Anti-succinate hydroxamates with cyclic P1 motifs were synthesized as aggrecanase inhibitors. The N-methanesulfonyl piperidine 23 and the N-trifluoroacetyl azetidine 26 were the most potent aggrecanase inhibitors both having an IC(50)=3nM while maintaining >100-fold selectivity over MMP-1, -2, and -9. The cyclic moieties were also capable of altering in vivo metabolism, hence delivering low clearance compounds in both rat and dog studies as shown for compound 14.

Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have been associated with several inflammatory diseases, and therefore, strategies for its suppression have become important targets in drug discovery. Our efforts to suppress TNF-alpha have centered on the inhibition of TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) through the use of hydroxamate inhibitors. Starting from broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors, we have designed and synthesized novel benzothiadiazepines as potent and selective TACE inhibitors. The benzothiadiazepines were synthesized with variation in P1 and P1' in order to effect potency and selectivity. The inhibitors were evaluated versus porcine TACE (pTACE), and the initial selectivity was assessed with counterscreens of MMP-1, -2, and -9. Several potent and selective inhibitors were discovered with compound 41 being the most active against pTACE (K(i) = 5 nM) while still maintaining good selectivity versus the MMP's (at least 75-fold). Most compounds were assessed in the human peripheral blood mononuclear cell assay (PBMC) and the human whole blood assay (WBA) to determine their ability to suppress TNF-alpha. Compound 32 was the most potent compound in the PBMC assay (IC(50) = 0.35 microM), while compound 62 was the most active in the WBA (IC(50) = 1.4 microM).

To search for TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors, we designed a new class of macrocyclic hydroxamic acids by linking the P1 and P2' residues of acyclic anti-succinate-based hydroxamic acids. A variety of residues including amide, carbamate, alkyl, sulfonamido, Boc-amino, and amino were found to be suitable P1-P2' linkers. With an N-methylamide at P3', the 13-16-membered macrocycles prepared exhibited low micromolar activities in the inhibition of TNF-alpha release from LPS-stimulated human whole blood. Further elaboration in the P3'-P4' area using the cyclophane and cyclic carbamate templates led to the identification of a number of potent analogues with IC(50) values of </=0.2 microM in whole blood assay (WBA). Although the P3' area can accommodate a broad array of structurally diversified functional groups including polar residues, hydrophobic residues, and amino and carboxylic acid moieties, in both the cyclophane series and the cyclic carbamate series, a glycine residue at P3' was identified as a critical structural component to achieve both good in vitro potency and good oral activity. With a glycine residue at P3', an N-methylamide at P4' provided the best cyclophane analogue, SL422 (WBA IC(50) = 0.22 microM, LPS-mouse ED(50) = 15 mg/kg, po), whereas a morpholinylamide at P4' afforded the most potent and most orally active cyclic carbamate analogue, SP057 (WBA IC(50) = 0.067 microM, LPS-mouse ED(50) = 2.3 mg/kg, po). Further profiling for SL422 and SP057 showed that these macrocyclic compounds are potent TACE inhibitors, with K(i) values of 12 and 4.2 nM in the porcine TACE assay, and are broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors. Pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs revealed that SL422 and SP057 are orally bioavailable, with oral bioavailabilities of 11% and 23%, respectively.

Several macrocyclic, hydroxamate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production. These macrocycles are anti-succinate based inhibitors linked from P1 to P2′. A variety of functionality was installed at the P1-P2′ linkage, which gave inhibitors that displayed excellent MMP inhibition and good TNF-α suppression.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTMacrocyclic Amino Carboxylates as Selective MMP-8 InhibitorsRobert J. Cherney, Li Wang, Dayton T. Meyer, Chu-Baio Xue, Zelda R. Wasserman, Karl D. Hardman, Patty K. Welch, Maryanne B. Covington, Robert A. Copeland, Elizabeth C. Arner, William F. DeGrado, and Carl P. DeciccoView Author Information Chemical and Physical Sciences and Inflammatory Diseases Research, The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., Experimental Station, Wilmington Delaware 19880-0500 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 11, 1749–1751Publication Date (Web):May 1, 1998Publication History Received19 December 1997Published online1 May 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/jm970850yCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views474Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (76 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Crystal structure,Inhibitors,Nitrogen,Oxygen Get e-Alerts

Several carboxylate derivatives with variation at the P1′ residue were synthesized and evaluated as stromelysin (MMP-3) inhibitors. Compounds containing a biphenyl moiety at P1′ were found to be potent inhibitors of MMP-3. An X-ray crystal structure of the most potent compound, carboxylate 19, revealed an important interaction between the inhibitor's biphenyl and histidine 224 in the S1′ pocket of MMP-3.