The present study was conducted on 50 Hariana cattle to analyse association of HSP 27 gene with vital parameters and of milk production parameters. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood of a total of 50 lactating Hariana cattle. PCR amplification yielded products of 631bp for HSP 27 gene. Amplicons were subjected to direct sequencing and multiple sequence alignment using ClustalW revealed one nucleotide sequence variation in HSP 27 gene. In HSP 27 gene G225A was polymorphic with three genotypes AA, AB and BB in our resource population. Allele and genotype frequencies of HSP 27 gene were calculated using POPGENE software package. Genotype AA, BB and AB had frequencies 0.64, 0.28 and 0.08, respectively, whereas, allele frequency for A and B allele were 0.78 and 0.22, respectively. Effect of SNP variants on physiological parameters and milk parameters were analysed using least squares model with the help of SAS statistical software. Effect of genotypes on physiological function were found significant (p

Waterlogging is an abiotic stress affecting wheat yields throughout the world, under climate change era and thus inbuilt tolerance will be an effective and economical approach. The aim was to identify the promising genotypes from recombinant inbred line (RILs) populations based on specific traits contributing to waterlogging tolerance for sustaining wheat yields. 340 RILs were developed by using a known source for waterlogging tolerance (BH 1146) and a high yielding wide adapted variety (DBW17) using single seed decent (SSD) method up to 7 generation of recombination cycles. The experiment was conducted using augmented block design under normal and waterlogging conditions. The waterlogging condition was created at four important growth stages viz ., seedling, tillering, reproductive and grain-filling stage by stagnating water for one week in waterlogging experiment. The traits viz ., plant height, tillers number per meter, spike weight, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and harvest index exhibited significant and positive correlation with grain yield under waterlogging, indicating that these traits contributed significantly towards grain yield under waterlogging condition. Twelve lines (SSD-06, SSD -15, SSD-17, SSD-24, SSD-28, SSD-94, SSD-99, SSD-130, SSD-134, SSD-245, SSD-253 and SSD-264) were selected based on high mean and least reduction percent for grain yield, biological yield, and 1000-grain weight. Similarly, 05 lines (SSD-27, SSD-30, SSD-80, SSD-130 and SSD-303) were most promising lines for grain yield, biological yield, and tillers per meter over the superior check. The selected RILs could be used as donors in hybridization programme in future for enhancing tolerance in wheat cultivars for waterlogging stressed environments.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a highly versatile crop with huge demand of nitrogen (N) for its growth and development. N is the most essential macronutrient for crop production. Despite being the highest abundant element in the atmosphere (~ 78%), it is scarcely available for plant growth. To fulfil the N demand, commercial agriculture is largely dependent on synthetic fertilizers. Excessive dependence on inorganic fertilizers has created extensive ecological as well as economic problems worldwide. Hence, for a sustainable solution to nitrogenous fertilizer use, development of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in cereals will be the best alternative. BNF is a well-known mechanism in legumes where diazotrophs convert atmospheric nitrogen (N≡N) to plant-available form, ammonium (NH4+). From many decades, researchers have dreamt to develop a similar symbiotic partnership as in legumes to the cereal crops. A large number of endophytic diazotrophs have been found associated with maize. Elucidation of the genetic and molecular aspects of their interaction will open up new avenues to introgress BNF in maize breeding. With the advanced understanding of N-fixation process, researchers are at a juncture of breeding and engineering this symbiotic relationships in cereals. Different breeding, genetic engineering, omics, gene editing, and synthetic biology approaches will be discussed in this review to make BNF a reality in cereals. It will help to provide a road map to develop/improve the BNF in maize to an advance step for the sustainable production system to achieve the food and nutritional security.

Mahalanobis D2 statistics revealed considerable genetic diversity among the 32 genotype of sorghum. The genotypes grouped into 7 clusters (cluster 1 had 14 genotypes, cluster II had 11 genotypes, cluster VI had 3 genotypes and cluster III, IV, V and cluster VII had 1 genotype each). This envisaged that the genotypes grouped within a particular cluster are more or less genetically similar to each other and apparent. Wide diversity is mainly due to the remaining genotype distributed over rest of the other clusters. The maximum intra cluster distance exhibited for cluster VI (53.36) and lowest intra cluster distance was recorded for cluster I (45.60). The maximum intra cluster distance was revealed between cluster IV and VI (125.10); whereas, minimum inter cluster distance was between clusters I and III (56.97). The hybridization between the genotypes like CPVI-1724, Varsha and SPV-1725 with SSG-59-3; and 2 genotypes viz. Pant Chari-3 and SSG 59-3 with JHV-14 and HC-260 with SSG-59-3, would produce heterotic hybrids and wide spectrum of variability in subsequent generations. The percent contribution leaves per plant (45.16) followed by green fodder yield per day (19.76), internode length (14.31) and leaf breadth (13.31) and most contributed towards genetic divergence.