The KY-038 sensor module is designed using Arduino UNO and LabView to allow human pulses. The experiment was carried out by making a design consisting of the KY-038 sensor module, Arduino UNO and LabView on a computer. LabView software is used to display pulse wave patterns. Measurement of the pulse will involve human objects with variations 3 namely relax (sit), sit and after running in place. The experimental results show that the different activities affect the voltage released on a chart that has a rating of 3 - 3.5 V. The more activities that are carried out before retrieving the pulse data, the greater the voltage that is read on the LabView results graph. After running in place, the value of the voltage and pulse are 3.5 V and 97 beats per minute, respectively.

Abstract Solar irradiance to electrical energy conversion could be achieved via photoelectric effect using solar cells device. However, not all solar wavelengths could be captured and converted by the active layer of solar cell. The absorption limitation associated with the bandgap energy of solar cell active layer in the ultraviolet region (high photon energy) and infrared region (low photon energy) leads to 70% energy loss. Introducing a material that can convert higher photon energy to lower photon energy that is suitable with the bandgap energy of the solar cell provides a solution to this problem. In the present work, glass materials based on BaO, ZnF2, B2O3, TeO2, and Ln2O3 (Ln2O3 = Dy2O3, Sm2O3, and Eu2O3) were developed using conventional melt and quenching technique and applied as down-conversion (DC) element in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The absorption spectra of Z907 as dye photosensitizer was measured as well as the absorption spectra of DC glass. The DC glass emission spectra were also investigated to know the compatibility between the absorption of solar cell and the emission band of the DC glass. The current-voltage of the DSSC was measured while placing the DC glass on top of the solar cell device. The electrical parameters, such as power conversion efficiency, fill factor, short-circuit current, and open-circuit voltage, were then determined to analyze the effect of DC glass application on the performance of DSSC. DC glass with 1.5Eu produced an efficiency of 2.03%, showing the best result among other lanthanide ions.

Solar-pumped laser (SPL) is an alternative way to enhance solar energy harvesting, where the sunlight is directly converted to the laser beam and then specifically targeted to irradiate a solar cell device. As an essential part of the SPL system, a glass-based optical gain medium is required to create amplified emission light. In the present work, we reported glass fabrication using a melt and quenching technique with a composition of (40-x) TeO2 + 39 B2O3 + 10 CaO + 10 Al2O3 + 1 Dy2O3 + x Eu2O3 so-called xEu/Dy glass, where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mol%. From the absorption spectra, we find that xEu/Dy glasses have various wavelength from ultraviolet to infrared that is comparable with solar spectra. Meanwhile, the emission spectra of glass show several peaks in the visible region including 480, 579, 590, 614, 652, and 699 nm belonging to Eu3+ and Dy3+ emission bands under )lex = 395 nm. These emission lines are found similar to emission spectra under Dy3+ ion excitation )lex = 388 nm as well as the X-ray induced luminescence spectra. The CIE 1931 color coordinate is found to shift from yellow to the reddish-orange region along with their CCT coordinate under different excitation wavelengths. Our investigation shows that the emission spectrum of 3.0Eu/Dy glass overlapped with the absorption band of dye, organic, and perovskite photosensitizers. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of present glass for optical gain medium in SPL particularly to be integrated with third-generation solar cells.

In this research we developed Sm 3+ ion-doped fluoroborotellurite with formula 30B 2 O 3 -(30-x)TeO 2 -10ZnF 2 -30BaO-xSm 2 O 3 where x = 0.0; 0.05; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 mol%. They developed using the melt-quenching technique. The raw material is melted at 1150°C for 1 hour 30 minutes and annealed at 500°C for 1 hour 30 minutes. The optimum concentration was found at 1.0 mol% of Sm 3+ ion in the glass system. Their physical, optical, photoluminescence properties and lifetime were observed. The absorption spectra show strong absorption peaks at 1232 nm due to 6 H 5/2 → 6 F 7/2 transition. The photoluminescence properties show a strong emission at 600 nm under λ ex =403 nm because of 4 G 5/2 → 6 H 7/2 transition. The CIE 1931 coordinate confirms the orange emission color with 81% efficiency (η). From all results, we can summarize that our glass sample can be developed as a solid-state lighting source in the orange region.

One of the main limitations in the development of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is contributed by the optical losses that occur within the absorber layer due to spectral mismatch. DSSC typically only absorbs solar light within the visible region (i.e. up to 800 nm), while the photon energy in the infrared region remain unutilized. Here we report the integration of Er3+ ion-doped glass as up-conversion (UC) element in DSSC and study their effect on the photovoltaic performances. Several characterizations were conducted including physical, structural, optical, luminescence, and radiative properties on the glass sample, while current-voltage and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency characterization were conducted to analyze the electrical properties of DSSC. The UC luminescence spectra of the glass sample under 800 nm excitation showed green light emissions that were located between 531 and 553 nm. The UC luminescence band of glass sample was confirmed suitable with the absorption band of Z907 dye. After placing the UC glass below the DSSC’s counter electrode side, the power conversion efficiency of DSSC were mostly positively affected by the presence of UC glass, where the highest improvement of around 7.21% was obtained for DSSC coupled with 2.0 mol% of Er3+ ion-doped glass . The enhancement was primarily attributed to the improved light harvesting due to the UC mechanism within the device as indicated by the increase in external quantum efficiency and fill factor. Our contribution provides a simple yet versatile approach in improving DSSC performance via the application of a free standing Er3+ ion-doped up-conversion glass.

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation L. Yuliantini, M. B. Sari, M. Djamal, K. Boonin, P. Yasaka, J. Kaewkhao; Physical properties of Gd3+ ion doped fluorotellurite glass and their radiation shielding parameter. AIP Conference Proceedings 27 January 2023; 2540 (1): 100001. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0112874 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

Monitoring and data record system of electric current on the current conducting wire has been developed. Recently, the current measurement was conducted by electronic circuit configuration by adding the shunt resistance in the circuit configuration . Compare to the voltage measurement, the electric current measurement has several obstacle and sometimes dangerous, especially on the AC current measurement. This study offers the automation of electric current measurement using affordable and non-destructive ACS712 Hall effect sensor. Hall effect is the phenomena of charge flow deflection in the metal plate that is placed in the magnetic field. By using this sensor, it is possible to detect the AC and DC current on conducting wires. The output of the sensor voltage will be change based on the magnetic field obtained due to current flows in the wire. Those output voltage are processed in microprocessor of ATMEGA238. Measurement results are saved in *.txt format. LabVIEW is used as the display system interface to simplify the utilization . The measurement is conducted in the Faraday cage. This system can be one of answer for the efficient and stable affordable current measurement with the precision is 0.9954 and average of accuracy percentage is 99.5934%. To reach those precision, the sensor calibration formula in datasheets should be corrected by subtracts the sensor calibration formula with the constant of 0.125.

We have successfully synthesized Er3+ ion-doped TeO2-B2O3-ZnF2-BaO using conventional melt and quenching technique to explore their possible future application. The physical properties were determined by their density and molar volume, while the structural properties were observed by FTIR spectra. The optical absorption spectra and emission spectra were measured to study their optical and photoluminescence properties. The optical absorption spectra were measured between 400 to 1800 nm. It shows the hypersensitive transition at 521 nm due to the 4I15/2→2H11/2 transition. The intense emission was shown in the peak of 1541 nm excited by 521 nm due to 4I13/2 to 4I15/ 2 transition. From the analysis of Judd-Ofelt theory, it is found that 1.5 mol% Er2O3 in the glass system possesses JO trendline Ω2 > Ω4 > Ω6 and 2.94 × 10−21 cm2 stimulated emission cross-section with the long radiative lifetime around 12.19 ms. The gain cross-section of prepared glass calculated using the Mc Cumber theory reveals the inversion population of prepared glass at γ≥0.4. It could be concluded from all results that 1.5 mol% Er2O3 doped fluoroborotellurite glass have a high potential for future communication application such as IR optical amplifier, IR laser, and WDM network system in C and L communication band.

Nd3+ ion-doped oxyfluoride boro-tellurite glass has been successfully developed by melt and quenching technique. The composition of present glass was (30-x)TeO2-30B2O3-10ZnF2-30BaO-xNd2O3 where x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 mol%. The quenching concentration is found in the 0.5 mol% Nd2O3 in the glass system. The density, molar volume and refractive index of quenching concentration is respectively 3.80 g/cm3, 33.15 cm3/mol, and 1.631. The intensity of absorption spectra shows the enhancement with increasing Nd3+ ion concentration in the glass system. The highest intensity of absorption spectra come from 4I9/2→4G5/2+2G7/2 transition centred at 584 nm. Meanwhile, the highest intensity of excitation spectra with λem=1072 nm occurs due to 4I9/2→4G5/2+2G7/2 transition centred at 575 nm. The emission spectra show several transitions originated from the metastable level of 4F3/2 to 4I9/2 (919 nm), 4I11/2 (1072 nm), and 4I13/2 (1340 nm) under λex=575 nm. The strongest emission peak of present glass is centred at 1072 nm (4F3/2→4I11/2). The 4F3/2→4I11/2 transition lifetime is 138.36 µs. The present glass possesses longer lifetime than other reported Nd3+:glasses. The results show that Nd3+ ion-doped oxyfluoride boro-tellurite glass is a potential material for optical devices application such as near-infrared laser gain medium, optical telecommunication, and imaging

Photonic devices such as laser diodes, light-emitting diodes, solar and photovoltaic cells, displays and optical amplifier are widely used in human life. They can create, manipulate or detect light. Glass such as phosphate, borate, and tellurite doped rare earth have been attractive to be investigated due to their characteristic. They can absorb ultraviolet to infrared wavelength. They can also emit visible wavelength under ultraviolet excitation. Glass doped Sm3+ ion can emit orange region excited by 402 nm. Glass doped Dy3+ ion can emit white or yellow region under excitation of 388 nm. Meanwhile, Eu3+ ion in the glass system which is excited by 465 nm can emit red wavelength. The addition of modifier material improves the glass structure and the emission intensity. They change the color of light emission. In this paper, the properties of glass doped rare earth including physical, optical, and luminescence were investigated for understanding the material behaviour. From the investigation, glass doped rare earth was the suitable candidate for optical material and can be potentially used in photonic devices

Trivalent neodymium (Nd3+) -doped Zn-Al-Ba borate glasses of composition (60-x) B2O3+20BaO+10Al(2)O(3)+10ZnO + xNd(2)O(3)(x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%) were prepared by a conventional melt-quenching technique and studied their physical, structural, optical and luminescence properties. The amorphous nature of the glasses has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns. The EDAX data shows percent mass of elements of the glass system. FTIR spectra confirm the formation of BO3 and BO4 groups in the glass structure and compared them with Raman spectra. The Judd-Ofelt theory was adopted to analyze the radiative properties of Nd2O3 -doped glasses to derive oscillator strengths (f), JO parameters (Omega(lambda)=2,4,6), stimulated emission cross-sections (sigma(e)), radiative transition probabilities (A(R)), and branching ratios (beta(R)) of various transitions of Nd3+ ions. The lifetime of the F-4(3/2) level of Nd3+ ions in the glasses decreases with the increase of Nd2O3 concentration due to the shortened distance between Nd3+ ion in the glass structure. The strongest emission intensity is found at 1056 nm (F-4(3/2) -> I-4(11/2) transition) when excited by 808 nm. The optimum concentration of Nd2O3 in the studied glasses is found to be 1.0 mol% based on luminescence intensity. All these results were compared with reported research of Nd3+:glasses to determine the lasing potentiality of studied glasses.

This paper investigated the physical, optical, luminescence and radiative properties of Eu3+ doped borotellurite oxyfluoride glass with composition (30-x)TeO2-30B2O3-10ZnF2-30BaO-xEu2O3 where x are 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 mol%. The glass samples were fabricated by melt and quenching method. The physical and optical properties were investigated from density, molar volume and refractive index. Meanwhile absorption spectra that show several transitions in the ultraviolet to near infrared region interpret the optical properties of the glass sample. The emission spectra of glass sample were measured under excited λex = 394 nm. The highest peak of emission spectra occurs in 1.5 mol% of Eu2O3 due to 5D0→7F2 transition centered at 613 nm. The emission intensity was increased by the addition of Eu2O3 from 0.05 mol% to 1.5 mol%. In addition, Judd-Ofelt (JO) theory was used to define the radiative properties and lasing potential of the glass sample. The value of JO parameter Ω2, Ω4, Ω6 was calculated and compared with literatures. Other radiative properties including experimental (fexp) and calculated (fcal) oscillator strengths, stimulated emission cross-sections (σ), radiative transition probability (AR), experimental and calculated branching ratios (βR) of glass sample were determined and discussed in term of red laser gain medium application.

Borotellurite and fluoroborotellurite glasses doped with Sm3+ ions were synthesized and studied their physical, photoluminescence, x-ray induced luminescence, and fluorescence decays. The glasses that were prepared by melt quenching technique were labelled by BTZOS for 30B(2)O(3) + 29TeO(2) + 30BaO + 10ZnO + 1Sm(2)O(3) and BTZFS for 330B(2)O(3) + 29TeO(2) + 30BaO + 10ZnF(2) + 1Sm(2)O(3). The glass becomes more transparent when ZnO was replaced by ZnF2. It was found that the replacement of ZnO by ZnF(2 )increases absorbance and luminescence of Sm3+ ions. The Judd - Ofelt intensity parameters were evaluated from measured absorption spectra for BTZOS and BTZFS glasses and their trend is found to be Omega(2) > Omega(4) > Omega(6). The sharp and intense emission peak was originated from (4)G(5/2 )-> H-6(7/2) transition centred at 600 nm under 403 nm excitation. The colour coordinates of BTZOS and BTZFS glasses are found to fall in the orange region with CCT < 4000 K, suitable for solid-state lighting. BTZFS glass exhibits better radiative properties such as long lifetime, higher quantum efficiency (eta), radiative transition probability (A(R)), stimulated emission cross-sections (sigma(e)), branching ratios (beta), gain band-width and figure of merit, lower non-radiative decay rate (W-CR) and saturation intensity (I-s) than BTZOS glass. From the analysis of the results, it is concluded that BTZFS glass could be more suitable for a gain medium for lasers in the visible region.

Properties of Sm3+ doped zinc barium boro-tellurite glass (ZBBT glass) with the formula 10TeO2-35B2O3-30BaO-24ZnO-1Sm2O3 and 35TeO2-10B2O3-30BaO-24ZnO-1Sm2O3 prepared by conventional melt quenching technique and their physical, optical and photoluminescence properties were investigated. The physical properties have been measured using a densitometer kit based on Archimedes’ principle. The result of the measurement shows that ZBBT glass with the higher TeO2 concentration have higher value in density and molar volume, but it has the lower value in the lifetime. The UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectra were recorded at room temperature in the wavelength range of 200-2,500 nm. From the measurement, it is known that glass with 10 mol% of TeO2 have a higher absorbance value compared to 35 mol% of TeO2. Seven luminescence bands in excitation spectra represent the transitions from the ground state 6H5/2 to various excited states. Furthermore, the emission spectra were observed under 403 nm light from the xenon flash lamps, four luminescence bands were observed at 562 nm (4G5/2→6H5/2), 598 nm (4G5/2→6H7/2), 645 nm (4G5/2→6H9/2) and 706 nm (4G5/2→6H11/2), intense reddish orange emission was found at 598 nm.

Sm3+ doped ZnO-Al2O3-BaO-B2O3 glasses have been prepared and characterized. These glasses have been developed by melt and quenching technique. The characterization includes the physical, optical, luminescence, and radiative properties. The lasing potential of glass samples such as oscillator strengths, JO parameter, stimulated emission cross-sections, radiative transition probability, and branching ratios have been calculated by using Judd-Ofelt theory. The results show that the maximum intensity of emission spectra of the prepared glass sample is at the wavelength of 598nm due to the 4G5/2→6H7/2 transition, excited by λex=403nm. From CIE 1931 chromaticity, the title glasses were found to be a potential material for laser application in the orange region.

The physical, optical and luminescence properties of Er3+ ion doped borate glass have been developed by melt-quenching technique. The density and molar volume of glass medium increased with increasing Er2O3 concentration due to the enhancement of non-bridging oxygen intensity in the glass structure. The quenching concentration effect was obtained at 2.0 mol% Er2O3. The strongest absorption occurred at 524 nm (4I15→2H1). The emission spectra excited by λex = 524 nm showed the 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition centered at 1534 nm. From presented data, the borate glass doped Er3+ ion is a potential material to be developed for telecommunication and an optical amplifier.

Nowadays, research on sensor materials become more intensive due to the benefit of the sensor for human life. Recently, glass medium doped rare earth ion has been investigated for some applications, e.g. laser, LED, optical amplifier, and some others. However, its application for sensor material is still limited. Experimental results showed that the glass medium doped rare earth ion has good potential for sensor applications, such as for radiation and temperature measurement. The addition of dopant improved the glass structure. In this paper, characterization of optical and photoluminescence properties of glass medium doped rare earth for sensor applications was observed.

Barium zinc oxide and barium zinc oxyfluoride borotellurite glass doped with Dy3+ have been comparatively investigated on physical, structural, optical and luminescence properties. Both glasses were prepared by melt and quenching technique. The FTIR spectra show weaker vibration of OH group in Dy3+ doped oxyfluoride glass than oxide glass due to fluoride existence. It results to stronger 4f-4f transition of oxyfluoride than oxide glass. The highest absorption band centered at 1269 nm of both glasses corresponds to E-6(15/2) -> F-6(11/2) transition of Dy3+. The prepared glasses were excited by photon with 388 nm and emitted white light due to the integration of strong yellow 575 nm (F-4(9/2) -> H-6(13/2)) and blue 482 nm (F-4(9/2) -> H-6(15/2)) emission. X-ray luminescence also were affeted from less vibration of OH group in oxyfluoride glass and showed similar strong emission pattern to the photoluminescence spectra. The calculations of radiative properties were done by Judd-Ofelt theory. The oxyfluoride glass showed more asymmetry of Dy3+ environment with higher J-O parameter (Omega(2)) value than oxide glass. The radiative transition probability (A(R)), stimulated emission cross-sections (sigma) and branching ratios (beta(R)) of oxyfluoride glass were higher than oxide glass which perform lower laser threshold and higher gain laser application. Both glasses in this work performed the high potential for photonic applications, but addition of fluoride made barium zinc oxyfluoride borotellurite glass more suitable than barium zinc oxide borotellurite glass for usage as a scintillation, laser medium and other white-light photonic material.

The real-time measurement system of suspended sediment concentration has been developed using simple near infrared spectroscopy. Currently, the measurement method of suspended sediment concentration that has been developed is the gravimetric method, optical instrument, and acoustic system. However, the gravimetric method can not be used for real time measurement while optical instrument and acoustic system are expensive and complicated. The measurement system in this research is low-cost and simple. It consists of near infrared as transmitter, photodiode as a receiver, and microcontroller as the interface between sensor and PC. Subsequently, the instrument is calibrated by using the soil. Before calibrating, the soil is dried and then filtered by a sieve having holes of less than 2 mm in diameter. The filtered soil is pounded into powder and weighted. The mass of soil is varied (15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33 g) and 500 ml of water is added to obtain suspended sediment concentration from 0.030-0.060 g/ml. The result shows that the relationship between suspended sediment concentration and the output voltage of photodiode are exponential with Rsquare of 0.98778, while the transfer function is logarithm with R-square of 0.99105. Based on data from this study, it shows that transmittance decreases while absorbance increases when suspended sediment concentration increases. The instrument error is less than 8.2%.

The investigation of glass for radiation shielding material has been more intense. It occurs because the development of crystal is complicated, inflexible to shape and high-cost production. Meanwhile, glass possesses high refractive index, transparency, easy to fabricate and low-cost production. The glasses development were manufactured by melt and quenching method. The radiation shielding properties were measured by Compton scattering instrument. The addition of metal oxides such as Bi 2 O 3 , PbO, and BaO in silicate glass improved the density and effective atomic number of the glass sample. Meanwhile, the addition of oxyfluoride in borate glass decreased the mass attenuation coefficient of glass. Both experimental data of effective atomic number and mass attenuation coefficient of glass were compared by theoretical data. The theoretical data was calculated by WinXCom program. The highest of absorption spectra occurred due to the addition of oxyfluoride in glass system. All results showed that glass was a suitable candidate for radiation shielding material. The oxyfluoride glass possessed the more potential for radiation shielding material among glass samples.