This paper introduces a method for digitally signing and verifying elementary video bitstreams. The method verifies temporal consistency of the video while allowing random access into the bitstream and adaptation to temporal and spatial scalability including sub-bitstream extraction. It was adopted by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) into the Versatile supplemental enhancement information messages for coded video bitstreams (VSEI) specification version 4 by introducing three new Digitally Signed Content SEI messages.

The performance of variational auto-encoders (VAE) for image compression has steadily grown in recent years, thus becoming competitive with advanced visual data compression technologies. These neural networks transform the source image into a latent space with a channel-wise representation. In most works, the latents are scalar quantized before being entropy coded. On the other hand, vector quantizers generally achieve denser packings of high-dimensional data regardless of the source distribution. Hence, low-complexity variants of these quantizers are implemented in the compression standards JPEG 2000 and Versatile Video Coding. In this paper we demonstrate coding gains by using trellis-coded quantization (TCQ) over scalar quantization. For the optimization of the networks with regard to TCQ, we employ a specific noisy representation of the features during the training stage. For variable-rate VAEs, we obtained 7.7% average BD-rate savings on the Kodak images by using TCQ over scalar quantization. When different networks per target bitrate are optimized, we report a relative coding gain of 2.4% due to TCQ.

A steady increase in available processing power continues to drive advances in video compression technology. The recently completed Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard aims to double the compression efficiency of HEVC and deliver a same quality of video at half the bitrate. To achieve this goal, VVC includes several new methods that improve coding efficiency at the cost of increased complexity. This paper provides a complexity analysis of VVC and its VTM reference software. Whereas VVC is more complex than HEVC, it remains readily implementable in software on current generation processors. Performance of practical decoders are reported, showing that real-time decoding of 8K content is feasible. An encoder is also presented, showing that most of the compression gains of VVC over HEVC can be obtained at a small fraction of the resources needed by the VTM encoder under common test conditions.

Les informations provenant du codage/decodage de la couche de base, c'est-a-dire les indications d'optimisation de couche de base, sont exploitees pour rendre la prediction a compensation de mouvement de la couche d'amelioration plus efficace par le codage plus efficace des parametres de mouvement de la couche d'amelioration.

Advances in video compression technology have been driven by ever-increasing processing power available in software and hardware. The emerging High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard aims to provide a doubling in coding efficiency with respect to the H.264/AVC high profile, delivering the same video quality at half the bit rate. In this paper, complexity-related aspects that were considered in the standardization process are described. Furthermore, profiling of reference software and optimized software gives an indication of where HEVC may be more complex than its predecessors and where it may be simpler. Overall, the complexity of HEVC decoders does not appear to be significantly different from that of H.264/AVC decoders; this makes HEVC decoding in software very practical on current hardware. HEVC encoders are expected to be several times more complex than H.264/AVC encoders and will be a subject of research in years to come.

Today, H.264/AVC is the state-of-the-art video coding standard. Especially after the 2004 development of its High Profile (HP), it has become one of the primary formats in HDTV content delivery. In January 2010, a joint Call for Proposals (CfP) on video compression technology has been issued by ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG, targeting at a new generation of video compression technology with a substantially higher compression capability than H.264/AVC. As a response to this CfP, Fraunhofer HHI proposed a newly developed video coding scheme which achieves bit rate savings of around 30% when compared to H.264/AVC HP. This paper describes the proposed video coding scheme and discusses its innovative features.

-A video coding architecture is described that is based on nested and pre-configurable quadtree structures for flexible and signal-adaptive picture partitioning. The primary goal of this partitioning concept is to provide a high degree of adaptability for both temporal and spatial prediction as well as for the purpose of space-frequency representation of prediction residuals. At the same time, a leaf merging mechanism is included in order to prevent excessive partitioning of a picture into prediction blocks and to reduce the amount of bits for signaling the prediction signal. For fractional-sample motion-compensated prediction, a fixed-point implementation of the maximal-order minimum-support algorithm is presented that uses a combination of infinite impulse response and FIR filtering. Entropy coding utilizes the concept of probability interval partitioning entropy codes that offers new ways for parallelization and enhanced throughput. The presented video coding scheme was submitted to a joint call for proposals of ITU-T Visual Coding Experts Group and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group and was ranked among the five best performing proposals, both in terms of subjective and objective quality.

(cid:3) Abstract — The robustness of color-based signatures in the presence of a selection of representative distortions is investigated. Considered are five signatures that have been developed and evaluated within a new modular framework. Two signatures presented in this work are directly derived from histograms gathered from video frames. The other three signatures are based on temporal information by computing difference histograms between adjacent frames. In order to obtain objective and reproducible results, the evaluations are conducted based on several randomly assembled test sets. These test sets are extracted from a video repository that contains a wide range of broadcast content including documentaries, sports, news, movies, etc. Overall, the experimental results show the adequacy of color-histogram-based signatures for video fingerprinting applications and indicate which type of signature should be preferred in the presence of certain distortions.