The twenty-fourth edition of the JURIX conference will be held in Vienna, Austria on December 14th-16th at the University of Viennas Centre for Legal Informatics. The submissions for this volume come from authors from 18 different countries, showing the international appeal of the topic and conference. These proceedings comprise 12 full papers, 7 short papers and 3 research abstracts. The papers span a wide range of topics on the advanced management of legal information and knowledge, and cover foundational theories as well as developed applications. Covered by the papers is work on: the analysis of court decisions; argumentation and proof standards; information and rule extraction from legal texts; permissions; compliance controls; precedents and legal stories; the structure of law; relevance and authority in law; online dispute resolution; measuring the evolution of the law; applications for legal education; data privacy; and conceptual models of legal reasoning for AI applications.IOS Press is an international science, technical and medical publisher of high-quality books for academics, scientists, and professionals in all fields. Some of the areas we publish in: -Biomedicine -Oncology -Artificial intelligence -Databases and information systems -Maritime engineering -Nanotechnology -Geoengineering -All aspects of physics -E-governance -E-commerce -The knowledge economy -Urban studies -Arms control -Understanding and responding to terrorism -Medical informatics -Computer Sciences

The combination of a Gerchberg-Saxton phase retrieval algorithm with a genetic algorithm is used to retrieve the phase of a TEM or STEM probe and pinpoint its defocus. Results from modelled data and initial experimental work are included.

A possible configuration for undertaking diffractive imaging microscopy in the conventional scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is to defocus the probe by a large distance in order to minimise the number of diffraction patterns required to reconstruct the ptychographical image. Although the characteristics of STEM probes have been well explored and measured near the beam crossover, they are rarely observed (or calculated) at very large defoci. In this paper we compare probes calculated under a variety of approximations with measured data from a JEOL 2010F in STEM mode. When the illumination aperture is narrow and the defocus is large (near parallel illumination useful for ptychographical imaging) the Ronchigram cannot be used easily to characterize aberration, We develop an alternative method of estimating the effective aperture size and condenser lens spherical aberration.

Diatoms from postglacial sediments of two oligotrophic lakes, one in northwest England and one in northwest Scotland, have been examined. Apart from the decline of alkalinity in the early post-glacial period at both sites, the only evidence for further increase in acidity occurs in the post-1900 sediments of Devoke Water (Cumbria). There has been no such change in Loch Sionascaig, in a region of lower acid deposition in northwest Scotland.