臼歯部咬合崩壊をともなった全顎的に慢性歯周炎が進行した患者に対して, 改良型ホーレーバイトプレーン(m-HBP)を用いて顎位を設定した後, 歯周外科・インプラント・矯正治療を含む包括的な治療を行った。アタッチメントレベルおよび咬合状態は3年以上良好に維持されている。日本歯周病学会会誌(日歯周誌)50(3) : 193-200, 2008

A series of GPS radiosonde and oceanic observations was conducted over the Okhotsk Sea for the first time in July 1998. Under the prevalent anticyclone over the Okhotsk Sea during the observations, distinct differences in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary-layer structure were observed between the fog and non-fog periods. During the fog period, the observed strong surface winds and upward sensible heat fluxes promoted vertical mixing in the atmosphere and ocean. The height of the well-mixed marine boundary layer varied from 200 to 1000m in the atmosphere, and 10 to 15 m in the ocean, respectively. The fog formation occurred when surface air temperature (SAT) was cooler than the underlying sea surface temperature (SST). By trajectory analyses for the observed well-mixed atmospheric boundary layer during the fog period, the boundary-layer air mass that has passed over warm (cool) SST tended to form stratus-like (stratocumulus-like) fog. In the non-fog period, by contrast, atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers were stably stratified due to weak surface winds and downward sensible heat fluxes. Regardless of the air mass trajectory, SAT is warmer than underlying SST during the no-fog period.

Satellite imagery and C‐band radar on the R/V Mirai detected an isolated convective cloud band over the western tropical Pacific, and dropsondes observed the surrounding atmospheric environment. The reasonable development mechanism of this unusual cloud band is investigated using observational and numerical simulation data. Although theoretically, the surrounding atmospheric profile supported convective rolls, only a single cloud band was developed. Numerical simulations revealed a single cloud band and roll structure without condensate in the boundary layer. A westerly jet just above the cloud band influenced the environment with strong vertical shear supporting convective rolls; this was maintained by a typhoon at a distance of 1500 km away. A large‐scale convergence in the meridional wind was also accompanied with this westerly jet. This special environment made by a typhoon could develop the unusual single cloud band.

The structures of deep convections and their environment were examined during the latter half of the active phase of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), using fine temporal resolution of research vessel observation data. During the intensive observation period, the MJO associated with deep convections passed through the observation area. A strong westerly wind also appeared during the active phase of the MJO. Vertical structures associated with convective activity were detected using lag correlations of atmospheric parameters. Convective activity included deep convections, with a nocturnal maximum and another peak 12 to 18 hours earlier. Active convections associated with the first peak developed in the afternoon and decayed within a few hours. Those active convections transported water vapor to the lower to middle troposphere, making the environment favorable for the more intensive deep convections that developed during the night. Westerly winds were intensified in the lower layers during the deep convections.

Direct observations of the upper ocean velocity in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean by an acoustic Doppler current profiler, from November 2000 to October 2001 on the equator at 90°E, demonstrate that the dominant periods of variability in the upper layer zonal and meridional currents are in intraseasonal frequency bands with periods of 30 to 50 days and 10 to 20 days, respectively. The strong intraseasonal variability in the zonal current obscures the semiannual Wyrtki jets, which can be seen clearly in the monthly averaged field. In addition, a zone of strong vertical shear of the zonal current and a distinct Equatorial Undercurrent with semiannual period are observed. The results provide us with a new perspective on importance of the energetic intraseasonal variability in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, which indicates strong correlation with the wind variability near the mooring location.

プロファイリングフロートで得られる観測データの鉛直分解能は, Argos通信の処理能力に制約される。欠損のない観測プロファイルを得るためには, 多数に分割されたデータの全てを受信する必要がある。そのためにはフロートの通信時間(海面漂流時間)を長くしなければならないが, これは同時にフロート観測にとって深刻な問題を引き起こしうる。本稿では, 観測プロファイルに欠損が出現する割合(プロファイル欠損率)を統計的に求め, 調節すべき海面漂流時間とデータ量の基準を示した。プロファイル欠損率の理論値を正確に推定するためには, フロート展開域におけるデータ受信確率の正確な値を用いることが肝要である。データ受信確率は高緯度ほど高く, 同緯度では大陸から離れるほど高くなる傾向がある。データ量を固定して海面漂流時間だけを短くすると, データ受信確率の値によらずプロファイル欠損率は約3～5%を境として急速に増大した。欠損プロファイルの予期せぬ頻発を避けるために, プロファイル欠損率が3%以下になるようにフロートの海面漂流時間を設定すべきである。具体的には, 2005年4月現在と同様に5機のArgos衛星が稼働している場合, メッセージブロック数が24の場合は9時間以上, 同16の場合は6時間以上の海面漂流時間が必要である。

In this study, the authors focused on the seasonal variations of precipitation properties over the western Pacific, particularly those associated with the wind direction of the monsoon. An observational project over Peleliu Island in the Republic of Palau was carried out, and data on precipitation, equivalent cloud amount, and precipitable water were collected from 28 June 2001 to 30 April 2002. First, the monsoon season over Palau was defined as a period with 850-hPa zonal-wind sounding data with sustained winds exceeding 5 m s(-1). The westerly wind regime continued until 25 November 2001, and the next westerly wind regime began on 18 May 2002. The equivalent cloud amount increased during the period when the westerly wind intensified. The precipitation had a diurnal variation in the active phase of the westerly wind regime, increasing from nighttime to early morning and decreasing in the afternoon. The diurnal variation was weak in the inactive phase and had a lesser afternoon maximum. Precipitation intensity was high and its duration was short during the westerly wind regime.The precipitable water decreased during the easterly wind regime when a dry period appeared, and precipitation was also suppressed during those days. However, there was little difference between the precipitation amounts of the westerly and easterly wind regimes. The equivalent cloud amount did not decrease as the zonal-wind direction changed to easterlies during the easterly wind regime. The authors noticed no diurnal variation of precipitation during the easterly wind regime. These differences in the precipitation properties during westerlies and easterlies may be related to the seasonal variation of humidity in the environment.

Giving initial uniform distribution of the floats, 4-year-long simulations were performed for the parking depths of 2000m and 1000m, respectively. Number density of the floats decreased with time in the equatorial region and high latitudes while the floats converged inside the subtropical gyre. High convergence region was found between 20˚S and 40˚S and 120˚W and 80˚W, and weak convergence regions were seen in the subtropics between 170˚ and 130˚W, and northeast of New Zealand. Many floats seemed to be stranded along the southern coast of Chile and the east coast of Australia. Difference in the float distributions between the parking depth of 2000m and that of 1000m was small. We also made the simulations for float deployment along the major ship routes in the South Pacific. Since the major routes did not cover entire South Pacific, there were several float-scarce-regions; one was the region off the Southern American Continent, the other two were in the middle latitudes between 160˚W and 120˚W.

Wind profilers offer the unique ability to directly measure vertical motion profiles through precipitating and nonprecipitating cloud systems. This ability has been exploited through a series of analyses of evolution of convective boundary layer and mesoscale precipitating systems passing overhead of the wind profilers located at Gadanki (India), Aimeliik (Palau) and Dongshan (China). Tropical wind profilers and JW disdrometers (Gadanki and Aimeliik) analysis/results show clear seasonal dependence raindrop size distribution characteristics in summer monsoon and winter monsoon. During the Westerly monsoon often the precipitating systems are associated with mesoscale convection activities and also short duration with high intensity of rainfall. Keyword: Monsoon, Radar reflectivity, convective boundary layer, precipitation and Raindrop size distribution

A nine-year-long record of the northeastward volume transport (NVT) in the region southeast of Okinawa Island from 1992 to 2001 was estimated by an empirical relation between the volume transport obtained from the ocean mooring data and the sea surface height anomaly difference across the observation line during 270 days from November 2000. The NVT had large variations ranging from −10.5 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3s−1) to 30.0 Sv around its mean of 4.5 Sv with a standard deviation of 5.5 Sv. This large variation was accompanied by mesoscale eddies from the east, having a pronounced period from 106 to 160 days. After removal of the eddy, NVT was found to fluctuate from 2 Sv to 12 Sv with a quasi-biennial period.