Plasma pro‐surfactant protein B (pro‐SFTPB) and N1,N12‐diacetylspermine (DAS) can be used as markers for the diagnosis of non–small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Whether the genetic diversity affects the application value of Pro‐SFTPB and DAS as a diagnostic marker for NSCLC is still unknown. This study aims to explore the relationship between SFTPB rs7316, rs9752 and PAOX rs1046175 gene polymorphisms and the diagnostic value of plasma Pro‐SFTPB and DAS in patients with Chinese Han lung cancer. SFTPB rs7316, rs9752 and PAOX rs1046175 genotypes were analyzed by direct sequencing in 425 patients with NSCLC and 425 controls, and the levels of Pro‐SFTPB and DAS in plasma were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The area under the curve (AUC) of the SFTPB rs7316 locus TT genotype for the diagnosis of NSCLC was 0.758, and the AUC of the TC/CC genotype for the diagnosis of NSCLC was 0.872. The AUC of the SFTPB rs9752 locus GG genotype for the diagnosis of NSCLC was 0.935, and the AUC of the GC/CC genotype for the diagnosis of NSCLC was 0.648. The AUC of the PAOX rs1046175 locus GG for the diagnosis of NSCLC was 0.669, and the AUC of the GC/CC genotype for the diagnosis of NSCLC was 0.749. In conclusion, SFTPB rs7316, rs9752, and PAOX rs1046175 gene polymorphisms affect the diagnostic value of plasma Pro‐SFTPB and DAS in patients with Chinese Han NSCLC.

Nanotechnology has been materialized as a proficient technology for the development of anticancer nanoparticles all the way through an environment-friendly approach. Conventionally, nanoparticles have been assembled by dissimilar methods, but regrettably rely on the negative impact on the natural environment. Amalgamation of nanoparticles by means of plant extract is alternate conservative methods. In the present study, we equipped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Strychni semen; displayed as a less toxic and environment-friendly. Integration of AuNPs was famed by UV-absorbance which displays peak values. Moreover, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) substantiate the shape of the AuNPs in the combined materials. FTIR results exhibit the active molecules positioned in the flat surface of the AuNPs. Similarly, the anticancer effectiveness of AuNPs is considered in KMCH-1 cells. Also, AuNPs successfully aggravate cytotoxicity and apoptosis by conjugating apoptotic gene expressions in KMCH-1 cells. Eventually, our results confirm the synthesis of AuNPs from Strychni Semen shows anticancer effects with environment-friendly manner.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Indoor air pollution induces asthma, leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and may promote lung cancer. Our previous studies found that the accumulation of inorganic particulate matter that is due to indoor air pollution can lead to damage to alveolar cells and activation of signaling pathway, and ultimately provoke tumorigenesis. The aim of this study is to explore the accumulation of inorganics and activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway of lung tissue in Xuanwei lung cancer patients.METHODS:From December 2013 to November 2014, 48 cases Xuanwei patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical treatment from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were enrolled in this study and compared with lung cancer patients from other regions. The ultrastructure of postoperative specimens was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to explore the occurrence of inorganic particles. Serum cytokines were analyzed. Then, the expression levels of NF-κB-p65 protein and iNOS protein in postoperative specimens was explored by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Finally, 8-OHdG accumulation in lung cancer tissues and urine was measured.RESULTS:A large number of nanoscale inorganics were observed in alveolar type II cells and macrophages located in adjacent tissues of lung cancer with Xuanwei patients. Silicon (Si) content was found in inorganic elemental analysis. The serum interleukin (IL)-1β levels (31.50 ± 19.16) pg/mL of Xuanwei lung-cancer patients were remarkably higher than those from other regions (11.33 ± 6.94) pg/mL (P<0.01), with statistically significant difference. The pathological tissues of Xuanwei lung-cancer patients express NF-κB-p65, and iNOS expression were significantly higher than those of patients from non-Xuanwei regions. No significant difference was found between cancerous and normal adjacent tissues. Xuanwei lung-cancer tissues and urine 8-OHdG level (40.124 ± 8.597) ng/mgCr were significantly higher than those of patients from other regions (25.673 ± 7.986) ng/mg Cr (P<0.05), with statistically significant difference.CONCLUSIONS:The accumulation of inorganics and the activation of NF-κB-iNOS signaling pathway may contribute to Xuanwei lung cancer.
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Emerging evidence has shown that leptin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine that is closely associated with obesity, play a significant role in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, its impact on gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unclear. In this study, we firstly found that leptin and its functional receptor OB-Rb were significantly co-expressed in human GBC tissues and cell lines, the content of which were higher than those in normal human gallbladder tissues. Treatment with leptin promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GBC cells, which were attenuated by OB-Rb shRNA. Blocking in the G2/M period of cell cycle, increasing of MMP3 and MMP9, increasing of VEGF-C/D, activation of SOCS3/JAK2/p-STAT3 pathway was demonstrated after treatment with leptin. All of these positive responses were attenuated by OB-Rb receptor shRNA. Taken together, our findings suggest that leptin promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GBC cells by increasing OB-Rb expression through the SOCS3/JAK2/p-STAT3 signal pathway. Targeting the leptin/OB-Rb axis could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for treatment of GBC.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a tumor suppressor gene which can suppress proliferation of a variety of tumors. However, little was known about the relationships between WWOX and gallbladder cancer. In the current study, we intended to investigate the tumor suppressive role of WWOX in gallbladder malignant cells both in vitro and in vivo, and explore the potential mechanism of tumor toxic function of WWOX. Our results have shown that WWOX triggerred apoptosis in GBC cells and increased the expression of P73 and PUMA in cytoplasm. We also have found that Bax has been upregulated after overexpression of WWOX, whereas, Bcl-2 was downregulated by WWOX. To further validate the results in vivo, we evaluated the tumor suppressive role of WWOX in mouse model of gallbladder cancer. The results have shown that the proliferation of the tumor was inhibited after delivery of WWOX, and the expressions of P73 and PUMA were upregulated in target tissues. The mice models administrated with WWOX have shown better prognosis than mice in negative control groups. The results from our study indicated that WWOX could be used as a therapeutic agent in the gene therapy of gallbladder cancer.

The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation status of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) and the effects of FHIT on cell growth and cyclin D1 expression in hepatoma cells. The total proteins from the human hepatoma cell lines HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7 were collected and the expression levels of FHIT were analyzed. The methylation status in the promoter region of FHIT in the hepatoma cells was measured using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7 cells were subsequently treated with 5-aza-2 '-deoxycytidine (5-azadc) and the restoration of FHIT expression was then examined. A p-hemagglutinin (HA)-FHIT plasmid was constructed and used to transfect the HepG2 cells, and the inhibitory effects of the transfection on cell growth were then assessed. In addition, HepG2 cells were cotransfected with the pHA-FHIT plasmid and a cyclin D1 luciferase reporter plasmid, and the effects of FHIT on the activity of cyclin D1 transcription factor were analyzed using a luciferase assay. FHIT was observed to be expressed at a low level in Hep3B and HepG2 cells; however, it was expressed at a relatively high level in Huh7 cells. The promoter region of FHIT in the Hep3B and HepG2 cells was partially methylated, and 5-azadc treatment induced an increased expression of FHIT. The increased expression of FHIT inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells. Cotransfection with the pHA-FHIT plasmid significantly inhibited the transcriptional activity of the cyclin D1 promoter and decreased the expression of cyclin D1 in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, FHIT was partially methylated in the HepG2 and Hep3B hepatoma cells. The overexpression of FHIT inhibited cell growth and decreased the expression of cyclin D1 in HepG2 cells.

Objective To explore the relationship between the expressions of CDK2 and p27kip1 proteinand biological behavior of non-small cell lung cancer in Xuanwei.Methods Immuneohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of CDK2 and p27kip1 protein in lung cancer tissues and normal pulmonary tissuesof patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Xuanwei and non-Xuanwei regions.Results The expression of CDK2 protein was situated in endochylema in cancer tissues.The expression of CDK2 protein was the highest inXuanwei adenocarcinoma tissues and was higher than that in Xuanwei saqumouscarcinoma,non-Xuanweis aqumouscarcinoma,non-Xuanwei adenocarcinoma,and normal tissues(P0.05).The expression of CDK2protein in Xuanwei saqumous carcinoma tissues was higher than that in non-Xuanwei saqumouscarcinoma tissues(P0.05).The expression of CDK2 protein in non-Xuanwei adenocarcinoma tissues was higher than that innon-Xuanwei saqumouscarcinoma and normal tissues(P 0.05).But the expression of CDK2 protein innon-Xuanwei saqumouscarcinoma tissues had no statistical difference with that in normal tissues(P0.05).The expression of CDK2 had no correlation with clinical stage and the differentiation(P0.05).The expression ofCDK2 protein had a correlation with lymph node metastasis and histopathology type in the experimental group(P0.05).The expression of CDK2 protein had significant difference between adenocarcinomas in the experimental group and adenocarcinomas in the control group(P0.05).The expression of p27kip1 protein was situated inendochylema of cancer tissues in the experimental group and control group.The expression of p27kip1 protein hadno differences beween differenct regions(Xuanwei and non-Xuanwe)i and different pathologic types.The expression of p27kip1 protein in normal lung tissues was higher than that in lung cancer tissues(P0.05).Theexpression of p27kip1 had no correlation with clinical stages,the differentiation and histopathology type ofnon-small cell lung cancer(P0.05),but had correlation with lymph node metastasis(P0.05).There was anegative correlation between the expressions of CDK2 and p27kip1 protein(P 0.05).Conclusions The expression of CDK2 protein in cancer tissues of patients in Xuanwei is higher than that in non-Xuanwei regions.The expression of CDK2 protein in adenocarcinoma tissues of patients in non-Xuanwei regions was higher than that in saqumouscarcinoma and normal tissues in non-Xuanwei regions.The expressions of CDK2 and p27kip1 proteins have correlation with lymph node metastasis.There is negative correlation between the expression ofCDK2 and p27kip1 proteins in lung cancer tissues.

The coal-fired pollution in Xuanwei area has been considered to be local main reason for high incidence of female lung cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients, and to explore the relationship between the large number of coal-fired pollution PAHs materials and the high incidence of Xuanwei female lung cancers.

Introduction Extramedullary plasmacytoma（EMP）is an uncommon tumor that often develops outside the bone and arises from clonal proliferation of atypical plasma cells before EMP is diagnosed.Multiple myeloma （MM）must be excluded by performing laboratory tests such as serum protein electrophoresis,bone marrow biopsy and skeletal imaging ex- aminations.A bone marrow biopsy should show no evidence of mul-

Circulating estrogen regulation may play a role in the development of lung cancer in women,particularly in adenocarcinomas.Non-small cell lung cancer is closely correlated with estrogen receptor β ex-pression and high serum estradioi level.Anti-estradiol treatment may be an important adjuvant therapy for fe-male lung cancer.