. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A Brief History of Termite Systematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Key to the Extant Families of Isoptera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Key to the Subfamilies of Termitidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Key to Genera of the Family Kalotermitidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Diagnoses of Families and Subfamilies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Pest Species of Isoptera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Termite Evolution: Diversity, Distributions, Phylogeny, Fossil Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Summary Classification of Isoptera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 The Taxonomic Compendium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Nomenclatural Changes Made in This Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Museums and Repositories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

The Commission has conserved the usage of the specific name Cryptotermes dudleyi Banks, 1918 for an important economic termite pest species by giving the specific name dudleyi precedence over parasita whenever the two are considered to be synonyms.

The purpose of this application, under Articles 23.9.3 and 81 of the Code, is to conserve the usage of the specific name Cryptotermes dudleyi Banks, 1918 for an important economic termite pest species introduced throughout much of the world by man.The senior name, Calotermes havilandi parasita Wasmann, 1910 (currently Cryptotermes parasita), is poorly known, not widely used, and applied only to a population of restricted distribution, while the junior name has been universally used in an extensive systematic, biological, and pest management literature since 1918 when it was first proposed.It is accordingly proposed that the specific name dudleyi be given precedence over parasita whenever the two are considered to be synonyms.

The most diverse and best-preserved paleofauna of the higher termites heretofore known, all found in Miocene amber of the Dominican Republic, is described. The imago of Coplotermes priscus Emerson is redescribed, and the soldier of C priscus, the first known fossil soldier of this genus, is described. The fauna includes the following 29 new species, all in existing genera, with Krishna and Grimaldi as authors of each: in the Rhinotermitidae, two new species based on imagoes of each-Coluotermes hirsutus and C paleodominicanus; in the Termitidae, 23 new species based on imagoes-Amitermes lucidus, Anoplotermes bohio, A. cacique, A. carib, A. maboya, A. naboria, A. nitaino, A. quisqueya, A. taino, Atlantitermes antillea, A. caribea, A. magnoculus, Microcerotermes insulanus, M. setosus, Nasutitermes amplioculatus, N. incisus, N. magnocellus, N. medioculatus, N. pilosus, N. seminudus, Subulitermes hispaniola, S. insularis, and Termes primitivus; in the Nasutitermitinae four new species based on nasute soldiers-Caribitermes hispaniola, Nasutitermes rotundicephalus, Parvitermes longinasus, and Velocitermes bulbus. This brings the total termite fauna in Dominican amber to four families, 17 genera, and 39 species, a number that exceeds that of the present-day fauna of Hispaniola. Biogeographical, paleoecological, and phylogenetic implications of the Dominican amber termites are discussed.

Like ants. termites are entirely eusocial and have profound ecological significance in the tropics. Following upon recent studies reporting more than a quarter of all known fossil termites. we present the first phylogeny of termite lineages using exemplar Cretaceous, Tertiary. and Recent taxa. Relationships among Recent families were largely unaffected by the addition of extinct taxa, but the analysis revealed extensive grades of stem-group taxa and the divergence of some modern families in the Cretaceous. Rhinotermitidae, Serritermitidae, and the "higher" termites (family Termitidae), which comprise 84%, of the world termite species, diverged and radiated entirely in the Tertiary, corresponding to a significant increase in termite individuals in the fossil record. Radiation of the higher termites may have affected the formation of terrestrial carbon reserves like oil and coal. The higher classification of Isoptera is slightly revised based oil the phylogenetic results. The following new taxa are proposed: Cratomastotermitidae, new family; Euisoptera, new clade; Archotermopsidae, new family; and Neoisoptera, new clade. In addition, the families Stolotermitidae, Stylotermitidae, and Archeorhinotermitidae are newly recognized or resurrected, and the families Termopsidae and Hodotermitidae are significantly restricted in composition.

Abstract The termite species from Brazil's Early Cretaceous (Aptian-aged) Crato (Santana) Formation are evaluated on the basis of the degree of character variation seen in modern species, using a series of 56 specimens, scanning electron microscopy of minute structures, and a bivariate plot of the proportional sizes of sclerotized body structures. Of the previously described species only the following are considered valid: Mariconitermes talicei Fontes and Vulcano, Meiatermes araripena Krishna, Cratomastotermes wolfschwenningeri Bechly, Cratokalotermes santanensis Bechly, and Cretarhinotermes novaolindense Bechly. The combination M. araripena Krishna (once placed in Cretatermes) is restored, and Cretatermes pereirai Fontes and Vulcano is proposed as a junior synonym of M. araripena. The following new species is described: Meiatermes hariolus Grimaldi, new species. The following are considered nomina dubia based on superficial and even contradictory diagnoses: Caatingatermitinae Martins-Neto et al. (likely synonymous with Hodotermitinae); Araripetermes nativa Martins-Neto et al. (nomen incorrectum, recte: nativus), Caatingatermes megacephalus Martins-Neto et al., and Nordestinatermes obesa Martins-Neto et al. (nomen incorrectum, recte: obesus). These are probably all new synonyms of the Cretaceous genus Meiatermes Lacasa-Ruiz and Martínez-Delclòs and of M. araripena in particular, but this assertion cannot be verified without access to the type specimens. Of the six definitive species of Crato termites, reconstructions are provided for four. All species appear to be basal taxa, either a stem group to Isoptera, to Hodotermitidae sensu lato, or to Kalotermitidae. Despite very partial preservation, Cretarhinotermes appears to be within the hodotermitid grade and not a rhinotermitid. Some specimens have yielded detailed preservation of soft internal tissues, including the midgut, which has further phylogenetic implications.

A number of phylogenetic studies during the last decade have shown that termites—one of the main groups of eusocial insects—are a type of cockroach, whose closest living relative is the wood-feeding genus Cryptocercus (reviewed in [Klass & Meier (2006)][1] and [Inward et al. (2007)][2]). Inward

Restricted accessMoreSectionsView Full TextView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Lo Nathan, Engel Michael S, Cameron Stephen, Nalepa Christine A, Tokuda Gaku, Grimaldi David, Kitade Osamu, Krishna Kumar, Klass Klaus-Dieter, Maekawa Kiyoto, Miura Toru and Thompson Graham J 2007Save Isoptera: A comment on Inward et al.Biol. Lett.3562–563http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0264SectionRestricted accessPhylogenySave Isoptera: A comment on Inward et al. Nathan Lo Nathan Lo Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of SydneySydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia [email protected] Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Michael S Engel Michael S Engel Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, University of KansasLawrence, KS 66049-2811, USA Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY 10024, USA Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Stephen Cameron Stephen Cameron CSIRO Entomology, CanberraAustralian Capital Territory 2601, Australia Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Christine A Nalepa Christine A Nalepa Department of Entomology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Gaku Tokuda Gaku Tokuda Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of the RyukyusNishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , David Grimaldi David Grimaldi Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY 10024, USA Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Osamu Kitade Osamu Kitade Natural History Laboratory, College of Science, Ibaraki UniversityMito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Kumar Krishna Kumar Krishna Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY 10024, USA Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Klaus-Dieter Klass Klaus-Dieter Klass State Natural History Collections Dresden, Museum of Zoology01109 Dresden, Germany Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Kiyoto Maekawa Kiyoto Maekawa Department of Biology, University of ToyamaGofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Toru Miura Toru Miura Laboratory of Ecology and Genetics, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810, Japan Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Graham J Thompson Graham J Thompson Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of SydneySydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Nathan Lo Nathan Lo Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of SydneySydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia [email protected] Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , Michael S Engel Michael S Engel Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, University of KansasLawrence, KS 66049-2811, USA Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY 10024, USA Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , Stephen Cameron Stephen Cameron CSIRO Entomology, CanberraAustralian Capital Territory 2601, Australia Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , Christine A Nalepa Christine A Nalepa Department of Entomology, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , Gaku Tokuda Gaku Tokuda Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of the RyukyusNishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , David Grimaldi David Grimaldi Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY 10024, USA Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , Osamu Kitade Osamu Kitade Natural History Laboratory, College of Science, Ibaraki UniversityMito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , Kumar Krishna Kumar Krishna Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural HistoryNew York, NY 10024, USA Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , Klaus-Dieter Klass Klaus-Dieter Klass State Natural History Collections Dresden, Museum of Zoology01109 Dresden, Germany Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , Kiyoto Maekawa Kiyoto Maekawa Department of Biology, University of ToyamaGofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed , Toru Miura Toru Miura Laboratory of Ecology and Genetics, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810, Japan Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed and Graham J Thompson Graham J Thompson Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of SydneySydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Published:14 August 2007https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0264"Save Isoptera: A comment on Inward et al.." Biology Letters, 3(5), pp. 562–563ReferencesEngel M.S& Krishna K. 2004Family-group names for termites (Isoptera). Am. Mus. Nov 3432, 1–9.doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)432<0001:FNFTI>2.0.CO;2. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarInward D, Beccaloni G& Eggleton P. 2007Death of an order: a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study confirms that termites are eusocial cockroaches. Biol. Lett 3, 331–335.doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0102. Link, ISI, Google ScholarKlass K.D& Meier R. 2006A phylogenetic analysis of Dictyoptera (Insecta) based on morphological characters. Entomol. Abh 63, 3–50. Google Scholar Previous ArticleNext Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsCited by Chouvenc T, Šobotník J, Engel M and Bourguignon T (2021) Termite evolution: mutualistic associations, key innovations, and the rise of Termitidae, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 10.1007/s00018-020-03728-z, 78:6, (2749-2769), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021. Zhao Z, Shih C, Gao T and Ren D (2021) Termite communities and their early evolution and ecology trapped in Cretaceous Amber, Cretaceous Research, 10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104612, 117, (104612), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021. Zhao Z, Yin X, Shih C, Gao T and Ren D (2019) Termite colonies from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar demonstrate their early eusocial lifestyle in damp wood, National Science Review, 10.1093/nsr/nwz141, 7:2, (381-390), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2020. Pournou A (2020) Biology of Wood Deteriogens Biodeterioration of Wooden Cultural Heritage, 10.1007/978-3-030-46504-9_3, (99-176), . Sánchez-García A, Peñalver E, Delclòs X and Engel M (2020) Early Cretaceous termites in amber from northern Spain (Isoptera), Cretaceous Research, 10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104385, 110, (104385), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020. Pournou A (2020) Wood Deterioration by Insects Biodeterioration of Wooden Cultural Heritage, 10.1007/978-3-030-46504-9_7, (425-526), . Miura T (2018) Juvenile hormone as a physiological regulator mediating phenotypic plasticity in pancrustaceans, Development, Growth & Differentiation, 10.1111/dgd.12572, 61:1, (85-96), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2019. Matsunami M, Nozawa M, Suzuki R, Toga K, Masuoka Y, Yamaguchi K, Maekawa K, Shigenobu S and Miura T (2018) Caste-specific microRNA expression in termites: insights into soldier differentiation, Insect Molecular Biology, 10.1111/imb.12530, 28:1, (86-98), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2019. Zhao Z, Ren D and Shih C (2019) Termitoidae - Termites Rhythms of Insect Evolution, 10.1002/9781119427957.ch8, (113-119) Bignell D (2018) Wood-Feeding Termites Saproxylic Insects, 10.1007/978-3-319-75937-1_11, (339-373), . Engel M and Kaulfuss U (2016) Diverse, primitive termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, incertae sedis ) from the early Miocene of New Zealand , Austral Entomology, 10.1111/aen.12216, 56:1, (94-103), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2017. Bignell D (2016) The Role of Symbionts in the Evolution of Termites and Their Rise to Ecological Dominance in the Tropics The Mechanistic Benefits of Microbial Symbionts, 10.1007/978-3-319-28068-4_6, (121-172), . ISHIKAWA Y (2016) Physiological and neural mechanisms underlying the division of labor in termite, Hikaku seiri seikagaku(Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry), 10.3330/hikakuseiriseika.33.191, 33:4, (191-202), . Scholtz C (2016) The Higher Classification of Southern African Insects, African Entomology, 10.4001/003.024.0545, 24:2, (545-555), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2016. Sugime Y, Ogawa K, Watanabe D, Shimoji H, Koshikawa S and Miura T (2015) Expansion of presoldier cuticle contributes to head elongation during soldier differentiation in termites, The Science of Nature, 10.1007/s00114-015-1322-3, 102:11-12, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2015. Delattre O, Sillam-Dussès D, Jandák V, Brothánek M, Rücker K, Bourguignon T, Vytisková B, Cvačka J, Jiříček O and Šobotník J (2015) Complex alarm strategy in the most basal termite species, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 10.1007/s00265-015-2007-9, 69:12, (1945-1955), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2015. Korb J (2015) Juvenile Hormone Genomics, Physiology and Behaviour of Social Insects, 10.1016/bs.aiip.2014.12.004, (131-161), . Ewart D and Cookson L (2014) Termites and Timber Deterioration and Protection of Sustainable Biomaterials, 10.1021/bk-2014-1158.ch009, (159-181), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2014. Bignell D and Jones D (2014) A Taxonomic Index, with Names of Descriptive Authorities of Termite Genera and Species: An Accompaniment to Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis (Bignell DE, Roisin Y, Lo N, Editors. 2011. Springer, Dordrecht. 576 pp.) , Journal of Insect Science, 10.1673/031.014.81, 14:81, (1-33), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014. Buder G and Klass K (2013) A comparative study of the hypopharynx in Dictyoptera (Insecta), Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 10.1016/j.jcz.2012.10.004, 252:3, (383-403), Online publication date: 1-May-2013. Xing L, Roberts E, Harris J, Gingras M, Ran H, Zhang J, Xu X, Burns M and Dong Z (2013) Novel insect traces on a dinosaur skeleton from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation of China, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.07.028, 388, (58-68), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2013. Engel P and Moran N (2013) The gut microbiota of insects – diversity in structure and function, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 10.1111/1574-6976.12025, 37:5, (699-735), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2013. Rust M and Su N (2012) Managing Social Insects of Urban Importance, Annual Review of Entomology, 10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100634, 57:1, (355-375), Online publication date: 7-Jan-2012. Tokuda G, Watanabe H, Hojo M, Fujita A, Makiya H, Miyagi M, Arakawa G and Arioka M (2012) Cellulolytic environment in the midgut of the wood-feeding higher termite Nasutitermes takasagoensis, Journal of Insect Physiology, 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.10.012, 58:1, (147-154), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2012. Yeates D, Cameron S and Trautwein M (2012) A view from the edge of the forest: recent progress in understanding the relationships of the insect orders, Australian Journal of Entomology, 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2012.00857.x, 51:2, (79-87), Online publication date: 1-May-2012. Cameron S, Lo N, Bourguignon T, Svenson G and Evans T (2012) A mitochondrial genome phylogeny of termites (Blattodea: Termitoidae): Robust support for interfamilial relationships and molecular synapomorphies define major clades, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.034, 65:1, (163-173), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2012. Cullen D (2012) RNAi Unravels the Biology of the Hemimetabolous and Ametabolous Insects Small RNAs - Their Diversity, Roles and Practical uses, 10.1016/B978-0-12-387680-5.00002-1, (37-72), . Hongoh Y (2011) Toward the functional analysis of uncultivable, symbiotic microorganisms in the termite gut, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 10.1007/s00018-011-0648-z, 68:8, (1311-1325), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2011. Nalepa C (2010) Altricial Development in Wood-Feeding Cockroaches: The Key Antecedent of Termite Eusociality Biology of Termites: a Modern Synthesis, 10.1007/978-90-481-3977-4_4, (69-95), . Lo N and Eggleton P (2010) Termite Phylogenetics and Co-cladogenesis with Symbionts Biology of Termites: a Modern Synthesis, 10.1007/978-90-481-3977-4_2, (27-50), . Rosengaus R, Traniello J and Bulmer M (2010) Ecology, Behavior and Evolution of Disease Resistance in Termites Biology of Termites: a Modern Synthesis, 10.1007/978-90-481-3977-4_7, (165-191), . Neef A, Latorre A, Peretó J, Silva F, Pignatelli M and Moya A (2011) Genome Economization in the Endosymbiont of the Wood Roach Cryptocercus punctulatus Due to Drastic Loss of Amino Acid Synthesis Capabilities, Genome Biology and Evolution, 10.1093/gbe/evr118, 3, (1437-1448), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2011. Eggleton P (2010) An Introduction to Termites: Biology, Taxonomy and Functional Morphology Biology of Termites: a Modern Synthesis, 10.1007/978-90-481-3977-4_1, (1-26), . Béthoux O (2010) Optimality of phylogenetic nomenclatural procedures, Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 10.1007/s13127-010-0005-3, 10:2, (173-191), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2010. Nalepa C (2010) Altricial development in subsocial cockroach ancestors: foundation for the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in termites, Evolution & Development, 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2009.00394.x, 12:1, (95-105), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2010. BÉTHOUX O (2009) Gaps and nodes between fossil and extant insects, Systematic Entomology, 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00484.x, 34:4, (599-609), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2009. BÉTHOUX O and WIELAND F (2009) Evidence for Carboniferous origin of the order Mantodea (Insecta: Dictyoptera) gained from forewing morphology, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00485.x, 156:1, (79-113), Online publication date: 1-May-2009. Vršanský P, Liang J and Ren D Advanced morphology and behaviour of extinct earwig-like cockroaches (Blattida: Fuziidae fam. nov.), Geologica Carpathica, 10.2478/v10096-009-0033-0, 60:6, (449-462) IKEDA-OHTSUBO W and BRUNE A (2009) Cospeciation of termite gut flagellates and their bacterial endosymbionts: Trichonympha species and ' Candidatus Endomicrobium trichonymphae' , Molecular Ecology, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04029.x, 18:2, (332-342), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2009. Cribb B, Stewart A, Huang H, Truss R, Noller B, Rasch R and Zalucki M (2008) Unique zinc mass in mandibles separates drywood termites from other groups of termites, Naturwissenschaften, 10.1007/s00114-008-0346-3, 95:5, (433-441), Online publication date: 1-May-2008. Klass K, Nalepa C and Lo N (2008) Wood-feeding cockroaches as models for termite evolution (Insecta: Dictyoptera): Cryptocercus vs. Parasphaeria boleiriana, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.028, 46:3, (809-817), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2008. Korb J and Hartfelder K (2008) Life history and development - a framework for understanding developmental plasticity in lower termites, Biological Reviews, 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2008.00044.x, 83:3, (295-313), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2008. Koshikawa S, Miyazaki S, Cornette R, Matsumoto T and Miura T (2008) Genome size of termites (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Isoptera) and wood roaches (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Cryptocercidae), Naturwissenschaften, 10.1007/s00114-008-0395-7, 95:9, (859-867), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2008. Eggleton P, Beccaloni G and Inward D (2007) Response to Lo et al., Biology Letters, 3:5, (564-565), Online publication date: 22-Oct-2007. Hayashi Y, Lo N, Miyata H and Kitade O (2007) Sex-Linked Genetic Influence on Caste Determination in a Termite, Science, 10.1126/science.1146711, 318:5852, (985-987), Online publication date: 9-Nov-2007. Alavi R (2003) Review: Nobility under the Mughals (1628–58) Firdos Anwar, Journal of Islamic Studies, 10.1093/jis/14.1.81, 14:1, (81-84), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2003. Auer L, Lazuka A, Sillam-Dussès D, Miambi E, O'Donohue M and Hernandez-Raquet G (2017) Uncovering the Potential of Termite Gut Microbiome for Lignocellulose Bioconversion in Anaerobic Batch Bioreactors, Frontiers in Microbiology, 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02623, 8 Florencio D, Marins A, Rosa C, Cristaldo P, Araújo A, Silva I, DeSouza O and Lorenzo M (2013) Diet Segregation between Cohabiting Builder and Inquiline Termite Species, PLoS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0066535, 8:6, (e66535) This Issue22 October 2007Volume 3Issue 5 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0264PubMed:17698448Published by:Royal SocietyOnline ISSN:1744-957XHistory: Manuscript received18/05/2007Manuscript accepted11/06/2007Published online14/08/2007Published in print22/10/2007 License:© 2007 The Royal Society Citations and impact Large datasets are available through Biology Letters' partnership with Dryad

Die bisher bekannte Trockenholztermiten-Fauna (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) aus dem Dominikanischen Bernstein des Frühen Miozän (Burdigalian) wird revidiert. Dem früher beschriebenem Cryptotermes yamini Krishna & Bacchus werden vier Arten hinzugefügt: Incisitermes peritus sp. n., Glyptotermes paleoliberatus sp. n., G. grimaldii sp. n. und Cryptotermes glaesarius sp. n. Der Fund von Incisitermes ist der erste für die Gattung im Dominikanischen Bernstein; die einzige andere Spezies, I. krishnai Emerson, stammt aus dem spätoligozänen Bernstein von Chiapas, Mexiko (deskriptive Anmerkungen und neue Photos von I. krishnai werden angefügt). Die Glyptotermes-Arten sind die ersten neuweltlichen und tertiären Fossilien der Gattung; der einzige andere Fund ist eine Art aus pleistozänem Kopal von Afrika.ResumenSe revisa la fauna de termitas de madera seca (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) del Mioceno basal (Burdigaliano) presente en ámbar de la República Dominicana. Además de la previamente descrita Cryptotermes yamini Krishna y Bacchus, se añaden cuatro nuevas especies a la fauna: Incisitermes peritus sp. n.; Glyptotermes paleoliberatus sp. n.; G. grimaldii sp. n.; y Cryptotermes glaesarius sp. n. El registro de Incisitermes es el primero de este género en ámbar dominicano, siendo I. krishnai Emerson en ámbar del OligocenoMioceno de Chiapas, México, la única otra especie conocida en ámbar (se incluyen notas descriptivas y fotografías nuevas de I. krishnai). Las especies de Glyptotermes son los primeros fósiles del género registrados para el Nuevo Mundo y el periodo Terciario, el único otro registro conocido es una especie en copal del Pleistoceno proveniente de África.StichwörterIsoptera, termite, Miocene, Tertiary, Paleontology, taxonomy.Nomenklatorische Handlungenglaesarius Engel & Krishna, 2007 (Cryptotermes), spec. n.grimaldii Engel & Krishna, 2007 (Glyptotermes), spec. n.paleoliberatus Engel & Krishna, 2007 (Glyptotermes), spec. n.peritus Engel & Krishna, 2007 (Incisitermes), spec. n.

Two new species of the Neotropical termite genus Dolichorhinotermes Snyder and Emerson (Rhinotermitidae: Rhinotermitinae) are described and figured. Dolichorhinotermes lanciarius Engel and Krishna, new species, from southeastern Ecuador, is the largest species of the genus and is distinctive in both the major and minor soldier caste. Dolichorhinotermes apopnus Engel and Krishna, new species, preserved in earliest Miocene amber from Chiapas, Mexico, is similar to D. dominicanus Schlemmermeyer and Cancello in Early Miocene (Burdigalian) amber from the Dominican Republic but differs in several significant respects. Distinctions between Rhinotermes and Dolichorhinotermes are briefly discussed.