PURPOSE:Fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is an aggressive disease seen in patients who are severely neutropenic. The use of granulocyte transfusions to address neutropenia-associated IFS has been described for almost 2 decades. The objectives are to provide our experience using granulocyte transfusions in patients with IFS and to provide a current review of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A retrospective chart review was performed at the Medical College of Wisconsin to identify patients who received granulocyte transfusions for IFS. Data collected included age, original diagnosis, IFS pathogen, dates, transfusion number, reason for discontinuation, additional therapies, last known follow-up, and status at last known follow-up. A Medline search and manual review of citations within bibliographies was also performed. RESULTS:A total of 20 patients received granulocyte transfusions at the Medical College of Wisconsin between October 2003 and June 2009; 3 of these patients received granulocyte transfusions for fulminant IFS. A total of 22 reported cases of IFS treated with granulocyte transfusions exist in the current literature. CONCLUSIONS:Although limitations to the use of granulocyte transfusions exist, they still represent a viable treatment option in individuals who fail to respond to more conventional therapies.

We systematically reviewed the existing literature supporting the efficacy and safety of sinus preservation management for frontal sinus fractures in the modern era of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. A systematic review of the English literature for the targeted objective was conducted using the PubMed database between January 1995 and August 2008. The PubMed database was queried using two major search terms of frontal sinus fracture or frontal sinus injury along with manual review of citations within bibliographies. Citations acquired from the primary search were filtered and relevant abstracts were identified that merited full review. Articles were identified that included any cohort of patients with frontal sinus fractures involving the frontal sinus outflow tract or posterior wall with sinus preservation management. A total of 231 citations were generated, and 56 abstracts were identified as potentially relevant articles. Sixteen articles merited full review, with seven articles meeting inclusion criteria for sinus preservation. There were 515 total patients in the studies with 350 patients managed with frontal sinus preservation. Similar short-term complications and effectiveness were found between fractures managed with sinus preservation and those with traditional management. Sinus preservation appears to be a safe and effective management strategy for select frontal sinus fractures. More transparent reporting of management strategies for individual cases or cohorts is needed. A standardized algorithm and categorization framework for future studies are proposed. Longer-term follow-up and larger prospective studies are necessary to assess the safety and efficacy of sinus preservation protocols.

The LaryngoscopeVolume 119, Issue S3 p. S303-S303 Triological Society 2009 Annual Meeting Poster Session Sinus Preservation Management for Frontal Sinus Fracturesin the Modern Era: A Systematic Review Kenny B. Carter Jr. MD, Kenny B. Carter Jr. MD Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, MedicalCollege of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Zablocki Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this authorDavid M. Poetker MD, MA, David M. Poetker MD, MA Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, MedicalCollege of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Zablocki Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this authorJohn S. Rhee MD, MPH, John S. Rhee MD, MPH Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, MedicalCollege of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Zablocki Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this author Kenny B. Carter Jr. MD, Kenny B. Carter Jr. MD Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, MedicalCollege of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Zablocki Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this authorDavid M. Poetker MD, MA, David M. Poetker MD, MA Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, MedicalCollege of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Zablocki Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this authorJohn S. Rhee MD, MPH, John S. Rhee MD, MPH Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, MedicalCollege of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Zablocki Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 January 2011 https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.21567AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume119, IssueS3Supplement: Triological Society 2009 Annual Meeting Poster Session2009Pages S303-S303 RelatedInformation

Objectives/Hypothesis: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mediator in tumor vascularization, growth, and metastasis. We investigated whether blockade of the VEGF receptor (VEGF-R) signaling pathway by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor PTK787 combined with CPT-11, a semisynthetic camptothecin analogue, can inhibit the tumor growth and angiogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Methods: JMAR human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells were injected into the tongues of nude mice. Seven days later, the mice were randomized to receive a placebo, daily oral PTK787, weekly CPT-11 injection, or PTK787 plus CPT-11. After 4 weeks of treatment, the mice underwent necropsy, and the tongue tumors, cervical lymph nodes, and lungs were removed for immunohistochemical analyses. Results: CPT-11, PTK787, and PTK787 plus CPT-11 significantly decreased tumor volumes and prolonged survival. The combination treatment group had the most significant decrease in volume and increase in survival. PTK787 alone or in combination with CPT-11 reduced the phosphorylation of VEGF-R in tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells, was associated with decreased microvessel density, a decreased proliferative index, and an increased apoptotic index. PTK787 alone or the combination therapy resulted in apoptosis of both tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that targeting VEGF-R tyrosine kinase activity can be an effective therapeutic approach in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.