BACKGROUND:Growth charts have evolved since their introduction in the 18th century, with various organizations refining them to reflect the growth patterns of the populations they serve. In this context, this study compared growth tables published in a 1930s Australian child-health text by Dr. Isie Ross with contemporary growth charts used in pediatric practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Values from Ross's historical growth tables were extracted and plotted against current standardized growth references for children (WHO and CDC). Both Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Bland-Altman analysis were used to assess agreement and differences between the two data sources. RESULTS:Growth patterns from the 1930s showed some similarity to those in modern charts, with relatively small variation across most age groups, suggesting broad stability in early childhood growth over time. Clinically, however, the findings indicate limited applicability of historical references for assessing overweight, with greater secular change and variability observed at the upper growth percentiles. Overall, this highlights population-level stability in growth trajectories but poor clinical interchangeability between historical and contemporary references. CONCLUSIONS:Historical growth data may be more consistent with contemporary standards than commonly assumed. Examining such texts can enhance awareness of early contributions to pediatric growth assessment and highlighting the continued relevance of foundational work in child health despite its limited clinical interchangeability with modern references.

Background: Time spent with children positively influences their behaviour and cognitive development, benefiting families as well. However, not all families, especially those in developmental transitions, can interact with their children equally. Objective: This study aimed to explore and describe the families’ childbearing challenges during the children´s transition to preschool. Method: Education and health professionals, paired with families with three-year-old children, participated in two focus groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and content analysis followed Bardin's assumptions. Findings: Three categories emerged: "time to be a child," "time to be a family" (with subcategory "time for routine and roles"), and "time for external engagement" (e.g., childcare and health systems). Increased time commitments and managing children's demands were cited as primary challenges. Consistent information from external sources was deemed essential for family well-being. Conclusion: Childbearing during transition to preschool presents families time-related challenges, calling for family support tailored to address them.

More nurses than doctors killed in the Holocaust but are little studied. In Nazi 'euthanasia' institutional patients, with others, were killed by nurses. A German film, Fog in August (2016), tells of a boy caught in Nazi 'euthanasia'. We piloted the film to increase knowledge about nurses in Nazi 'euthanasia'. In Australia, 21 participants (health professionals, community members) completed pre-and-post questionnaires testing levels of knowledge. Knowledge increased - median post-score (1.75) > pre-score (1.0), median of differences 0.5 (p = 0.001). This film effectively increased knowledge, and the study methods worked. We will develop a project to teach nurses about genocides.

Background Clinical practice is a core component of nurse education. It is believed that nursing students’ clinical placement experiences can affect their learning outcomes, satisfaction, as well as influence their choice of future career. To examine nursing students’ perception of clinical learning environment and mentoring in hospital where they perform their clinical placement and the connection of these factor with intention to work as a nurse once graduated. Methods Nursing students enrolled in clinical practice at least 6 months in hospitals in China were surveyed between January–March 2021. Percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results Of the five scales in the CLES+T, ‘Leadership style of the ward manager’ scored the highest mean while ‘Pedagogical atmosphere at the ward’ scored the lowest. Nursing students with lower educational level, those supervised by fixed preceptor, and those intent to be a nurse in the future were significantly more satisfied with the CLES+T. Most of the nursing students are intent to work as a nurse in the future. CLES+T total scores and sub-dimensions (Premises of nursing on the ward) have significantly effectiveness on the intention to be a nurse in the future. Conclusions Given the significant correlation of between learning environments and nursing students intention to be a nurse in the future, ward managers need to build a good clinical teaching atmosphere and promote opportunities for theoretical and practical connections among students through effective feedback mechanisms, which can enable students to experience a better clinical learning environment and meaningful experiences to build their professional roles and competencies, thus helping to enhance students’ willingness to pursue nursing careers in the future.

Purpose: Perceptions and attitudes toward working with parents may influence nurses' family-centered clinical care practices. There is a paucity of research measuring family-centered care among nurses working with children and their parents in Jordan. The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions of family-centered care by examining nurses' attitudes toward working with children and their parents, as well as toward family-centeredness. Also investigated was the extent to which the selected demographic characteristics of nurses explain the discrepancies between their child- and parent-focused attitudes. Design and methods: Using a cross-sectional descriptive study, 246 nurses completed the 'Working with families' questionnaire. A paired t-test used to compare the working with children versus working with parents' attitude scores, and independent t-test and ANOVA to explore the influence of nurses' demographic characteristics attitude scores. Results: The nurses scored higher for working with children than with parents, suggesting more positive attitudes toward the former than the latter (p<0.001). The family-centeredness scores varied with nurses' years of clinical experience (p < 0.001) and years of employment (p < 0.005). Conclusions: The applicability of the family-centered care model in Jordan's hospitals is challenged by the fact that pediatric nurses register more positive attitudes for working with children than with parents. Practice implications: Nurses' attitude toward working with children's families requires more evaluation prior to implementing family-centered care in practice. Further research is needed to explore factors contributing to discrepancies between child- and parent-focused attitudes among nurses. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ellen Ben-Sefer and Linda Shields School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, 96822 USA Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4029 School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia 4556 Australian Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Australia Corresponding author: Linda Shields. Email: l.e.shields@uq.edu.au

Background In Indonesia, information on and research into how Indonesian nurses perceive and experience leadership and leadership roles is limited. Aims This study was designed to identify Indonesian nurses' perceptions and experiences of leadership and nurse leadership roles in the hospital setting. Design A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews. Methods The study was conducted in a large, urban hospital in Indonesia. Twenty nurses who had worked in this hospital for more than a year were interviewed. A thematic approach was used for data analysis. This study is conducted and reported according to the SRQR checklist. Results The participants' perceptions and experiences of leadership were organized within three themes: searching for a description of leadership, viewing leadership and management as the same, and experiencing limited leadership opportunities. Impact statements The study revealed little evidence that nurses were being empowered to provide leadership within the organization. Although nurses in many developed countries now serve on governing boards, this is not immediately foreseeable for nurses in Indonesia. Conclusions The participants' view of leadership in nursing was not overtly critical. Perhaps they did not understand that leadership is a dynamic concept and that it might be perceived differently depending on the context.

Until the eighteenth century, midwifery was the sole domain of women, but changes in medical science saw it appropriated by medical men and the 'man-midwife' emerged. This paper demonstrates the work of a man-midwife in a small English village in one year, 1775, using his accounts and correspondence. The man was Matthew Flinders Senior, 'surgeon and man-midwife' at Donington, Lincolnshire. He was the father of Captain Matthew Flinders, the famous navigator who mapped the coast line of Australia and who coined that name. Primary sources, published as a collection by the Lincoln Record Society, were used. Flinders Senior made a good living from his midwifery, charging rates commensurate with those charged by obstetricians today (with reduced costs for the poor). His descriptions of his practice show how midwifery was conducted in rural England during the development of medicine as a high-status profession. The paper uses data from one year to provide a snap shot of the work of a rural surgeon and man-midwife, but much more is available in the published collection, providing ready access for researchers who may like to pursue such work further.

Background . Sensitive measures of early lung disease are being integrated into therapeutic trials and clinical practice in cystic fibrosis (CF). The impact of early disease surveillance (EDS) using these novel and often intensive techniques on young children and their families is not well researched. Methods . The Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis (AREST CF) has operated a combined clinical and research early disease surveillance program, based around annual chest CT scan, bronchoscopy and lung function from newborn screening diagnosis until age 6 years, for over two-decades. To explore parental experiences of EDS in their child, a qualitative study was conducted using audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews in n = 46 mothers and n = 21 fathers of children (aged 3-months to six years) attending CF centres in Perth and Melbourne, Australia. Themes were developed iteratively using thematic analysis and assessed for validity and confirmability. Results . Parents' experiences were positive overall; affording a sense of control over CF, disease knowledge, and belief that EDS was in the best interests of their child. Challenges included poor understanding about EDS measures leading to anxiety and distress, self-blame surrounding adverse findings, and emotional burden of surveillance visits. Tailored information regarding the practical and psychosocial aspects of EDS were endorsed. Conclusion . While experiences were generally positive there is need for information and psychosocial support for parents to mitigate anxiety and develop positive coping strategies surrounding surveillance procedures and results. Managing expectations regarding risks and benefits of disease surveillance in clinical and research settings are important aspects of care. Crown Copyright (c) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Cystic Fibrosis Society. All rights reserved.

Professor Linda Shields and Dr Mandie Foster from Charles Sturt University and Edith Cowan University in Australia discuss several models of care for children and families that exist and the prospect of using conversations with children and families as an intervention within healthcare to facilitate a child and family centered care approach.

Nurses and midwives of Australia now is the time for change! As powerfully placed, Indigenous and non-Indigenous nursing and midwifery professionals, together we can ensure an effective and robust Indigenous curriculum in our nursing and midwifery schools of education. Today, Australia finds itself in a shifting tide of social change, where the voices for better and safer health care ring out loud. Voices for justice, equity and equality reverberate across our cities, our streets, homes, and institutions of learning. It is a call for new songlines of reform. The need to embed meaningful Indigenous health curricula is stronger now than it ever was for Australian nursing and midwifery. It is essential that nursing and midwifery leadership continue to build an authentic collaborative environment for Indigenous curriculum development. Bipartisan alliance is imperative for all academic staff to be confident in their teaching and learning experiences with Indigenous health syllabus. This paper is a call out. Now is the time for Indigenous and non-Indigenous nurses and midwives to make a stand together, for justice and equity in our teaching, learning, and practice. Together we will dismantle systems, policy, and practices in health that oppress. The Black Lives Matter movement provides us with a ‘now window’ of accepted dialogue to build a better, culturally safe Australian nursing and midwifery workforce, ensuring that Black Lives Matter in all aspects of health care.

Children’s preferences for activities are one of the most important predictors for participation. Currently no web-based measure of activity preferences exists for children with disabilities. To develop and investigate feasibility and internal consistency of a new web-based measure of activity preferences, ActiveYou I for children with disabilities. The ActiveYou I was developed in three steps using a mixed-methods design. A review of the preferred goal activities of 149 children with disabilities was used to identify relevant activities. A pilot version of ActiveYou I was tested with 341 children with disabilities. Semi-structured group interviews and cognitive interviews were conducted with therapists and children with disabilities. Nineteen physical activities were included in the pilot version. The pilot trial resulted in two activities being excluded, and one activity added, leaving the instrument with eighteen activities. Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.77). Interviews with therapists and children showed that ActiveYou I included relevant activities and was easy to answer. ActiveYou I proves to be a valid and feasible, web-based instrument for mapping activity preferences in children and adolescents with disabilities. Preferences are an important mediator for participation; consequently it is essential to seek activities that match the children’s preferences.

Noch bis in die 1960er-Jahre wurden Kinder, die im Krankenhaus behandelt werden mussten, von den Eltern in die Obhut des medizinischen und pflegerischen Personals übergeben. Von wenigen Besuchen abgesehen blieb das Kind – je nach Schwere der Erkrankung – oft über Wochen von den Eltern getrennt. Die negativen Auswirkungen dieser Trennung waren bald offensichtlich, und so etablierte sich ein neues Pflegemodell, das die ganze Familie als Adressaten für die Pflege in den Fokus nimmt.

The authors regret Table 1 in the article "Parents' experiences of Family Centred Care practices" (September/October 2018, volume 42, page 40) had some errors. The heading of column Section A should read, "How important is it for nurses to do this?" Also, we are reprinting the correct version of the tool itself herein. Finally, the complete citation for the tool is Curley, M.A.Q., Hunsberger, M.; Harris, S.K. (2013). Psychometric Evaluation of the Family-Centered Care Scale for Pediatric Acute Care Nursing. Nursing Research, 62(3):160–168.Table 1FCC's statements listed in the Family-Centered Care scale.Source: Curley, M.A.Q., Hunsberger, M.; Harris, S.K. (2013). Psychometric Evaluation of the Family-Centered Care Scale for Pediatric Acute Care Nursing. Nursing Research, 62(3):160–168. Source: Curley, M.A.Q., Hunsberger, M.; Harris, S.K. (2013). Psychometric Evaluation of the Family-Centered Care Scale for Pediatric Acute Care Nursing. Nursing Research, 62(3):160–168. Parents' experiences of Family Centred Care practicesJournal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and FamiliesVol. 42PreviewThe aim of this study was to gain knowledge and understanding of how parents experience Family Centred Care (FCC) using a relatively new tool, and to identify aspects of FCC practice for further development. Full-Text PDF

AIM:This study explored self-management practices in relation to traditional methods for managing illness in newborns and infants and the implications of these practices on infant health.BACKGROUND:Self-medication with folk remedies is believed to have short- and long-term impacts on well-being. Little is known about how mothers in Arab societies used their traditional beliefs and practices in self-managing their newborns' and infants' health.METHODS:Data were collected from five focus groups using open-ended questions with 37 mothers. Participants were selected using snowball sampling and were recruited from four different cities in Jordan between June 2016 and August 2016.ETHICAL APPROVAL:All identifying information regarding the study participants has been omitted, and this study was approved by the Academic Research Committee at the University of Jordan.FINDINGS:Mothers were more willing to try herbal remedies, traditional massage and certain foods to self-manage their infants' health. Folk remedies were not restricted to traditions handed down through generations, but included a representation of newly emerged trends towards 'safety' or 'nature'.CONCLUSIONS:While the use of folk remedies have been handed down generations as customs, today, virtual support groups and social media provide modern resources for folk remedies' promotion in care and self-management.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY:Nursing and health policymakers can use our findings for planning and developing strategies and health policies that increase public awareness about adverse health effects associated with herbal remedies. Such strategies are likely to be facilitated through partnerships between nursing and midwifery education institutions, antenatal clinics and social media in the region.

This study elicited perceptions of nurses, doctors and allied health staff in rural and remote health facilities, about working with children and parents. This was a quantitative study using ‘Working with Families’, a validated and well-tested questionnaire, in the setting of seven rural and remote hospitals in North Queensland, Australia. The participants were 123 health professionals from the seven hospitals. The ‘Working with Families’ questionnaire consists of demographic characteristics and two questions about working with children and with their parents. Scores were compared and correlations sought with demographic characteristics. Scores were as follows (1 = least positive, 5 = most positive): working with children: 3.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.22, 3.47), with parents 3.79 (95% CI 3.66, 3.92), mean difference –0.44 (95% CI –0.54, –0. 53; p < 0.001). No significant relationships occurred between scores and demographics. Family-centred care is the cornerstone of paediatric healthcare. People work in paediatrics and child health because they like children. Respondents were more positive about working with children than with parents. If staff find working with parents more difficult, the implementation of family-centred care may theoretically be negatively affected. Support and education about family-centred care and the newly emerging model, child centred care, may assist in overcoming less positive attitudes.