This paper presents an off-grid hybrid power system. This hybrid power is sustained by three power sources, i.e., sunlight based power by photovoltaics, battery bank, and bio-gas. To meet a relatively downsized electricity demand in comparison to main grid load, i.e., the load of small villages, household appliances or small domestic industries of the order of 1.6 MW, a satisfactory amount of generation can be available using the hybrid bio-gas plant, results in meeting the peak demand and getting the garbage used. The results of the simulation evinces that the amplitudes and periods of AC yield voltage are very much controlled. It is estimated that this type of power generation system, in which renewable energies are being utilized, will supply electric power and give security of the earth in rustic areas and rural zone with no reliance on grid control supply.

This paper proposes a mathematical model of multi-featured prepaid-postpaid energy meter. These features are (a) automatic billing, (b) prepaid collection, (c) choice of prepaid or postpaid, (d) detection of abnormal operational condition, (e) protection against electricity theft, (f) data sharing between consumer and utility end, (g) improved accuracy, (h) user friendly as well as economical and (i) motivating towards electric energy conservation. The model uses RS-232 and GSM module for two-way communication. The proposed model is simulated and tested over MATLAB/ Simulink ® platform. The results obtained are promising and complying with the existing features of the energy meter.