Polymesoda erosa inhabits mangrove forests and serves as a food source for local people. However, the accumulation of heavy metals in P. erosa may pose potential risks to consumers. This study aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in P. erosa across small, medium, and big sizes and to assess the preference of environmental accumulation sources. Heavy metals were analyzed in the tissue of P. erosa: As, Se, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Ba, and Pb. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were used to examine the bioaccumulation behavior. The results showed that Zn had the highest concentration in P. erosa for all sizes: small (11.13 mg·kg⁻¹), medium (13.54 mg·kg⁻¹), and big (13.69 mg·kg⁻¹). The total amount of accumulated heavy metals increased with P. erosa sizes, with values of 0.0655 mg, 0.2554 mg, and 0.5533 mg for small, medium, and big sizes, respectively. Although accumulated heavy metals were different in sizes, Bioaccumulation ratio of P. erosa was approximately 0.02 mg of heavy metals per gram of tissue for all 3 sizes. P. erosa was found to absorb more heavy metals from the water than from the sediment. In addition, target hazard quotient values (THQ > 1) indicated a potential non-carcinogenic health risk to consumers.

In reservoir water quality monitoring, determining Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) parameters is often time-consuming and costly. This study introduced a novel approach for predicting BOD5 concentration through the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). Five best models were built using the BMA to predict BOD5 in relationship with DO, TSS, COD, NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, Oil and Coliform. The final best selected model showed the relationship of BOD5 with 4 variables: COD, NO3-, NO2-, and Coliform. BOD5 received the highest relative importance to NO2-(0.361), followed by COD (0.214), NO3-(0.161) and Coliform (0.174) in the selected model. The developed model demonstrated robust performance, achieving an average accuracy of 93.26%. It was found that BMA was an effective method for building pollutant concentration prediction models. The BMA method was capable of using all observed parameters to build a model, thereby selecting the most important and optimal parameters to build a predicting model instead of the parameters selected by the modeler. Compared with methods such as Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), or other artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the MBA method demonstrated better forecasting result with R2 = 0.91. The BMA method proposed the most optimal models with high R2 but the least number of dependent variables, facilitating the running of the forecasting model.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a notable polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFASs) contaminating global water environment. This study investigated the effect of inhibitors on the degradation of PFOA by ultrasonic-assisted inorganic anions. Among NO3–, SO42–, and HCO3– anions use to assist in PFOA degradation by ultrasonic (US), SO42– showed higher result. When tert-butanol (t-BuOH) was used as a radical scavenger to find out which radical play role in PFOA degradation and the highest PFOA decomposition efficiency (94.9%) was observed in NaNO3/t-BuOH, US system with 30 mM NaNO3– initial concentration. We did not detect any shorter-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) except for PFOA and F– anions in the final reaction solution that mean PFOA was decomposed directly to CO, CO2 and HF. Meanwhile, HCO3– anions showed the lowest degradation efficiency. In terms of energy efficiency, the energy consumption in US/sulfate system was seen to be comparable to that of sonolysis.

To date, humans are looking for suitable energy sources to meet the global demand for fuels. Among many candidates, biohydrogen (bio-H 2 ), a future fuel perspective, is expected to grow critically and receive considerable attention to replace fossil fuels. This review focuses on biohydrogen production via post-method photocatalytic reforming of ideal feedstock and abundant lignocellulosic biomass. Renewable biomass precursors are used without net greenhouse gas emissions. This idea holds great promise as a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solution. In particular, many saccharide substrates, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, etc., have been used as sacrificial reagents in photocatalytic reforming over the past few decades. Among the various substrates, cellulose has attracted worldwide attention since it is the most abundant polymeric biomass resource that can be obtained from many sources. Following, photo-reforming of renewable lignocellulosic biomass, which aligns with the requirements of sustainable development, is successfully proposed. The overall catalytic efficiency will be discussed regarding the biohydrogen evolution rate (mmol g cat −1  h −1 ). Finally, the review concluded with challenges and potential opportunities to enhance biohydrogen are also given.

Herein, we have reported a photocatalytic Bi5O7I, protonated g-C3N4 heterojunction with directional charge transfer channels provided by tea waste biochar to achieve effective e−/h+ pair isolation for the improved degradation of Methylene blue (MB) and Doxycycline hydrochloride (DCHCl). An S-scheme heterojunction was fabricated via the novel method that combined hydrothermal and ultrasonic dispersion, followed by an electrostatic self-assembly route. The as-fabricated Bi5O7I/protonated g-C3N4/Tea waste biochar heterojunction formed a strong contact at the interface, as supported by the electron microscopic results. As per the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation kinetics study, Bi5O7I/Tea waste biochar/protonated g-C3N4 (40 wt%) heterojunction showed a higher adsorption rate of 41.56% and 32% for MB and DCHCl within 30 min in the dark. Also, 92.02% MB and 90.21% DCHCl degradation rates in 60 and 90 min, respectively, are approximately 43 and 32 times higher than bare Bi5O7I and protonated g-C3N4 photocatalysts. The highest adsorption and degradation rate was achieved owing to the addition of Tea waste biochar and protonated g-C3N4 in a controlled ratio, and the sufficient interfacial contact between Bi5O7I and protonated g-C3N4 is for the improved isolation rate of e−/h+ pairs as evidenced by zeta potential values photoluminescence spectra as well as from scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, Bi5O7I/Tea waste biochar/protonated g-C3N4 (40 wt%) possessed high stability and recyclability after four consecutive cycles without much altering the degradation ability. Therefore, we believe that the as-fabricated Bi5O7I/Tea waste biochar/protonated g-C3N4 (40 wt%) provides new insight into the highly efficient S-scheme mechanisms significant for accelerating multicomponent photocatalytic redox reactions; while forming an effective visible light responsive candidate for treating wastewater.

Emerging pollutants include a variety of compounds such PPCPs, antibiotics, drugs, steroids, endocrine disruptors, hormones, industrial additives, chemicals, and microbeads. They are globally distributed in the environment, especially in aqueous environment. EPs can enter water bodies via wastewater effluents and then are available in other water environments. They are hard to remove from the aquifer and can remain in groundwater for a long time. In the present review, the sources of emerging pollutants, their occurrence in an aqueous environment, and their effects on aquatic ecosystems were discussed in detail. As persistent pollutants, the health and ecological risks of EPs have significant impacts because they can bioaccumulate for aquatic organisms and re-enter the food web at a later time.

To date, the prevalence of commonly used plastics like Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polylactic acid (PLA), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) extends across diverse industries, from textiles to beverage bottles and daily packaging applications. Originally designed for up to 50 years of durable shelf life, these plastics face accelerated disposal challenges due to the pervasive "throw-away" culture. The rapid expansion of single-use plastic manufacturing, notably PET, has led to an astonishing global output of one million tons of plastic each year, highlighting the urgent requirement for efficient solutions in managing plastic waste. Carbon-based nanomaterials derived from PET are synthesized using chemical reactions in solution or high-temperature environments. This review discusses molten salt, hydrothermal, and one-step solvent-based synthesis techniques. We investigate advances in converting PET plastic into nanostructured materials, revealing their potential for energy storage, adsorption, supercapacitors, and sensors. As we navigate the challenges of plastic waste, this review scrutinizes the environmental impact by bridging the gap between plastic pollution and the utilization of upcycled nanomaterials of these pioneering methods, offering insights into their sustainability.

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are widely used in our modern life.They are known for their useful properties such as thermal and chemical stability, and their ability to repel oil, grease, and water.Despite their benefits, the toxicity of PFCs is not fully understood.Some studies have shown effects of PFCs on the liver, such as enlargement and tumors, immune system sensitivity, and cancer.In this study the concentration of PFCs in river water in Dong Anh district, Hanoi City has been assessed and proposed solutions to enhance management effectiveness through survey methods, sampling, sample analysis, and risk assessment.The results show that the total concentration of PFCs in water samples collected from rivers in Dong Anh ranges from 10-4 ng/l to 387,704 ng/l.Most concentration of PFCs were below permissible limits, but notably, the concentration of dibenzo [a,h]anthracene in all samples exceeded the threshold by 1.13 to 4.69 times.

•New chitosan-biochar composite derived from agricultural waste were fabricated.•Characteristics of biochar and chitosan-biochar composite were presented.•Affecting factors to the adsorption process were investigated.•Thermodynamic and adsorption isotherms were revealed and assessed.•Uptake mechanism of SMX onto the adsorbent was proposed and discussed.

To date, intensive emphasis is required to develop advanced postharvest technologies to ensure food security, increase nutrition, and improve farmers toward cleaner production. How to effectively degrade the harmful gaseous ethylene (C2H4) biosynthesis, which distributes heavy losses of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, has received considerable attention. Among various advanced techniques, photocatalytic degradation of biological C2H4 is proposed as the most promising method to solve this issue. In this context, the recent studies on the photodegradation of C2H4 have been critically summarized and highlighted. Many photocatalysts, including TiO2-based and non-TiO2-based (metal oxides (ZnO, WO3, Ga2O3), molybdates (β-Ag2MoO4), phosphides (Ag3PO4), perovskite oxides (Bi2WO6)) nanomaterials, have been revealed with credible performance results. Also, varying reaction parameters to optimize the photocatalytic degradation efficacy in the literature are summarized. We also discussed the current status, challenges, and prospects for enhanced photodegradation of C2H4 in this study. The efficacy and economics of photodegradation have played an essential role in selecting a particular type of photocatalyst. Although many efforts have been made, significant improvements are still required for photocatalysis. In this work, we have also successfully suggested some strategies to further promote this concept for controlling and degrading plant-generated C2H4 in fruit and vegetable postharvest in a sustainable and economically feasible manner.

Plastics are widely employed in modern civilization because of their durability, mold ability, and light weight. In the recent decade, micro/nanoplastics research has steadily increased, highlighting its relevance. However, contaminating micro/nanoplastics in marine environments, terrestrial ecosystems, and biological organisms is considered a severe threat to the environmental system. Geographical distribution, migration patterns, etymologies of formation, and ecological ramifications of absorption are just a few topics covered in the scientific literature on environmental issues. Degradable solutions from material science and chemistry are needed to address the micro/nanoplastics problem, primarily to reduce the production of these pollutants and their potential effects. Removing micro/nanoplastics from their discharge points has been a central and effective way to mitigate the adverse pollution effects. In this review, we begin by discussing the hazardous effect on living beings and the identification-characterization of micro/nanoplastics. Then, we provide a summary of the existing degradation strategies, which include bio-degradation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and a detailed discussion of their degradation mechanisms is also represented. Finally, a persuasive summary of the evaluated work and projections for the future of this topic is provided.

The average concentration of 16 PAHs in street dust in Hanoi (n=27) was 1,226 ng/g, ranging from 532 to 2,276 ng/g. The total toxic equivalent amount of 16 PAHs, in comparison with BaP, TEQBaP was 121.58 ng/g on average and varried in a range of 35.36 and 322.22 ng/g. Amongst 16 analysed PAHs, the most abundant compounds were Pyr (16.4%)>BbF (14.0%)~Fluth (14.0%)>BghiP (12.3%)>Phe (7.9%). However, BaP occupied up to 52.6% of the toxic equivalent amount, followed by DahA (15.9%) and BkF (14.2%). In Hanoi street dust, the ratios of some special PAHs such as Fluth/Fluth+Pyr (0.46±0.04); BaA/Chr in a range of 0.27-0.49 (occupied 60% of the dust sample amount), and IcdP/BghiP (0.40±0.11), showed that the main emission source of PAHs in Hanoi road dust was from traffic vehicles using gasoline. The PAHs concentrations in street dust in Hanoi tended to be reduced up to approximately 10% in the observation for a few recent years despite the increasing traffic vehicle volume of the city. That means the better traffic vehicles and road management in Hanoi, the lesser emission of toxic organic pollutants, especially PAHs, to the ambient air.

This study investigated and evaluated the quality of PFASs in the water of the Bac Hung Hai River passing through Van Giang district, Hung Yen, Vietnam.PFASs concentration in the river water samples were detected by using LC-MS/MS spectrum.The results showed that the studied river region contaminated PFASs.PFASs concentration ranged from 0.10 to 3.88 ng/l.The average concentrations of individual PFASs were PFBA 5.5, PFPeA 6.8, PFHxA 0.8, PFHpA 0.34, PFOA 0.16, PFNA 0.19, PFDA 0.036, PFHxA 1.34, PFOS 0.074, PFDS 0.037.The research results show that distribution of PFASs in the Bac Hung Hai River are not uniform and depend on the of discharge sources.

Residue concentrations of fifteen antibiotics including sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides, β-lactams, and trimethoprim in lakes from Hanoi metropolitan area, Vietnam, were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS-MS) to elucidate their occurrence and behavior in urban environment. For surface water, the average concentrations of five antibiotic classes decreased in the order: sulfonamides (117.9 ng/L) > β-lactams (31.28 ng/L) > quinolones (20.19 ng/L) > macrolides (17.74 ng/L) > trimethoprim (8.93 ng/L). While the highest concentration of SMX was detected at 806.5 ng/L in surface water, those obtained in sediment were only at 1.35 ng/g because of their high solubility in water. Quinolones were found at a maximal concentration of 158.7 ng/L for OFL in water phase whereas those in sediment phase were 4,017 ng/g due to their great affinity in sediment. These findings revealed the different fate and release mechanisms of each antibiotic group in the environment. The ecological risk assessment implied some targeted compounds, and in particular, OFL and AZM could pose high risks to algae in the aquatic ecosystem.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have attracted great concern because of their great recalcitrant nature and harmful environmental health effects. Eight PFASs in wastewater from craft villages and industrial environments of Vietnam were analyzed using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with negative electrospray ionization interface. For analysis of PFASs, percent recoveries ranged from 87 to 112, and MQL varied from 0.19 ng/L to 0.49 ng/L. Treated wastewater samples from eight metal-plating and eight textile-dyeing factories were collected for analysis of PFASs. Concentrations of PFOS in wastewater samples obtained from metal-plating factories with decorative plating stage were found at a range of 0.73–18.91 ng/L. For textile-dyeing factories, PFOA and/or PFHxA, which were present in all effluent wastewater samples, varied from 0.37 to 15.96 ng/L and 1.07 to 43.58 ng/L, respectively. Sixty surface water samples in four locations of the textile dyeing craft villages, a recycling plastic village, a paper recycling village, and 10 river water samples in the control area (a rural area without specific waste sources) were collected and analyzed for PFASs. The total concentrations of eight PFASs in surface water samples of craft villages ranged from 0.83 to 58.2 ng/L, which were significantly higher than those in the control area. PFOA, PFHxA, and PFOS are the three most dominant congeners in wastewater taken from craft villages with the highest concentrations of 27.4, 23.8, and 7.36 ng/L, respectively. The environmental risks posed by PFASs in surface water from craft villages were mainly in a range of extremely low to low level, particularly a few points have high ecological risks of PFDoA.