[目的]在以提升森林质量为目标的现代森林可持续管理条件下,综合考虑森林生态系统健康对服务功能价值的影响不仅有助于管理者探明关键修复区域,而且能为优化树种配置提供科学依据.[方法]基于生态系统健康理论,本研究构建了生态系统健康指数,改进了《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》的评估体系,精确评估了宁波市四明山区域森林服务功能价值2008—2018年的变化趋势.[结果]森林生态修复政策使四明山区域森林覆盖率提升1.0％,苗圃、灌木林减少26.9 km2,非林地减少12.2 km2,修复工程取得明显成效;2008—2018年间四明山区域森林生态系统服务功能价值量从56.0亿元/a变化为57.1亿元/a,各服务功能价值量均存在一定程度的提升,调节水量、释氧、森林游憩、净化水质和林木营养积累提升价值量超过1000万元.2018年7类服务功能价值占比从大到小依次为:涵养水源(39.3％),森林游憩(16.7％),固碳释氧(14.6％),积累营养物质(9.3％),生物多样性保护(8.5％),保育土壤(6.6％),净化大气环境(4.9％);竹林和阔叶林的单位面积价值量高于其他林型,分别为6.6和6.0万元/hm2,两种森林类型的总价值量贡献比例为36.1％和32.0％;在森林资源"量"的提升同时,受景观破碎化影响,四明山森林生态系统健康指数下降了12.6％,生态系统健康价值由28.0亿元/a下降为24.5亿元/a,因此,基于生态系统健康指数加权的价值评估总量为53.0亿元/a,较2008年下降了5.3％.[结论]结合生态系统健康评价方法的服务功能价值评估体系既能体现景观格局结构和生态恢复力的作用,也能量化和评价森林健康状态的效益,可为生态补偿政策和森林资源经营策略的制定和完善提供科学支撑和有效借鉴.

使用"地理探测器(GeoDetector)"对亚热带红壤区水土流失影响因素的定量分析结果可为当地森林生态修复和侵蚀模型完善提供科学依据.基于福建省龙岩市新罗区龙门溪小流域森林调查数据和径流小区监测数据,利用地理探测器探测不同生态修复措施和环境因素对针叶纯林坡面水土保持功能的影响及交互作用,结果表明:(1)对比中幼龄针叶纯林,补植阔叶树使针阔混交比例为7∶2可减少46％的径流量和76％的泥沙量,生态修复效果较好.对重侵蚀区"老头树"少量施肥难以产生效果.(2)影响坡面径流的因素由强到弱依次是:降雨因子(0.53),土壤容重、林分密度、灌草层盖度、树高和针阔比(均在0.08左右);影响泥沙流失的因素依次是:地表径流量(0.84),降雨因子(0.2),林分密度、土壤容重、灌草层盖度、土壤含水率、灌草层生物量(均在0.12左右).(3)各影响因素交互后主要呈增强作用;林分密度、灌草层盖度和土壤容重还可与其他因子产生强烈非线性增强作用(交互后影响力＞0.9),是在森林修复和模型参数优化时需重点关注的对象.

Gridded CO2 emission maps at the urban scale can aid the design of low-carbon development strategies. However, the large uncertainties associated with such maps increase policy-related risks. Therefore, an investigation of the uncertainties in gridded maps at the urban scale is essential. This study proposed an analytic workflow to assess uncertainty propagation during the gridding process. Gridded CO2 emission maps were produced using two resolutions of geospatial datasets (e.g., remote sensing satellite-derived products) for Jinjiang City, China, and a workflow was applied to analyze uncertainties. The workflow involved four submodules that can be used to evaluate the uncertainties of CO2 emissions in gridded maps, caused by the gridded model and input. Fine-resolution (30 m) maps have a larger spatial variation in CO2 emissions, which gives the fine-resolution maps a higher degree of uncertainty propagation. Furthermore, the uncertainties of gridded CO2 emission maps, caused by inserting a random error into spatial proxies, were found to decrease after the gridding process. This can be explained by the “compensation of error” phenomenon, which may be attributed to the cancellation of the overestimated and underestimated values among the different sectors at the same grid. This indicates a nonlinear change between the sum of the uncertainties for different sectors and the actual uncertainties in the gridded maps. In conclusion, the present workflow determined uncertainties were caused by the gridded model and input. These results may aid decision-makers in establishing emission reduction targets, and in developing both low-carbon cities and community policies.