Intersections, areas where urban traffic noise pollution was relatively severe, have a significant impact on people's living environment and health. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on traffic noise at road intersections both in China and abroad, summarizing it mainly from three aspects: noise source analysis, prediction and evaluation methods and noise control and reduction technologies. Research found that noise levels near road intersections were generally high, and the acoustic environment was relatively complex, which was caused by the specific traffic behaviors of vehicles within intersections. To more accurately evaluate the noise levels at road intersections, field measurements and analyses of intersection noise were carried out through a reasonable arrangement of measurement points and the selection of appropriate evaluation indicators. To better predict and manage noise levels at intersections, noise prediction models were often employed. Most traditional noise prediction models had been localized and adjusted by researchers so that they could be used to simulate intersection environments. To more accurately simulate intersection noise, many researchers developed noise prediction models specifically designed for intersections, providing more model references for scholars studying intersection noise. To effectively manage and reduce noise at intersections, this paper summarizes the measures previously adopted by researchers, mainly including optimizing intersection structures, adjusting traffic management methods and implementing corresponding engineering measures. For future research, attention should be focused on the acoustic characteristics of new energy vehicles at intersections or on the multi-objective optimization of intersection design in order to promote the improvement of urban acoustic environment quality.

This paper used data from 2019, 2020, and 2021 to assess the water quality of Qionghai Lake using the traditional and improved Nemerow pollution index methods. To analyze the pattern of change in water quality between different Qionghai monitoring sections, a spatial-temporal change rate calculation was conducted. According to the traditional Nemerow pollution index method, assessment results for 2019, 2020, and 2021 show that Qionghai as a whole, along with the Qinglong Temple water quality monitoring section, the Qionghai Hotel, and the lake center, all had Class I, superb water quality. However, Qionghai's water level was Class I in 2019 and 2021, according to the results of the improved Nemerow pollution index method, while the water quality assessment for 2020 showed that the water quality was Class II, with good but inconsistent water quality across the 3 years. From 2019 to 2020, the overall lake quality and the water quality of the lake center, Qionghai Hotel, and Qinglong Temple section have all experienced a significant decline of more than 20%. In 2021, there will be more than 20% substantial improvement in water quality. Qionghai Hotel experienced a slight decline of 10% to 20% in 2019 and a sharp deterioration of more than 20% in 2020. There was no significant difference in water quality changes between Qionghai Hotel and the Qinglongsi section between 2019 and 2020, and the change range was less than 10%.

In order to analyze the tram's noise level attenuation pattern, the noise produced by the operation of the tram on the Chengdu Rong 2line was measured, and the sound environment of the four areas it passes through - residential areas, commercial areas, industrial areas and schools - was assessed. The prediction model in the "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment-Urban Rail Transit (China)" was used to predict each received detection point. From the perspectives of school areas, residential areas and commercial areas, the difference between the prediction results and the measured results was basically less than 1 dB, while in industrial areas, the difference between the two was slightly greater than 1 dB. For street-facing buildings, the annoyance threshold of residents to streetcar noise was 71.7 dB. The central sound pressure level and annoyance probability showed a growth curve connection. It will provide a reference to the noise environmental impact caused by the construction of trams.

The accurate apportionment of pollution sources is crucial for effective river water quality management. In this study, we analyzed the water quality status of Qingyi River and identified and quantified potential sources affecting water quality changes. Although the APCS-MLR model is widely used for source apportionment, its high sensitivity to outliers and reliance on linear assumptions limit its accuracy in rivers with unstable water quality dynamics, often resulting in a high proportion of unidentified sources. To address this gap, this study introduces an approach that integrates the feature importance of random forest (RF) to optimize the APCS-MLR model, enhancing its ability to capture nonlinear relationships, handle outliers, and improve source quantification. This approach was applied to the Qingyi River, which has good overall water quality but exhibits spatial variability and instability in some parameters. The results demonstrated the validity of our method: the coefficient of determination (R-2) of the optimized model increased from 0.617 to 0.695, indicating a superior goodness-of-fit. Concurrently, the average contribution rate of unidentified sources decreased from 38.54% to 16.97%, confirming the model's enhanced ability to resolve pollution sources. The final apportionment ranked the sources as industrial sewage (48.73%), natural factors (17.69%), unidentified sources (16.97%), agricultural runoff (10.06%), and landfill leachate (6.55%). These findings provide a more reliable basis for crafting targeted protection strategies for the Qingyi River. Meanwhile, this study offers a novel and insightful methodology for advancing source apportionment techniques in the field of water environment research.

The Qingyi River Basin is one of the most important water resources in Ya'an City, Sichuan Province, which is related to the social and economic development of Ya'an City and the life of residents. In this study, multivariate statistical method (K-W test and Pearson correlation analysis) and graphical analysis were used to evaluate the temporal and spatial characteristics of water quality in Qingyi River. Based on the evaluation results, seven parameters including Imn, CODcr, BOD5, DO, TP, NH3-N, As, and F- were determined to construct the improved WQI model. The results showed that there were significant spatial differences in Imn, TP, Cu, As, and EC. In general, the water quality of S1 section is the best, and the water quality of S6 section is the worst. The main pollutants in the basin were TP and NH3-N, which met the Class II water quality standards, and the other parameters were Class I water quality standards. The change of annual WQI value showed a trend of increasing, decreasing, and then increasing, which met the Class I water quality standard. This study has improved the parameter selection in WQI calculation, which can fully explain the overall change of water quality and potential pollution, and is conducive to the efficient evaluation of water quality with relatively low analysis cost. The research results can provide references and suggestions for the local government and are of great significance for the sustainable development of the water quality of the Qingyi River.

Industrial wastewaters, generated from such as abrasive and catalyst-producing processes, usually contain rare earth oxides: La2O3 and CeO2. When employing anaerobic methanogenesis technology to treat these industrial wastewaters, the impacts of La2O3 and CeO2 cannot be ignored. This study thoroughly investigated the long-term effects of La2O3 or CeO2 in high-rate anaerobic expanded sludge bed (EGSB) reactors. When compared to the control reactor, it was found that the addition of La2O3 led to an 11% decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and 38% decrease in methane production rate (MPR). Similarly, the introduction of CeO2 resulted in a 9% in COD removal efficiency and a 17% decrease in MPR. Both La2O3 and CeO2 had positive influences on enhancing methanogenic activity of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS). Through the results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing analysis, it was revealed that La2O3 and CeO2 contributed to a balanced microbial community by promoting the growth of methanogens and suppressing anaerobic propionate and butyrate-producing bacteria. Meanwhile, La2O3 and CeO2 stimulated the proliferation of electroactive species: Geobacter and Methanospirillum. However, the results of quantification and characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) of AnGS showed both La2O3 and CeO2 reduced the presence of tryptophan substances in EPS and decreased the protein/polysaccharide ratio. This led to the disintegration of AnGS into smaller zoogloea complexes. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for early-warning and optimization of anaerobic methanogenesis treatment in dealing with industrial wastewater containing La2O3 and CeO2.

This research evaluated and analyzed the water quality of Zipingpu Reservoir using the Comprehensive Water Quality Index and Nemerow index method, based on monitoring data from 2019 to 2021 at four monitoring sites. It also used temporal and spatial change rate analysis to understand changes in water quality among the four monitoring sites-Aba Aluminum Factory, Chaguan Village, Cross-reservoir Bridge and Xuankou Village-as well as the reservoir as a whole. The results show that: from the result of comprehensive water quality index, the water quality of Zipingpu Reservoir had improved in 3 years, and the water quality was excellent. The Nemerow index method results for the four monitoring sections in 2019, 2020, and 2021, which varied from 0.37 to 0.47, demonstrated that the reservoir was rated as having high water quality and Class I standard water quality. According to the results of the improved Nemerow pollution index method, the Improved Nemerow pollution index values were all between 0.27 and 0.32 and the water quality was within the Class I range each of the 3 years and fluctuated less. The water quality of the Aba aluminum facility was marginally worse than that of the other three monitoring sites during the monitoring period, according to the spatial rate of change (S/%). The reservoir's water quality improved slightly between 2019 and 2021, according to the temporal rate of change (T/%).

This study was conducted to assess noise annoyance following the installation of various types of sound barriers on elevated roads and to forecast the noise reduction effect. The level of annoyance was evaluated using a five-level linguistic rating scale, and noise values were anticipated for each floor of the building using Cadna/A software based on different road service levels. The results showed that for each service level road, the sound barrier's noise reduction impact was most pronounced at heights of 3.5-5m, and the ratio of the acoustic barrier's length extension to its distance from the building should not be greater than 4:1. After comparison, it was found that the fully enclosed sound barrier has the best noise reduction effect. Additionally, the noise annoyance level varied significantly at different service levels, with 60.5dB chosen as the noise threshold value. This study could offer an optional path for noise reduction facility design.

This study aims to understand the changes in the water quality of Hanyuan Lake and to show these changes over time. In this study, monthly sampling was conducted at three sampling sites in Hanyuan Lake, and water samples were measured for water quality indicators in the laboratory according to the methods specified in the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). Based on the monitoring data from January to December 2019, the WQI comprehensive evaluation method was used to conduct multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, extract key indicators, and establish the WQI(min) model. The results show that according to the WQI comprehensive evaluation method, the WQI values of Hanyuan Lake are all above 90, and the grade is excellent. The overall water quality of Hanyuan Lake is excellent, and most of the water quality indexes reach the Class I standard in the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). WQI(min1) (R-2 = 0.86, p < 0.001, PE = 4.28) as the best WQI(min) model. In this study, a model with fewer parameters was established by multiple linear regression method, which is conducive to better monitoring of water quality at monitoring stations while saving costs. Practitioner Points According to the WQI comprehensive evaluation method, the WQI values of Hanyuan Lake are all above 90, the rating is excellent. From January 2019 to September 2020, the monthly change trend of each section is roughly the same, showing a trend of first decreasing, then rising, then decreasing, and finally rising and flattening. The WQI(min) model was developed to completely describe the change in the water body.

The management of water pollution has been one of the main problems as people pay more and more attention in the current society to the preservation and repair of the natural environment. In this paper, natural montmorillonite was modified with starch as well as lanthanum chloride. The removal efficiency of various modified montmorillonites on pollutants was examined by simulating the water quality conditions of heavily polluted lake reservoirs in order to provide new eco-friendly and effective materials for the treatment of heavily polluted lakes and reservoirs. The experimental results showed that: The nitrogen removal rates of Na-Mont, St-Mont, La-Mont, St-La-Mont and La-St-Mont for 2 mg/L TN solution were 28.48%, 5.18%, 59.55%, 98.39%, 64.73%, respectively, and total phosphorus removal rates for 10 mg/L TP contaminated solution were 6.24%, 4.16%, 87.41%, 93.66%, 91.58% and for 100 mg/L COD solution the removal rates were 32.37%, 41.46%, 51.68%, 86.89%, 77.8%, respectively. By exploring the effect of La-6-Mont adsorption for Cr6+ removal at different temperatures as well as reaction times, the results showed that the Cr6+ removal at saturation of La-6-Mont adsorption was 76%, 80.5%, and 82.5% at the reaction temperatures of 15 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 35 degrees C, respectively. Among them, the removal rates of St-La-Mont reached more than 85%, 50% and 70% for COD, TN and for TP, respectively, and can be applied as fillers for enhanced artificial fast infiltration systems. The light rare earth composites La-St-Mont and LaCl3-Mont have achieved removal rates of 35%, 50% and more than 90% for COD, TN and for TP, respectively, and can be used as effective purification materials for treating water quality of heavily polluted lakes and reservoirs. Meanwhile, La-6-Mont can effectively fix heavy metal ions and avoid the release of endogenous pollution in the bottom mud, which can be used as a material for the treatment of bottom mud in lake reservoirs. This shown that lanthanum, a light rare earth element, modified montmorillonite can not only remove a range of pollutants from water bodies but also has excellent removal rates. Additionally, besides, starch, lanthanum and montmorillonite are widely available materials with high economic benefits. Therefore, further studies on StLa-Mont, La-St-Mont, LaCl3-Mont and La-6- Mont can provide new materials for the treatment of pollution in heavily polluted lakes and reservoirs.

Phosphorus (P) is a nutrient element triggering eutrophication. Therefore, the removal of excess phosphorus has become an emergent demand. In this study, lanthanum-loaded biochar (La-BC) was prepared via a simple one-step pyrolysis method. Its surface properties and structural characteristics were analyzed by SEM, XRD, FTIR and pHpzc. The phosphate removal by the La-BC was systematically investigated in batch mode. Results showed that the phosphorus adsorption obeyed the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm. The calculated maximum adsorption capacities were 31.94, 33.06 and 33.98 mg/g at 25, 35 and 45°C, respectively. Except for SO42− and CO32−, phosphate adsorption by the La-BC showed strong anti-interference to coexisting ions. For real water samples, the phosphate concentrations in the effluents were below 0.02 mg/L after treatment. The P loaded the La-BC was difficult to be desorbed, suggesting that the La-BC was not only a P-capping agent but also a P-immobilizing agent. More interestingly, a large number of stable LaPO4 nanofibers were formed on the La-BC surface via the reaction between the dissolved phosphate anions and La(OH)3 loaded on the adsorbent. Their intertwining facilitated the formation of the floc, which was conducive to the solid–liquid separation. Hence, the developed La-BC can be used as a potential adsorbent for natural waterbody remediation.

In order to analyze and compare the characteristics and applicability of different water quality evaluation methods applied to lake water quality evaluation, four monitoring sections were set up in Sancha Lake in 2019, 2020, and 2021, and 20 water quality parameters were selected. The single factor index method, the comprehensive pollution index method, the Nemerow pollution index method, and the improved Nemerow pollution index method were used to comprehensively evaluate water quality. The research results showed that the single factor index evaluation method is simple to operate and can quickly determine the water quality category by identifying the worst single water quality indicator. The comprehensive pollution index method and the Nemerow pollution index method determine the degree of water pollution based on the numerical values representing the overall pollution level of the representative water body. The evaluation results showed that except for the evaluation results of the single factor evaluation method with categories II and III, the results of other evaluation methods were all category I, indicating that the water quality was good.

La2O3 and CeO2, as main rare earth oxides, with unique physical and chemical properties have been widely used in catalyst and grinding industry. In this study, the effects of La2O3 and CeO2 on the anaerobic process were investigated. The biological methane production tests showed that 0-0.05 g/L La2O3 and 0-0.05 g/L CeO2 enhanced anaerobic methanogenesis process. The result showed maximum specific methanogenic rates of La2O3 and CeO2 were 56.26 mL/(h center dot gVSS) and 49.43 mL/(h center dot gVSS) and, compared with the control, increased 4% and 3%, respectively. La2O3 significantly reduced the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), whereas CeO2 had no similar effect. Dissolution experiments demonstrated that the content of extracellular La in the anaerobic granular sludge reached 404 mu g-La/g volatile suspended solid (VSS), which was 134 times higher than that of extracellular Ce (3 mu g-Ce/gVSS). The content of intracellular La reached 206 mu g-La/gVSS, which was 19 times higher than that of intracellular Ce (11 mu g-Ce/gVSS). The different stimulation between La3+ and Ce3+ could be attributed to the different dissolution of La2O3 and CeO2. The result of this work is helpful to optimize anaerobic processes and to develop novel additives. Practitioner PointsNovel anaerobic additives were developed.La2O3 and CeO2 in 0-0.05 g/L enhanced organics degradation and methane production.The addition of La2O3 significantly reduced the accumulation of volatile fatty acids.The solubilization of La2O3 was stronger than CeO2.The promoting effects of low concentrations of La2O3 and CeO2 were derived from dissolved La and Ce.

This study was conducted to determine how different types, widths, and lengths of green belts on expressways affect noise attenuation.The noise impact of expressways on surrounding residential areas was assessed using Cadna/A software, which is based on the road-level service index.The results demonstrated that the attenuation value of noise was the largest for the all-tree type of green belt in each width gradient.The most rapid range of noise attenuation for green belts was between 30 and 50 meters; once the width exceeded 50 meters, the trend of noise attenuation gradually slowed down.As the length of the green belt increased, the noise attenuation value continuously improved; the fastest range of noise attenuation was observed between a green belt length of 30 meters and 90 meters.This study provides valuable insights for the design of green belts on expressways.

Anaerobic methanogenesis plays an important role in the sustainable management of high concentration organic wastewater and bioenergy recovery. Interspecies electron transfer (IET) is a new type of mutualistic symbiosis that can accelerate microbial metabolism and overcome thermodynamic barriers in the metabolic process, thus facilitating anaerobic methanogenesis. IET is classified into Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer (DIET) and Mediated Interspecies Electron Transfer (MIET) according to the different electron transfer methods. This paper summarizes the recent research progress related to interspecies microbial electron transfer in anaerobic methanogenic system, describes the possible specific mechanisms of DIET and MIET, and analyzes the differences between DIET and MIET methods in terms of methanogenic performance, thermodynamics, kinetics, and the microbial communities involved in them. Finally, it was found that, through DIET, microorganisms in the process of anaerobic methanogenesis could not only strengthen the extracellular electron transfer of microorganisms and alleviate the inhibition of high organic loading rate, organic acids, and toxic substances, they could also help ferment bacteria and allow methanogenesis to break through the thermodynamic barriers and efficiently degrade complex organic matter. This can overcome several problems, such as low efficiency of electron transfer and acidification of traditional anaerobic digestion.

To understand the hazards of noise on human body and to mitigate the effects of noise on human health. This paper introduces the sources and levels of traffic noise, and describes the effects of noise on the combined effects of human auditory system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, reproductive system, and other substances on human physical and mental health as well as physiological and psychological functions and their mechanisms, and highlights the current state of domestic and international research on urban traffic noise to offer suggestions for the future prevention and treatment of noise-induced health concerns.

In this study, La(OH)3-loaded Juncus effusus (La-JE) with a three-dimensional structure was pre-pared via an in-situ precipitation and then wrapped in a cellulose membrane. The La-JE not only avoided the leakage of La(OH)3 but also was separated from solution easily. The optimal pH for phosphate removal by the La-JE was 6. The removal rate of phosphate was positively correlated with adsorption time, La-JE dosage and reaction temperature, and negatively correlated with phos-phate concentration. The adsorption process conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetic model and was better fit by Freundlich model. At 25 degrees C, the maximum adsorption capacity of the La-JE was 22.75 mg center dot P/g. The influence of SO42-, Cl-, NO3-, NH4+, HCO3- and CO32- on phosphate removal was negligible, suggesting that the La-JE had good anti-interference ability. Mechanism analysis showed that the removal process of phosphate was related to both ligand exchange and surface pre-cipitation. The application in real water environment exhibited that the La-JE had good potential for advanced dephosphorization of sewage treatment plant and natural waterbody remediation.

轻稀土氧化物La2O3和CeO2具有特殊催化性能,可用作生物促进剂.通过提升厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器的容积负荷,研究La2O3和CeO2对 EGSB反应器的处理效能、稳定性及对厌氧颗粒污泥理化特性的影响.结果表明,容积负荷为12.73 kg/(m3·d)时,添加La2O3和CeO2 后的反应器相较于对照反应器,平均化学需氧量(COD)去除率分别提高7％和11％,对照反应器(R Ⅰ)、添加La2O3反应器(RⅡ)、添加CeO2反应器(RⅢ)的COD平均去除率分别为86％、93％和97％.添加La2O3和CeO2降低了进水COD质量浓度对EGSB反应器出水pH值变化的灵敏度,增强了运行稳定性.经过126 d运行,RI的pH灵敏度比上升33％,而RⅡ和RⅢ分别下降了 69％和67％,添加La2O3和CeO2可降低反应器pH灵敏度比,维持反应器稳定性.添加La2O3和CeO2后,EGSB反应器内厌氧颗粒污泥的沉降速率升高,接种污泥、R Ⅰ、RⅡ和RⅢ的平均沉降速率分别为31.32 m/h、54.96 m/h、72.69 m/h 和 95.12 m/h,RⅢ和 RⅡ 较 R Ⅰ的沉降速率分别提高了 73％和32％.通过电镜观察厌氧颗粒污泥表面微观结构发现,La2O3和CeO2促进了胞外多聚物(EPS)分泌,可强化微生物细胞之间的黏附,进而增加了颗粒污泥的密度和粒径,增强厌氧颗粒污泥的沉降性能.

In this study, a novel peroxydisulfate (PDS) activator (CF-nZVI-JE) was prepared via in-situ loading nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) on Juncus effusus (JE) followed with wrapping a layer of cellulose film (CF). The CF-nZVI-JE had the same 3D structure as the JE, being easy to separate from aqueous solution. The loaded nZVI existed single nanoparticles with a size of 60-100 nm except chain-type agglomeration of nanoparticles due to the stabilization of JE fibers. The activation performance of the CF-nZVI-JE for PDS was evaluated with Rhodamine B (Rh B) as a representative pollutant. Under the optimal activating conditions, the degradation rate of Rh B reached 99% within 30 min in the CF-nZVI-JE/PDS system. After five cycles, the degradation rate of Rh B was still over 85%, suggesting that the CF-nZVI-JE had good reusability. More interestingly, SO4·- and ·OH radicals were simultaneously detected in the CF-nZVI-JE/PDS system, but only SO4·- existed in the JE-ZVI/PDS system, suggesting the different activation mechanism. Meanwhile, the introduction of CF not only facilitated to the mineralization of Rh B but also significantly reduced the release amount of iron ions. Hence, the CF-nZVI-JE can be employed as a promising PDS activator for the treatment of organic wastewater.