coping in patients recently diagnosed with MS and healthy controls and to study the association between depressive symptoms and patients' coping styles. Methods A sample of 86 recently diagnosed patients with definite or probable MS and 93 healthy population controls completed questionnaires assessing coping styles and depressive symptoms. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with MS used significantly less the problem focused strategies including planning, restraint coping, and seeking social support for instrumental reasons, and they used less the emotion-focused strategies seeking social support for emotional reasons, focusing on and venting of emotions, and positive reinterpretation and growth. The mean Beck Depressive symptoms Inventory scores were 10.8 and 4.7 in patients and controls, respectively. In stress situations connected to MS, depressive symptoms in these patients were related to the problem-focused strategies of restraint coping and planning, the emotion-focused strategy of focusing on and venting of emotions, and the avoidance strategies of behavioral- and mental disengagements, and denial.

Background Patients with multiple sclerose (MS) live with their disease for many years. The cause of the disease is unknown and there are no curative therapies. Patients' adaption to chronic disease is dependent on the effectiveness of coping behaviour. Objectives To explore the correlation between the quality of perceived disease information and to estimate the correspondance between the quality of perceived disease information and later coping styles applied by MS-patients in stress situations related to their disease. Methods Of a total of 108 patients recently diagnosed with MS, 93 agreed to participate in the study and 86 of these completed two different questionnaires, one assessing quality of the perceived information and the other asessing coping styles (the COPE scale). Results 43.2% of the patients were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the information by the time of diagnosis. MS-related coping styles were influenced by general coping styles and the most frequently employed strategies were `positive reinterpretation and growth', `planning' and `restraint coping' while `denial' was the most infrequently employed strategy. Patients who were satisfied with the information employed avoidance coping to a lesser extent and more actively both plan and seek information about the situation. Conclusion Optimizing the information process in the early phase of the disease may induce coping styles that produce a better adaption to living with MS. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 792-799. http:// msj.sagepub.com