Upper groundwater level (verhovodka) is considered as one of the factors of soil waterlogging associated with both the natural features of the territory and anthropogenic impact. On the case of one of the watershed areas of the steppe, where many years of scientific research are being conducted to assess the minimization of agrotechnical methods of cultivation of agricultural crops, a soil-geomorphological profile 1 km long was studied on which 8 wells were drilled, to a depth of groundwater with water sampling for salinity and chemical composition. The results showed that there are no visual signs of gleying in the profile of chernozems, the groundwater level correlates with the daytime surface of the relief, and in the soil-ground layer at depths of 2.0-3.9 m there is a horizon of "chocolate" clay, which forms a local aquiclude. Sulphate-sodium composition of fresh waters potentially dangerous for the salinization of chernozems at a high level of GWL (ground water level). Verhovodka is important to desalinating groundwater located above the confining layer, playing the role of a local factor of desalinization of the soil-ground layer of sediments.Since 2009, in the Kamennaya Steppe, according to the data of the main hydrogeological well No. 1, the GWL is constantly at a depth of over 7 m, which characterizes the beginning of the next natural-anthropogenic aridization. In conditions of a lack of surface moisture, no-till techniques should be recommended as a factor in reducing evaporation and moisture accumulation in the steppe chernozems.

The variability of morphometric indicators of typical chernozems is considered based on long-term field experiment in a grain 4-field crop rotation (winter wheat, corn, barley, peas) to assess the impact of plowing as a traditional farming system that uses soil treatment and no-till, in which plowing is not used. On the example of four experimental fields (each with an area of 2.4 hectares), the variation of indicators associated with the features of the soil cover structure and the applied farming systems was revealed. The tillage leads to an increase in the thickness of the soil profile leached from carbonates, and direct sowing leads to its decrease. The highest variability degree is found in the boiling depth of soil. It is shown that the tillage leads to the homogenization of the soils surface layer and the transformation of the soil cover structure, as a kind of ”insurance system " against weather risks reducing its effectiveness. The direct sowing usage leads to the restoration of degraded properties and natural of soils heterogeneity in the soil cover structures, which can be considered as a process aimed at ecological improvement of both specifiс soil sites and the soil cover structures. The mutual influence of the soil cover structure and agricultural systems can be traced in time and space. The soil structure and the cultivated crops yield related to the sustainability of agrosystems to adverse climatic conditions and other risk. For these it is necessary monitoring soil as the basis for the qualitative assessment of soil and selection of the most optimal directions of agriculture development, a new technologies development in the production of agricultural products.