A 53-year-old man presented to the emergency department with severe lower back pain, saddle anesthesia, and urinary dysfunction. He had undergone endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion for highly migrated lumbar disk herniation and lumbar instability 10 days ago. Emergency computed tomography showed that the bone graft materials had migrated to the sacral canal, and a mass with low intensity was seen located at the end of the dural cavity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. It was suspected that the bone graft materials had migrated into the dural cavity at the operative level and fallen into the end of the dural cavity due to gravity, causing acute cauda equina syndrome (CES). After emergency durotomy, the bone graft materials were completely removed. At the 18-month follow-up, the patient recovered without further complications. This procedure resulted in a rare case of CES caused by intradural bone graft after endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion. Spine surgeons should be aware of this rare but potentially dangerous complication, especially in water-based endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion. This case report shows that early recognition and prompt treatment can significantly improve the symptoms of CES, including saddle numbness and bladder dysfunction. [Orthopedics. 2023;46(6):e384-e386.].

Background: Due to the extensive manipulation of the muscle and joint structure of the hip in any type of complete hip arthroplasty, injury and pain are inevitable. In this study, the extent of damage to the muscles around the hip following complete minimally invasive arthroplasty of the hip was examined by image analysis, and the pain was managed using non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Methods: 155 patients underwent THA minimally invasive anterolateral and posterolateral approaches in our hospital. Each patient underwent bilateral hip plain scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction before the operation and also 6, 12, and 52 weeks after the operation. The effects of Apostel paracetamol and Ketorolac on reducing pain in patients were evaluated, and the VAS pain score was calculated. The muscle volume atrophy rate, fat muscle ratio, Harris score, and WOMAC score were evaluated at each period. Results: There was a significant difference in the rate of muscle atrophy between the healthy and affected sides in the two groups at 6 and 12 weeks after the operation. The abduction and abduction angles of the healthy and affected sides in the two groups were statistically significant before the operation and also 6 and 12 weeks after the operation. The effect of Apostel paracetamol in reducing pain was greater than Ketorolac, and this difference was significant. There was no significant difference in Harris and WOMAC scores between the two groups at different time points. Conclusion: The THA minimally invasive posterolateral approach seriously damages the shape of hip abductor muscle, and the minimally invasive anterolateral and posterolateral approaches seriously affect hip abduction function and abductor muscle strength.

Purpose: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for the treatment of far-migrated lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is clinically challenging. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD) and interlaminar microscopic lumbar discectomy (IMLD) for the treatment of far-migrated LDH. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 50 consecutive cases of far-migrated LDH treated by IELD or IMLD. Clinical data and outcomes were assessed before the operation and 1 day and 3, 12, and 24 months after the surgery using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Modified MacNab criteria were used to evaluate patient satisfaction at the 24-month follow-up. Results: A significant reduction in leg pain and improvement in ODI (P<0.01) were observed in both groups after surgery. Lower back pain (LBP) was reduced at 24 months postsurgery in the IELD group (P<0.05) but not in the IMLD group (P>0.05). There were significant intergroup differences in VAS LBP score at 1 day and 24 months postsurgery (p=0.01 and 0.02, respectively) and in ODI at 24 months (p=0.03). The rate of excellent or good outcome was 90.32% with IELD and 78.95% with IMLD (p=0.55). Hospital stay and time to ambulation were shorter in the IELD group than in the IMLD group, but the former had a longer operative time (p<0.01). Low and comparable complication rates were reported in the IELD (16.13%) and IMLD (10.53%) groups (p=0.70). Conclusion: Both IELD and IMLD achieve favorable clinical results in the treatment of farmigrated LDH, with only minor complications. Compared to IMLD, LBP was significantly reduced with IELD presumably because it involved less trauma.

Purpose Although lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the most common spinal disease in the elderly, there is still a confusion about the appropriate surgical treatment strategy. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of full-endoscopic and microscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD) for LSS in elderly patients. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis of 61 consecutive elderly patients with LSS who underwent either full-endoscopic (FE group) or microscopic (Micro group) unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression was performed. Clinical data were assessed before 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the modified MacNab criteria. Results There are no significant differences in VAS (back and leg) and ODI between the two groups. However, the VAS back pain in the FE group was significantly improved compared to the Micro group at 2 weeks. The rate of excellent or good outcomes was 87.88% and 85.71% in the FE and Micro group, respectively (P>0.05). The hospital stay and early ambulation in FE group were shorter than those in Micro group, but the operation time was longer (P<0.05). The complications between the FE group (18.18%) and the Micro group (17.86%) were minor (P>0.05). Conclusion Both full-endoscopic and microscopic decompression have achieved favorable clinical results in treating elderly lumbar spinal stenosis, and the complications are minor. Full-endoscopic decompression has the advantages of small incision and rapid recovery, which can be used as an alternative for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis, especially the elderly with comorbidities.

Smart rice cooker’s interface becomes more complexity for its multi-function and some troubles are arisen with its poor user experience. To research users’ usability evaluation on the interface of smart rice cooker, a case study was conducted on user mental model. Some suggestions are given on how to improve the usability of the interface from the mental model map of the users’ evaluation elements and their relationship.

In China, barren hills and wasteland amount to more than 54 million hectares; in addition, saline and alkaline soils, sandy areas, mining fields, oil-exploitation regions, and other marginal lands cover nearly 100 million hectares. Among the degraded lands, most energy-forest (oil producing) species are suitable for planting and growing. Cultivation of energy forests is thus regarded as the main way to develop forestry-biomass energy resources for the future. China is home to more than 4 million hectares of oil plants, and 154 kinds of energy trees produce seeds containing over 40% percent oil. Presently, the nation's total biomass resources that can potentially be converted into energy are about 500 million tons. China will establish 13.33 million hectares of forests by 2020 to produce liquid and solid biofuels for power generation and transport. This area is an increase from the planned 833,333 hectares in 2010 and will provide enough biomass to produce over 6 million t of biodiesel a year and power generators with capacity of 15 gigawatts. The energy forests will contribute massively to China's already successful attempts aimed at reducing desertification and land degradation. © Sila Science. All rights reserved.

Title reaction proceeds in the absence of transition metal catalysts, is operationally simple and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups like cyano, amide, aromatic halide, ether, ketone groups and C—C double bonds.