Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disorder of the pulmonary vasculature caused due to vasoconstriction, vasodestruction, or vaso-obliteration. PH results from heterogeneous pathophysiologic mechanisms culminating in elevation of mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Patients may either present with symptoms or with chest radiographic, electrocardiographic, or echocardiographic findings done as a part of diagnostic evaluation for the primary disease or as a part of preoperative assessment. And hence, the clinician resorted to could be a family physician, pulmonologist, cardiologist, surgeon, or anesthesiologist. Hence, there is a necessity of a basic awareness about its clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, and the available treatment options. The diagnosis can be perplexing and warrants a stepwise evaluation. Echocardiography (ECHO) is the preliminary diagnostic modality and provides a fairly accurate judgment of the pulmonary artery pressure; however, some patients may require an invasive evaluation by right heart catheterization. The definitive management of PH depends on the underlying etiology. Pulmonary arterial hypertension has a specific set of targeted pharmacotherapy, while for other categories of PH, treatment majorly focuses on counseling, management of the underlying disorder, and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. The 6th World Symposium on PH has catered to all these issues and has incorporated manifold pertinent modifications in all these areas. Hence, we conducted an online survey to gauge the awareness about the entity and its facets among pulmonologists and penned down this review based the current concepts about PH to bridge the gaps in the existing knowledge.

Tuberculosis (TB) updates and guidelines have been published rapidly in last few years. The WHO and RNTCP have recommended suggestions that have changed the diagnostics and therapeutics paradigm in 2019. The rapid nature of these changes need to be appraised at the pulmonologist end. We conducted a google survey to study these gaps and subsequently review TB in 2019 focusing on the gaps in the survey. We narrate a short review covering the important diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in brief. We discuss the results of our google survey to address the knowledge gaps. Diagnosis, principles and rationale of therapy and treatment of drug sensitive and drug resistant tuberculosis including the shorter regimen and regrouping of drugs are important considerations of our review.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), a part of Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), are small round cell tumors, arising from embryonic neural crest cells. They usually present with chest pain , and dyspnea. There is tenderness of chest wall. Primary pleural PNETS are a rare entity. We present a rare case of primary PNET which was incidentally diagnosed in a young patient with blunt chest trauma.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening disease seen more commonly in critically ill patients and immunocompromised individuals. Tracheobronchial aspergillosis (TBA) is a variant of IPA which mimics bronchopneumonia usually but can present with acute respiratory distress. Clinical suspicion of the diagnosis and prompt treatment is lifesaving for TBA. Here, we present a rare case report of a patient of unresectable tracheobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma who presented with acute respiratory distress and responded to prompt action and antifungals.