In the past, bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) occurred most commonly after thyroidectomy. However, no large series documenting the etiology of adult BVFI has been published within the past fifteen years. This study reviews the etiologic patterns of BVFI at our institutions. We compare BVFI from before and after 1980. We also review combined studies of unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) to compare and unilateral versus bilateral etiologic trends. In comparison with previously published series, fewer cases of BVFI present today as a complication of thyroid surgery and more as the result of malignancies and nonsurgical trauma. Unfortunately, BVFI caused by malignancy is not usually an initial sign of local disease, but an ominous sign of recurrence or metastases. In comparing UVFI and BVFI we found that thyroidectomy causes a higher percentage of BVFI than of UVFI. Over one-third of UVFI cases were caused by neoplasm which further underscores the potential seriousness of immobile vocal folds and the need for careful investigation.

As temporal bone imaging techniques continue to improve, it is likely that we will see an increase in the detection of pneumolabyrinth. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how air enters the labyrinth. A small number of authors has reported an association between pneumolabyrinth and temporal bone fractures, perilymphatic fistulae, and displaced stapes prostheses. In this article, we describe a new case of pneumolabyrinth that was seen as a late complication of stapes surgery, and we summarize what is known about this rare condition.

We present only the 12th reported case of a laryngeal leiomyosarcoma. This tumor was diagnosed with the aid of the newer immunohistochemical stains on archival paraffin-embedded tissue. The diagnosis and management of these tumors is based largely on the patterns seen in the small number of earlier reported cases of head and neck leiomyosarcomas and laryngeal sarcomas.

Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryVolume 122, Issue 4 p. 623-623 Book Reviews Advances in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume 12, edited by Eugene N. Myers, Charles D. Bluestone, Derald E. Brackmann, Charles J. Krause. 320 pages. Mosby, St Louis, 1998. $89.00. Louis D. Lowry MD, Louis D. Lowry MDSearch for more papers by this author Louis D. Lowry MD, Louis D. Lowry MDSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 2016 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0194-5998(00)70133-1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume122, Issue4April 2000Pages 623-623 RelatedInformation

Human olfactory neuroepithelium (OE) is situated within the olfactory cleft of the nasal cavity and has the characteristic property of continually regenerating neurons during the lifetime of the individual. This regenerative ability of OE provides a unique model for neuronal differentiation, but little is known about the structure and biology of human olfactory mucosa. Thus, to better understand neurogenesis in human OE, we studied the expression of olfactory marker protein (OMP), TrkB and NeuroD in human nasal biopsies and autopsy specimens and compared these data with those obtained from normal and regenerating mouse OE. We show that NeuroD and TrkB are coordinately expressed in human OE. Thus, by using these markers we have been able to extend the known boundaries of the human OE to include the inferior middle turbinate. In normal mouse OE, TrkB and OMP expression overlap in cells closest to the superficial layer, but TrkB is expressed more strongly in the lower region of this layer. In contrast, NeuroD expression is more basally restricted in a region just above the globose basal cells. These characteristic expression patterns of OMP, TrkB and NeuroD were also observed in the regenerating mouse OE induced by axotomy. These results support a role of NeuroD and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the preferred ligand for TrkB, in the maintenance of the olfactory neuroepithelium in humans and mice.

Renewed attention to chemosensory dysfunction has revealed that a substantial portion of the population are affected during their lives, many simply as a result of aging. The authors discuss terminology, assessment, etiology, and prognosis and compare current understanding with that presented by Mackenzie in 1884.

Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryVolume 117, Issue 2 p. P190-P190 Original Article Severe Complications in Radiation: Cured Head and Neck Cancer Patients John J. Huang MD, John J. Huang MD Philadelphia, Pa. Haddonfield, N.J.Search for more papers by this authorLouis D. Lowry MD, Louis D. Lowry MD Philadelphia, Pa. Haddonfield, N.J.Search for more papers by this authorJames M. Sumerson, James M. Sumerson Philadelphia, Pa. Haddonfield, N.J.Search for more papers by this author John J. Huang MD, John J. Huang MD Philadelphia, Pa. Haddonfield, N.J.Search for more papers by this authorLouis D. Lowry MD, Louis D. Lowry MD Philadelphia, Pa. Haddonfield, N.J.Search for more papers by this authorJames M. Sumerson, James M. Sumerson Philadelphia, Pa. Haddonfield, N.J.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0194-59989780411-1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume117, Issue2August 1997Pages P190-P190 RelatedInformation

Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryVolume 117, Issue 2 p. P194-P194 Original Article Vagal Paraganglioma: Evaluation and Treatment Randy B. Miller MD, Randy B. Miller MD Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this authorLouis D. Lowry MD, Louis D. Lowry MD Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this authorJoseph P. Atkins MD, Joseph P. Atkins MD Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this authorWilliam M. Keane MD, William M. Keane MD Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this author Randy B. Miller MD, Randy B. Miller MD Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this authorLouis D. Lowry MD, Louis D. Lowry MD Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this authorJoseph P. Atkins MD, Joseph P. Atkins MD Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this authorWilliam M. Keane MD, William M. Keane MD Philadelphia, Pa.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0194-59989780422-6Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume117, Issue2August 1997Pages P194-P194 RelatedInformation

Benign skeletal muscle neoplasms are rare, especially when compared with their malignant counterparts. Rhabdomyomas have been reported to account for only approximately 2% of all striated-muscle neop1asms.l Although it is difficult to know the true incidence of this rare tumor, up to 76% of reported noncardiac cases have been found to occur in the head and neck region.2 Rhabdomyomas can be subdivided into different groups, based on clinical and morphological differences. The purpose of this paper is to share a unique case presentation of a man who developed a recurrence of a parapharyngeal rhabdomyoma 25 years after primary surgical excision. This paper will review the literature and discuss presenting symptoms, differential diagnosis, histopathological findings, and treatment.

Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryVolume 113, Issue 2 p. P138-P138 Original Article Poster 38: Harvesting and Histopathological Analysis of the Human Olfactory Organ Bruce W. Peters DO, presenter, Bruce W. Peters DO, presenter Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorEdmund A Pribitkin MD, Edmund A Pribitkin MD Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorLouis D. Lowry MD, Louis D. Lowry MD Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorWilliam M. Keane MD, William M. Keane MD Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this author Bruce W. Peters DO, presenter, Bruce W. Peters DO, presenter Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorEdmund A Pribitkin MD, Edmund A Pribitkin MD Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorLouis D. Lowry MD, Louis D. Lowry MD Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorWilliam M. Keane MD, William M. Keane MD Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: August 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0194-5998(05)80814-9Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume113, Issue2August 1995Pages P138-P138 RelatedInformation

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare neuronal malignancy of the olfactory mucosal. Markers used in the diagnosis of ONB do not distinguish ONB from other neuronal tumors or tumors with neuroendocrine features thus making the diagnosis of ONB difficult. Using a modified RT-PCR technique, we show that the human homologue of the Drosophila achaete-scute gene HASH1 is expressed in 6 primary and one metastatic ONB specimens, whereas Olfactory Marker Protein (OMP) is not. Previous studies have shown that HASH1 is expressed in immature olfactory neurons and is required for their development. OMP, whose function is unknown, is expressed exclusively in mature olfactory neurons. Together, these data suggest that ONB is derived from immature olfactory neurons of neuroectodermal origin. Analysis of RNA expression in primary tumor specimens and in an established cell line make this an ideal system to study olfactory growth and differentiation. Furthermore, these studies represent the first molecular genetic analysis of this rare and unusual neuronal tumor.

We summarize etiologies of vocal fold paralysis and current treatments. The recent literature involving electrical stimulation of the larynx is reviewed. Four canines were involved in a study to test a new laryngeal pacemaker system. This system was used to stimulate both the lateral cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid muscles. The data are taken from two of these canines. One of the goals was to stimulate the paralyzed side of the larynx based on the activity of the normal (nonparalyzed) side of the larynx. The best stimulation parameters for full addition of the paralyzed vocal cord were 3-7 V, pulse duration of 0.5 ms at a frequency of 84-100 Hz. Principles for electrode design and electrophysiologic parameters pertaining to laryngeal pacing are discussed. We believe that unilateral vocal fold paralysis may someday be treated by stimulating the paralyzed lateral cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid muscles to move in synchrony with the normal, unparalyzed, lateral cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid muscles.

An unusual localization of intranasal angiomyolipoma is described in an adult male patient with no signs of tuberous sclerosis. The lesion was composed of mature fat cells, vascular spaces with lack of elastic tissue, and presence of bundles of mature smooth muscle cells. Antibodies to intermediate filaments revealed presence of vimentin and absence of desmin in both smooth muscle bundles and in vessel walls. A review of the literature has shown that this is only the third reported case of the angiomyolipoma of the nasal cavity, and some important differences between this entity and renal angiomyolipoma are described. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Giant cholesterol cyst (GCC) of the petrous apex is a rare clinical entity. This benign cystic lesion can cause neurologic deficits and vascular compromise by persistent growth and progressive bone destruction. Magnetic resonance imaging studies of GCC show the lesions to be hyperintense on T(1)-weighted sequences with progressively lower signal intensities on the first and second echoes of T(2)-weighted sequences. These findings are relatively specific for GCC, permitting a narrow differential diagnosis. The goal of surgery is to provide adequate drainage with the creation of a permanent fistula. The classic approaches to these lesions are the posterior fossa craniotomy and the middle fossa extradural craniotomy. The translabyrinthine approach provides wide exposure at the expense of cochlear and vestibular function. The transsphenoidal approach provides adequate drainage with hearing preservation and no craniotomy. The endoscopic, endonasal transsphenoidal approach to a 2.5 cm GCC of the petrous apex accomplished complete drainage with the creation of a fistula. Advances in endoscopic technique and instrumentation facilitated the addition of the approach to the surgeon's armamentarium. In selected cases, this approach provides adequate surgical exposure with minimal morbidity.

Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryVolume 110, Issue 3 p. 341-344 Article Desmoplastic fibroma of the parapharyngeal space Dr. Michael J. Fucci MD, Corresponding Author Dr. Michael J. Fucci MD n/[email protected] Department of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaReprint requests: Michael J. Fucci, MD, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 909 Walnut St., Third Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107.Search for more papers by this authorDr. Louis D. Lowry MD, Dr. Louis D. Lowry MD Department of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorDr. Christopher Eriksen MD, Dr. Christopher Eriksen MD Currently in Private practice Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorDr. Mark F. Kelly MD, Dr. Mark F. Kelly MD Department of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this author Dr. Michael J. Fucci MD, Corresponding Author Dr. Michael J. Fucci MD n/[email protected] Department of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaReprint requests: Michael J. Fucci, MD, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 909 Walnut St., Third Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107.Search for more papers by this authorDr. Louis D. Lowry MD, Dr. Louis D. Lowry MD Department of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorDr. Christopher Eriksen MD, Dr. Christopher Eriksen MD Currently in Private practice Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorDr. Mark F. Kelly MD, Dr. Mark F. Kelly MD Department of Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 1994 https://doi.org/10.1177/019459989411000315 Presented at the Pennsylvania Academy of Otolaryngology Annual Meeting, State College, Pa., June 7, 1991. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1Jaffe HL. Tumor and tumorous conditions of the bone and joints. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1958: 298. Google Scholar 2Dahlin DC, Unni KK. Bone tumors: general aspects and data on 8, 542 cases. 4th ed. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas, 1986: 375-6. Google Scholar 3Crim JR, Gold RH, Milla JM, Eckardt JJ, Bassett LW. Desmoplastic fibroma of bone: radiograph analysis. Radiology 1989; 172: 827-32. 10.1148/radiology.172.3.2772196 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4George DIJr, Gould AR, Miller RL, Strull NJ. Desmoplastic fibroma of the maxilla. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1985; 43: 718-25. 10.1016/0278-2391(85)90199-5 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5Osguthorpe JD, Adkins WYJr, Rawe SE. Combined extracranial-intracranial resection of a maxillary desmoid tumor. OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1981; 89: 392-7. 10.1177/019459988108900307 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 6Vally IM, Dent M., Altini M., Dent M. Fibromatoses of the oral and paraoral soft tissue and jaws. 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Computed tomography of desmoid tumors of bone: desmoplastic fibroma. Skeletal Radiol 1988; 17: 333-7. 10.1007/BF00367178 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 13Enzinger FM, Weiss SW. Soft tissue tumors. St. Louis: Mosby, 1983: 15-70. Google Scholar 14Ayala AG, Ro JY, Goepfert H., Cangir A., Khorsand J., Flake G. Desmoid fibromatosis: a clinicopathologic study of 25 children. Semin Diagn Pathol 1986; 16: 130-5. Google Scholar 15Kwon PHJ, Horswell BB, Gatto DJ. Desmoplastic fibroma of the jaws: surgical management and review of the literature. Head Neck 1989; 11: 67-75. 10.1002/hed.2880110112 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Volume110, Issue3March 1994Pages 341-344 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Dural sinus thrombosis is a rare, potentially fatal complication of a radical neck dissection. The prognosis can vary from complete recovery to rapid death. Magnetic resonance venography provides an effective, noninvasive diagnosis. The goals of therapy are to decrease intracranial pressure and to lyse the thrombus. Systemic anticoagulation and systemic thrombolytics are controversial therapies. The direct intrasinus infusion of thrombolytic agents is under investigation.