Introduction of endoscopic and laparoscopic methods in surgical treatment of chronic calculous cholecystitis and its complications has changed not only the character of surgical interventions, but the surgical policy as well. The operation of choice in uncomplicated calculous cholecystitis is laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which whenever indicated, is advisable to be combined with other surgical interventions allowing the recovery from the concomitant surgical diseases. In complicated calculous cholecystitis in dependence on the character of bile ducts disorder and patient's condition, 3 versions of surgical interventions are possible: one stage radical correction of all pathologic changes of the biliary tract and surgical treatment, including 2-3 separate, less traumatic and more tolerable procedure. The choice of optimal policy of treatment reduces the risk of operation, decreases postoperation mortality rate and complications.

The authors propose the mode of treatment of volumetric masses of the liver which provides possibility to perform ablastic and atraumatic removal of the tumor with prophylaxis of bleeding by creation of the coagulation pellicle in the bed of the removed tumor. The method is based on the rational combination of cryodestruction, mechanical excision and laser coagulation: evaporation by the disfocused laser beam of the frozen bed of the tumor after its cryodestruction and mechanical excision, the principles of the ablastics are being completely kept; at the surface of the hepatic tissue the coagulation scab is being formed. Bleeding and biliary leakage are absent. This is prophylaxis of abscess, fistulas and haematomas after surgery.

The article analyses the results of operative treatment of 455 patients for hydatid disease of the abdominal organs, in particular the errors and hazards of surgical management of hydatid disease of the liver. Difficulties occur in the differential diagnosis in suppuration of hydatid cysts which had not been operated on, as well as in residual cavities in patients who had undergone surgery for this disease. The authors dwell on the diagnostic algorithm and the surgical tactics depending on the size and location of the hydatid cysts. Some problems of the operative techniques and intraoperative measures for the prevention of recurrences in complicated forms of hepatic hydatid disease are discussed. The suggested diagnostic algorithm and the surgical tactics allowed the authors to reduce diagnostic errors in this pathological condition to 3.5% and surgical mortality rates to 3.07%.

The article analyses the results of operative treatment of 455 patients for hydatid disease of the abdominal organs, in particular the errors and hazards of surgical management of hydatid disease of the liver. Difficulties occur in the differential diagnosis in suppuration of hydatid cysts which had not been operated on, as well as in residual cavities in patients who had undergone surgery for this disease. The authors dwell on the diagnostic alogirthm and the surgical tactics depending on the size and location of the hydatid cysts. Some problems of the operative techniques and intraoperative measures for the prevention of recurrences in complicated forms of hepatic hydatid disease are discussed. The suggested diagnostic algorithm and the surgical tactics allowed the authors to reduce diagnostic errors in this pathological condition to 3.5 % and surgical mortality rates to 3.07 %.