The study evaluated the effect of different cropping systems on soil fertility dynamics and depth-wise physico-chemical properties at the NSP-6 Experimental Farm at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture &Technology, Ayodhya. Total 120 soil samples were collected from 12 plots under cropping systems such as Paddy-Oat, Paddy-Wheat, Paddy-Berseem, Paddy-Wheat-Maize and Paddy-Vegetables at two depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm). Results showed that soil texture remained silty loam across all systems with sand (14.94-24.70%), silt (50.52-56.56%) and clay (22.87-29.43%), indicating no effect of cropping system on texture. Bulk density ranged from 1.52-1.58 Mg m- ³ (mean 1.55), particle density from 2.62-2.68 Mg m- ³ and porosity from 39.79-43.30%. Soil pH ranged from 8.25 to 8.91 (mean 8.62), showing alkaline nature, while EC remained low (0.28-0.41 dS m- ¹). Organic carbon varied from 2.12 to 4.45 g kg- ¹, higher in surface soils. Among cropping systems, Paddy-Wheat-Maize (C1) recorded the highest nutrient availability with nitrogen 237.41 kg ha- ¹, phosphorus 16.85 kg ha- ¹, potassium 263.51 kg ha- ¹, sulphur 11.36 mg kg- ¹ and zinc 0.39 mg kg- ¹ at 0-15 cm depth. Similarly, Paddy-Berseem showed high organic carbon (up to 4.42 g kg- ¹) and improved soil properties. In contrast, Paddy-Oat systems recorded higher pH (up to 8.91), ESP (up to 28.57%) and SAR (up to 26.19), indicating greater sodicity risk. pH and ESP (r=0.895**) and SAR (r=0.898**) had a substantial positive link according to correlation analysis, while organic carbon had a significant positive correlation with available nitrogen (r=0.831**) and sulphur (r=0.827**). On the other hand, soil pH showed a negative connection with zinc (r=-0.619*), sulphur (r=-0.654*) and nitrogen (r=-0.765**) suggesting decreased nutrient availability under higher alkalinity. A strong positive correlation between ESP and SAR (r = 0.989**) further confirmed the sodic nature of soils. Diversified cropping systems improved soil fertility and nutrient availability, whereas continuous cereal-based systems increased alkalinity and sodium accumulation. Soil properties also showed clear depth-wise variation with better fertility in surface layers.

This study assesses soil fertility in the Dubepur district of Sultanpur, located in the Indo-Gangetic plains, to elucidate how physical and chemical soil properties influence macronutrient availability under intensive agricultural practices. Recognizing soil as a dynamic, living system that sustains plant growth, nutrient cycling, water retention, and microbial activity, the research focuses on the interactions among texture, structure, porosity, pH, organic matter, cation-exchange capacity, and macronutrients (N, P, K, S). A two-village survey (Amhat and Bankepur) involved surface soils (0–15 cm) and multi-depth profiles (0–90 cm), with comprehensive analyses of pH, EC, OC, N, P, K, S, Zn, bulk and particle density, texture, and porosity. Results reveal substantial spatial variation: Bankepur exhibits higher nutrient levels (N up to 328.8 kg/ha; P up to 14.2 kg/ha; K up to 138.0 kg/ha; S up to 13.5 ppm; Zn up to 0.88 ppm) compared to Amhat, and notable differences in pH (7.1–8.2) and soil physical attributes (bulk density 1.02–1.48 g/cm³; porosity 35.1–56.4%). Across sites, phosphorus remains deficient (P < 20 kg/ha), while nitrogen shows a broader range with potential leaching risks. The study aims to correlate texture, pH, and organic matter with nutrient availability to generate site-specific management recommendations, including precision fertilization, crop rotation, and organic amendments, to enhance productivity, minimize chemical inputs, and promote sustainable soil health.

This study provides a comparative assessment of soil fertility under predominant agricultural systems in Dubeypur Block, Sultanpur, Eastern Uttar Pradesh—a region facing sustainability challenges due to intensive conventional practices. We analyzed key physico-chemical properties (bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon) and available macronutrients (N, P, K) across 300 surface soil samples (0–15 cm) from six cropping systems: Rice-Wheat (RWCS), Low-Value (LVCS), Vegetable-Based (VBCS), Horticulture-Based (HBCS), Legume-Based (LBCS), Pasture/Forest (P/FS), and Salt-Affected Soils (SAS). Results revealed significant management-driven divergence: Conservation systems (P/FS, LBCS) exhibited optimal soil structure (BD: 1.33–1.40 Mg m⁻³), near-neutral pH (7.83–8.04), higher organic carbon (5.6–6.29 g kg⁻¹), and elevated N (227.44 kg ha⁻¹) and P (19.86 kg ha⁻¹). Conversely, SAS and intensive systems (RWCS) showed degradation—higher BD (≤1.40 Mg m⁻³), alkalinity/salinity (pH ≤9.04; EC ≤1.55 dS m⁻¹), depleted OC (≤2.85 g kg⁻¹), and reduced N (≤170.16 kg ha⁻¹). Organic carbon emerged as the keystone driver of fertility. The findings underscore the urgent need for regenerative practices (organic amendments, reduced tillage, legume integration) to mitigate degradation and enhance agroecological resilience.

This study investigated how major cropping systems (Rice-Wheat/RWCS, Legume-Based/LBCS, Vegetable-Based/VBCS, Horticulture-Based/HBCS, Salt-Affected/SAS, Pasture/Forest/P/FS) influenced soil physicochemical properties at 0–15 cm depth in Bhadaiya Block, Sultanpur, within India's Indo-Gangetic Plains. The findings revealed severe soil degradation in Salt-Affected Soils (SAS), characterized by the highest bulk density (1.39 Mg m⁻³), pH (8.55), electrical conductivity (1.09 dS m⁻¹), and significantly lower organic carbon (2.97 g kg⁻¹) and available nitrogen (186.64 kg ha⁻¹), phosphorus (12.85 kg ha⁻¹), and potassium (259.25 kg ha⁻¹). Conversely, the Pasture/Forest System (P/FS) demonstrated optimal soil health, exhibiting the lowest bulk density (1.30 Mg m⁻³), highest organic carbon (6.27 g kg⁻¹), and abundant available nutrients (N: 229.28, P: 22.71, K: 280.04 kg ha⁻¹). The study highlights that systems incorporating perennial cover or minimal soil disturbance, such as P/FS and LBCS, actively improve soil fertility and structure, emphasizing the critical need for sustainable land management practices to mitigate degradation in intensively farmed areas.

This study evaluated soil physico-chemical properties under six cropping systems—Rice-Wheat (RWCS), Legume-Based (LBCS), Vegetable-Based (VBCS), Horticulture-Based (HBCS), Salt-Affected (SAS), and Pasture/Forest (P/FS)—in Kadipur Block, Sultanpur (Indo-Gangetic Plains). Soil samples (0–15 cm depth) were analyzed for bulk density (BD), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), and available N, P, K. Results revealed severe degradation in SAS: highest BD (1.37 Mg m⁻³), pH (9.03), EC (1.58 dS m⁻¹), and lowest OC (3.36 g kg⁻¹), N (171.94 kg ha⁻¹), P (15.05 kg ha⁻¹), K (249.74 kg ha⁻¹). Conversely, P/FS exhibited optimal health: lowest BD (1.32 Mg m⁻³), highest OC (6.05 g kg⁻¹), N (213.62), P (21.20), K (284.87 kg ha⁻¹). Legume-based systems (LBCS) also showed superior OC (5.28 g kg⁻¹) and nutrients. Organic carbon emerged as a key driver of soil fertility, with perennial/minimally disturbed systems (P/FS, LBCS) significantly enhancing soil quality. The study underscores the need to adopt these sustainable systems to combat degradation in intensive agricultural landscapes.

The current study aimed to investigate at the Agronomy farm (Faridpur) K.N.I.P.S.S Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh during kharif 2022-2023. The research was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 8 treatments, viz. weedy check, one hand weeding at 15 DAS, hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS, pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence (W3), quizalofop-ethyl @ 60 g /ha (20 DAS), Imazethapyr @ 60 g /ha (20 DAS), pendimethalin (PE) fb imazathapyr (20 DAS), pendimethalin (PE) fb quizalofop ethyl (20 DAS). Among all the treatments, growth and yield attributes such as pods count/plant (38.17), seeds count pod-1 (8.66) and yield (12.89 q/ha) were obtained highest with hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS. Furthermore, the concurrent use of pre- and post-emergence herbicides, demonstrated by combinations like pendimethalin (PE) followed by imazathapyr at 20 DAS and pendimethalin (PE) followed by quizalofop ethyl at 20 DAS, yielded outcomes similar to those achieved through manual weeding.

A field experiment was conducted during 2018 and 2019 at the Agronomy Research farm of A.N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, UP to evaluate the effect of foliar application of macro and micronutrients on yield and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consists of 10 treatment combinations with some foliar application macro and micronutrients two foliar spray tillering stages and a panicle initiation stage which were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed maximum grain yield (38.50 and 40.40 q ha-1), straw (51.90 and 54.60 q ha-1), and harvest index (42.64 and 42.53 %) with treatment T10-75% RDF + WSCF @ 0.5 % (19:19:19) + ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % + Boron @ 0.25 % which was statistically at par with T3- 125 % RDF and significantly superior over rest of the treatments during both the years ., was recorded Similarly significant improvement in nutrient uptake (N, P, K, S, Zn, and B) by rice was observed in T10. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of 75% RDF + WSCF @ 0.5 % (19:19:19) + ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % + Boron @ 0.25 % can improve the yield and nutrient uptake.

An experiment was conducted at Shradhay Bhagwati Singh Agriculture Research Farm (Hajipur), Chandra Bhanu Gupta Krishi Snatakottar Mahavidyalaya, B.K.T., Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) during the Kharif season of 2022. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications keeping three ages of seedlings viz., 21 days of the age of old seedlings, 28 days of the age of old seedlings and 35 days of the age of old seedlings in main plots and three plants spacing 20 cm x 10 cm, 25 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm in subplots. Results revealed that there was significant variation among different times of transplanting with respect to growth. Growth parameters were higher in paddy transplanted at 21 days of age of old seedlings as compared to the rest of the age of seedlings. The yield attributes as effective tillers m-2, panicle length (cm.), numbers of grains panicle-1, grains weight panicle-1 (g.), panicle weight (g.) and 1000 grain weight were significantly superior in paddy transplanted in 21 days of age of old seedlings. 21 days of age of old seedlings proved significantly superior in terms of grain, straw, total biological yield and harvest index when compared to the rest of the age of seedlings. The maximum N – content (%) was significantly superior in paddy transplanted in 35 days of the age of seedling in grain and straw. The N – Uptake (kg/ha.) was significantly superior in paddy transplanted in 21 days of age of seedling in grain and straw. The protein content (%) was significantly superior over in paddy transplanted at 35 days of the age of seedlings in grain and straw. The Protein – production (kg/ha.) were significantly superior in paddy transplanted at 21 days of age of seedling in grain and straw. Growth parameters such as plant height (cm.), dry matter accumulation (gm-2) and leaf area index were higher in paddy transplanted with 20 cm x 10 cm but a number of tillers (m-2) higher with 25 cm x 10 cm as compared to rest of the plant spacing. Plant spacing of 25 cm x 10 cm produced significantly more yield attributes and yield of rice. The maximum N – content (%) were significantly superior in paddy transplanted with 15 cm x 15 cm in grain and straw. The maximum N – Uptake (kg/ha.) was significantly superior in paddy transplanted with 25 cm x 10 cm in grain and straw as compared to the rest of the plant spacing. The maximum protein content (%) were significantly superior over in paddy transplanted with 15 cm x 15 cm in grain and straw. The Protein – production (kg/ha.) was significantly superior in paddy transplanted with 25 cm x 10 cm in grain and straw. Transplanting of paddy 28 days of age of old seedlings with 25 cm x 10 cm plant spacing had higher gross return, net return, and B:C ratio of rice crop.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of different nutrient management practices on growth, yield and yield attributes of wheat. Study Design: Randomized Block Design (RBD). Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2016-17 at Instructional Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) Methodology: The experiment consisting of 10 treatments, T1 Control (N-0,P-60,K-40Kg ha-1); T2 (Azotobacter); T3 (60 kg Nitrogen ha-1); T4 (40 kg Nitrogen ha-1 + Azotobacter); T5 (80 kg Nitrogen ha-1); T6 (60 kg Nitrogen + Azotobacter ); T7 (100 kg Nitrogen ha-1); T8 (80 kg Nitrogen ha-1 + Azotobacter); T9 (120 kg Nitrogen ha-1); T10 (100 kg Nitrogen ha-1+ Azotobacter) were laid down in triplicate plots in Randomized block design (RBD).Wheat variety PBW-343 was taken as test crop. Results: The results revealed that the application of chemical fertilizers @ 100 kg Nitrogen ha-1+ Azotobacter (T10) recorded the highest growth attributes viz. Plant height, dry matter accumulations, and yield attributes viz. number of grains per spike, weight of spike, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index.

The study focused to investigate the ‘Response of combined application of nutrient levels with microbial strains on crop growth, nodulation and yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.)’ at All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Integrated Farming System Research at College of Agriculture, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India during kharif, 2019-20. The research was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with 8 treatments, viz. Control with 75% RDF (T1), Control with 100% RDF (T2), 75% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as seed treatment (T3), 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as seed treatment (T4), 75% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as foliar application at 30 and 45 DAS (T5), 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as foliar application at 30 and 45 DAS (T6), 75% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as seed treatment + foliar application of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains at 30 and 45 DAS (T7) and 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as seed treatment + foliar application of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains at 30 and 45 DAS (T8). The seed yield of soybean increased to the tune of 14.26 and 19.72 per cent with application of 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as seed treatment + foliar application of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains at 30 and 45 DAS compared to control. Among all the treatments, crop growth and yield (1139 kg/ha) were observed highest with 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as seed treatment + foliar application of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains at 30 and 45 DAS.

The current study aimed to investigate the Response of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains on growth attributes and uptake of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) at All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Integrated Farming System Research at College of Agriculture, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India during kharif, 2019 & 20. The study was carried out in randomized block design (RBD) with 8 treatments, viz. Control with 75% RDF (T1), Control with 100% RDF (T2), 75% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as seed treatment (T3), 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as seed treatment (T4), 75% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as foliar application at 30 and 45 DAS (T5), 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as foliar application at 30 and 45 DAS (T6), 75% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as seed treatment + foliar application of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains at 30 and 45 DAS (T7) and 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains as seed treatment + foliar application of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus strains at 30 and 45 DAS (T8). Among all the treatments, growth parameters, NPK uptake by grain and straw and total uptake by crop were observed highest with 100% RDF with Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus as seed treatment + foliar application of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus at 30 and 45 DAS.

An experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2020-21 at Instructional Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva Univ. of Agric. & Technology, Narendra Nagar, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) to evaluate the effect of different nutrient management practices on growth and yield attributes of wheat. The experiment consisting of 11 treatments, T1 (Control); T2 (chemical fertilizers at 100% RDF); T3 (chemical fertilizers at 75% RDF); T4 (T3 + paddy straw); T5 (T3 + paddy straw + microbial decomposer at 100 ml/plot); T6 (T3 + paddy straw + microbial decomposer at 250 ml/plot); T7 (T3 + paddy straw + microbial decomposer at 500 ml/plot); T8[T3 + (PSB + Mycorrhiza) at 50 ml/plot]; T9[T3+ (PSB + Mycorrhiza) at at 100 ml/plot]; T10[T3 + paddy straw + microbial decomposer at 250 ml/plot + (PSB + Mycorrhiza) at 50 ml/plot]; T11[paddy straw + microbial decomposer at 250 ml/plot + (PSB + Mycorrhiza) at 50 ml/plot) were laid down in triplicate plots in Randomized block design (RBD).Wheat variety PBW-373 was taken as test crop. The results revealed that the application of chemical fertilizersat 75% RDF paddy straw + microbial decomposer at at 250 ml/plot + (PSB + Mycorrhiza) at at 50 ml/plot (T10) recorded significantly higher growth attributes viz. Plant height dry matter accumulations, leaf area index, and yield attributes viz. number of grains per spike, weight of spike, test weight, grain yield, straw yield also biological yield along with harvest index.

Background: Anterior knee instability associated with rupture of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a disabling clinical problem in general and especially in athletic individuals. ACL has a poor capacity of healing. The need for surgical correction of ACL injuries arises because, untreated complete injury to the ligament leads to progressive symptomatic instability leading to recurrent injury and damage to the menisci and articular cartilage thus resulting in early osteoarthritis. The bone-patellar tendon-bone auto graft has been widely accepted as the gold standard for ACL reconstruction with a high success rate. Aim: To study the functional outcome of ACL reconstruction using BPTB graft, various advantages and complications following ACL reconstruction using BPTB graft.Methods: The present study was carried out at Department of orthopaedics, Navodaya Medical College and Hospital, Raichur. It is a Descriptive observational study. All patients (30) with diagnosis of ACL tear are included during the period of September 2017 to August 2019.Results: Majority of the patients i.e. 12 (40%) were from 15-25 years age group Male predominance was found in our study. 24 (80%) patients were males and 1 (20%) patient were females. Male to female ratio was 4:1.Right knee involvement was seen in 18 patients i.e. 60% and left sided knee involvement was seen in 12 (40%). In majority of the patients i.e 15 (50%), sports was the commonest mode of injury. Knee pain was commonest symptom in 15 i.e. 50% patients. Instability was complained by 9 (30%), knee pain with instability by 4 (13.3%) and locking by 2 (6.7%). Mean score at 3 months was 80.2±12.3. At 6 months was 85.3±9.2. At 1 year was 91.1±8.7. At 18 months was 94.2±8.1 and at 2 years it was 95.8±7.1. When we compared the mean XIV score at different follow up periods, it was found to be statistically significant (p

Background: Proximal humerus fractures are common and debilitating injuries and incidence of them are increasing especially in elderly. Treatment of unstable, displaced, and comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus remains challenging. Significant controversy continues regarding the best methods of treating displaced proximal humerus fractures. Fracture classification has been inconsistent and surgical treatment have been variable. Most studies indicate that for the majority of good results of fractures of this region are obtained by conservative methods. Some studies state that operative treatment is better, depending on type of fracture and the quality of the bone. This present study is aimed to assess the functional outcome in proximal humerus fractures treated surgically with PHILOS (Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System) plate and percutaneous K-wire fixation in the indicated group of patients. Aim: To assess the functional outcome in proximal humerus fractures treated surgically with PHILOS (Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System) plate and percutaneous K-wire fixation in the indicated group of patients. Methods: This is a prospective study, period from December 2019 to August 2021, and a minimum of 50 sites of proximal humerus fractures were attended in the casualty and OPD were evaluated clinically and radiographically. Results: Functional assessment using NEER’s score was found to be significantly more in group A subjects as compared to group B subjects at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months. At 6th week, TRU score was found to be significantly more in Group B subjects as compared to Group A subjects.

Soil quality deterioration, especially in intensive cropping system has become a serious problem for crop productivity. Consequently, strategies for sustainable crop production and soil health are urgently required. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to study the impact of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on yield attributes and yield of maize-mustard cropping system during two consecutive kharif and rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design assigning eight treatments of organic and inorganic nutrient sources comprising of (T1) RDF (120:60:40 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1), (T2) RDF + Zn, (T3) RDF + S, (T4) RDF + Zn + S, (T5) RDF + VC (5 t ha-1), (T6) RDF + VC (10 t ha-1), (T7) RDF + FYM (5 t ha-1) and (T8) RDF + FYM (10 t ha-1) and were replicated thrice. The results reported that the higher yield attributes and yield of maize viz., number of cobs plant-1, number of seeds cob-1, cob length, seed yield, stover yield and biological yield and for mustard viz., siliquae plant-1, number of seeds siliquae-1, length of siliquae, seed yield, stover yield and biological yield were recorded with application of RDF + VC (10 t ha-1) which was statistically at par with RDF + FYM (10 t ha-1). However, seed index/test weight and harvest index of maize-mustard cropping was failed to show any significant effect due to above treatments.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is by far the most common form of joint disease throughout the world. It is strongly associated with age, and extremely common in older people, Some studies estimate that over 80% of people over 55 years of age have osteoarthritis of at least one joint. It mainly affects the hips, knees, spine, hands and feet. Hip and knee OA are the most important because of the high prevalence of pain and disability that they cause in older adults. Methodology: Patients visiting the Department Of Orthopaedics, Narayan Medical College and Hospital that meet the inclusion criteria. Patient were be divided into 2 groups randomly (30 in each group).one group was administered intra- articular corticosteroid injection (1 ml of triamcinolone acetonide with 1ml of 2% lignocaine without epinephrine). And the other group was administered intra-articular prp injection into the affected knee (5 ml of prp). Following treatment they were assessed using mcmaster universities arthritis index (womac) [56 visual analogue scale (vas), scoring systems which will be recorded through questionnaires prior to the injection to record baseline scores and post injection then at 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12months follow-up. Result: Significant difference was seen in mean WOMAC scores in Group A and Group B at 1 week, 4weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 12 months but no significant differences were observed at 6 months. Significant differences were seen in the VAS score for Group A and Group B subjects at 1 week, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months and 12 months when compared using independent t test as p

Background: Fractures are the commonest injury among the victims of non-fatal road traffic accidents, and it commonly involves the bones of the lower extremity. This can be due to the interplay of gravitational force and velocity of the vehicle at the time of accidents. Tibial fractures are the most common type of long bone fractures and are the most common open fractures. Based on the fracture location in the bone, distal tibia fractures have the second highest incidence of all tibia fractures. The relatively tenuous blood supply, subcutaneous location of the tibia, mechanism of injury, and use of certain treatment methods contribute to a relatively high incidence of post traumatic complications following tibia fractures. These complex open fractures which are produced by high energy forces, threaten to pose a challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. Considerable advances in the methods and concepts of internal fixation along with newer innovations in implants help to meet such challenging tasks.Aim: To evaluate the efficacy, functional and radiological outcome of distal third tibia fractures managed by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis.Methods: This is a prospective study, period from December 2019 to May 2021, and a minimum of 30 cases with fractures of distal tibia were attended in the casualty and OPD and were admitted in this hospital and were evaluated clinically and radio graphically.Results: All fractures healed without the need of any secondary procedures. There was no noticeable mal- alignment or non-union. Functional outcome was good to excellent in all patients. Average time to bony union was 24 weeks.Conclusions: From our study it is further proved that the effectiveness of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis is a good and safe technique for treatment of distal tibial fractures without intra- articular comminution providing fracture healing, rapid functional recovery, along with avoidance of major complications.

Background: Excellent results for plate fixation in displaced diaphyseal fractures of both bone of forearm have been reported by various authors, but only a few authors have focused on plate fixation in the management of open diaphyseal fractures of both the radius and ulna. Aim: This present study is aimed to assess the functional outcome of dynamic compression plating and intramedullary nailing of diaphyseal fracture of both bones forearm. Methods: This series consists of 50 cases of fracture both bone of forearm by open reduction and internal fixation with dynamic compression plate, closed reduction with intramedullary nailing by TENS between the period of 2 years at a tertiary care hospital after obtaining the clearance by the hospital ethical committee. Of the above cases 25 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with dynamic compression plate and 25 cases were treated with closed reduction and internal fixation with TENS. Results: Even though, plate osteosynthesis is still the most commonly used form of fixation in adult both bone forearm fractures, both titanium elastic nail and interlocking nail fixation are relatively newer techniques which offer a viable and more efficient alternative especially in fixation of fractures involving shafts of radius and ulna. Conclusions: Increased incidence of forearm fractures was probably due to increasing road traffic accidents and fall. Forearm fractures occurs more commonly in second and third decade. Male predominance was seen. Open reduction and internal fixation can be considered as the treatment of choice if there is no contraindication. It is important to maintain length, opposition, axial alignment, and rotational alignment in order to restore good range of movement of forearm. This is achieved in the present study.

An experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Student instructional Farm, A.N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.). To study the effect of paddy straw management practices on productivity and profitability of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications and thirteen treatments. The result revealed that, among the different paddy straw management practices, treatments consisting T 11 -NPK + Paddy straw + Extra N (30 kg ha -1 ) + nutrient mobilizing microbial consortium registered maximum grain yield (48.25 q ha -1 and 50.12 q ha -1 during 2019 and 2020, respectively), straw yield (60.55 q ha -1 and 62.10 q ha -1 during 2019 and 2020, respectively), and harvest index (45.03% and 45.06% during 2019 and 2020 respectively,), similarly the maximum net return (Rs. 81060 ha -1 ) with higher B:C ratio (1.84) was observed with this treatments.

The man who has actually ‘fallen on feet’ is perhaps less fortunate than the idiom would suggest as he may have sustained fractures of spine, pelvis, and most importantly, Calcaneum. Despite the surgeon’s extensive experience with this injury, it’s a major socio-economic impact with regard to the time lost from work and recreation, and despite the attention given to it for many years throughout the world, whether to operate or conserve the intra articular fracture remains a dilemma. To compare the functional outcomes of intra-articular calcaneal fractures, treated with operative management by open reduction and internal fixation with plating and conservative management with cast application. The objectives were determined by the following parameters a) functional scoring system which includes: pain on activity, pain at rest, Range of Inversion/Eversion, Activity Return to Work Change in shoe size, Swelling. b) Radiographic assessment in form of X-rays and CT scan Bohler’s Angle, Heel varus deformity. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the functional outcomes of intra-articular calcaneal fractures, treated with operative management by open reduction and internal fixation with plating and conservative management with cast application. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, randomized, evaluative study. Patients in age group of 20-60 years were randomly divided into two groups of 20 each Group A – Operative group, Group B – Conservative group. Open fractures & Patients presenting after 2 weeks of injury were excluded from the study. Results: The functional outcome of operative group (mean 83.9) was slightly better than the conservative group (mean 78.22). But this was not statistically significant. A large previous trial showed similar results. Approximately 73% (22) patients from both groups had good to excellent results. Conclusion: Displaced and comminuted fractures managed surgically have a relatively better functional outcome as compared to conservative. Functional outcomes of operative group weren’t significantly better than those of conservative group.