The Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) is conducting a pilot program to investigate the technical feasibility of bidding certain demand response (DR) resources into the California Independent System Operator's (CAISO) day-ahead market for ancillary services non- spinning reserve. Three facilities, a retail store, a local government office building, and a bakery, are recruited into the pilot program. For each facility, hourly demand, and load curtailment potential are forecasted two days ahead and submitted to the CAISO the day before the operation as an available resource. These DR resources are optimized against all other generation resources in the CAISO ancillary service. Each facility is equipped with four-second real time telemetry equipment to ensure resource accountability and visibility to CAISO operators. When CAISO requests DR resources, PG&E's OpenADR (Open Automated DR) communications infrastructure is utilized to deliver DR signals to the facilities' energy management and control systems (EMCS). The pre-programmed DR strategies are triggered without a human in the loop. This paper describes the automated system architecture and the flow of information to trigger and monitor the performance of the DR events. We outline the DR strategies at each of the participating facilities. At one site a real time electric measurement feedback loop is implemented to assure the delivery of CAISO dispatched demand reductions. Finally, we present results from each of the facilities and discuss findings.

Next-generation heavy ion beam accelerators require a great variety of high charge state ions with an order of magnitude higher beam intensity than is currently routinely available. Driven by this increasing demand for high performance ECR ion sources and enabled by advances in superconducting magnet technology, third generation superconducting (SC) ECR ion sources have been developed world-wide. The superconducting VENUS ECR ion source at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is the first ECR ion source designed for optimum operation at 28 GHz. Since it started operation in 2002 many world record ion beam intensities have been produced. VENUS has pioneered the field of high field SC ECR ion sources, and many of the design features and lessons learned during the VENUS commissioning phase have been incorporated in current 28 GHz ECR ion source projects such as GYROSERSE and SC-ECRIS. This paper will highlight recent progress on the VENUS ECR ion source for medium and high charge state production. In addition, it will discuss perspectives and main technical challenges of building 4th generation superconducting ECR ion sources using microwave heating frequencies of 56 GHz.

This paper deals with simulation modeling of nonlinear, deterministic, continuous systems. It describes how the Simulation Problem Analysis and Research Kernel (SPARK) uses the mathematical graph both to describe models of such systems, and to solve the embodied differential-algebraic equation systems (DAEs). Problems are described declaratively rather than algorithmically, with atomic objects representing individual equations and macro objects representing larger programming entities (submodels) in a smooth hierarchy. Internally, in a preprocessing step, graphs are used to represent the problem at the level of equations and variables rather than procedural, multi-equation blocks. Benefits obtained include models that are without predefined input and output sets, enhancing modeling flexibility and code reusability, and relieving the modeler from manual algorithm development. Moreover, graph algorithms are used for problem decomposition and reduction, greatly reducing solution time for wide classes of problems. After describing the methodology the paper presents results of benchmark tests that quantify performance advantages relative to conventional methods. In a somewhat contrived nonlinear example we show O performance as opposed