Eugenia pyriformis Cambess., popularly known as uvaia, is a native Brazilian species belonging to the Myrtaceae family that has attracted pharmacological interest due to its richness in bioactive secondary metabolites. Previous studies have reported antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil obtained from its leaves, reinforcing its therapeutic potential. In this context, the present study aimed to extract and characterize the essential oil from E. pyriformis leaves cultivated in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory potential through in vitro and in vivo models. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed a predominance of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, mainly γ-muurolene, δ-cadinene, and β-caryophyllene. The oil exhibited significant anti-edematogenic activity in carrageenan-, prostaglandin E2-, and bradykinin-induced paw edema models in adult female Swiss mice, suggesting modulation of inflammatory mediators, possibly through inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Conversely, no effect was observed in the compound 48/80-induced model, indicating the absence of activity on histamine- and serotonin-mediated processes. In vitro assays demonstrated that the oil reduced TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages, confirming its ability to modulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the essential oil of E. pyriformis exerts anti-inflammatory activity through multiple targets.

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease associated with poor sanitation and caused by parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Its transmission cycle involves freshwater snails of the Biomphalaria genus as intermediate hosts. Niclosamide is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for controlling Biomphalaria spp. populations, and concerns about its environmental toxicity and resistance highlight the need for the development of new alternatives. Curcuma longa L. essential oil is reported to have antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, suggesting its potential for application in mollusk control strategies. However, its lipophilicity limits its application in aqueous environments. This study aimed to develop C. longa nanoemulsions and evaluate their molluscicidal activity toward Biomphalaria glabrata. The essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was characterized by GC‒MS and GC‒FID, revealing ar-turmerone (38.72

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the upper airways that is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and triggered by environmental allergens. Current pharmacological therapies, including antihistamines, corticosteroids, and immunotherapy, offer symptomatic relief but are limited by their incomplete disease-modulating effects and potential adverse side effects. Purinergic P2 receptors (P2Rs; P2X and P2Y subtypes) have emerged as key modulators of allergic inflammation and regulate mast cell degranulation, T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine release, eosinophil recruitment, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Natural products, including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, demonstrate multitarget anti-inflammatory effects and have the potential to modulate P2R signaling. However, direct evidence of their activity on P2Rs in AR remains limited. This review critically summarizes the immunopathology of AR, highlights the functional relevance of P2Rs, and discusses emerging natural product-based strategies, emphasizing mechanistic insights and translational potential for the development of novel therapeutics.

This study aims to identify and analyze published studies in which anti-inflammatory or immunoregulatory compounds have been investigated and their effects evaluated using Biomphalaria glabrata as an experimental model. B. glabrata, a mollusk highly susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni, is increasingly being considered a promising model for studying inflammatory processes and screening potential therapeutic agents. Inflammation, although a natural component of the immune response, can become chronic and contribute to the development of various diseases. In this mollusk, hemocytes act as key immune cells, responding to parasitic infections through mechanisms functionally analogous to inflammation in vertebrates. Substances such as hydrocortisone and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) have demonstrated the ability to alter immune responses in B. glabrata, either by suppressing hemocyte function, reducing oxidative stress, or regulating immune signaling pathways. Due to its low maintenance cost, ease of handling, and rapid life cycle, B. glabrata represents a valuable invertebrate model for early-stage screening of immunomodulatory and potentially therapeutic compounds. Overall, this work supports the use of B. glabrata as a viable alternative model in research, contributing to the development of novel anti-inflammatory strategies and reducing the need for early testing in mammalian systems.

AIM:Na+, K+ATPase (NKA) has been proposed as an essential element for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, especially during the first 3 infection hours. This evidence is underscored by the antiviral activity of NKA classical inhibitors, commonly known as cardiac glycosides. In this study, we evaluated whether the anti-HSV-1 activity of extracts from Myrciaria floribunda leaves and nanomusified extracts would be related to blocking of ion pumping via NKA inhibition. METHODS AND RESULTS:Cells VERO infected with strain HSV-1 or HSV-1 acyclovir (ACV)-resistant or not infected were treated or untreated with different concentrations of extracts to evaluate cell viability, HSV replication, viral particle inactivation, synergistic effect, changes regarding NKA activity in a pig kidney medulla preparation and Na+, K + ionic concentrations. We showed that all nanomusified extracts (crude, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, butanolic, and hexanic) exhibited significant antiviral activity with low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, all extracellular nanomaterials reduced the viral titer, mainly by decreasing the attachment step, and enhanced antiviral activity when combined. Also exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1 ACV-resistant (PAAR'5 strain). In addition, we demonstrated that crude and ethyl acetate extracts reduced NKA activity in a pig kidney medulla preparation. Alterations in Na+ or K+ concentrations in the presence of these extracts affected viral replication. Interestingly, an increase in K+ concentration favors viral replication, while increase in Na+ concentration impairs it. CONCLUSION:We postulate that anti-HSV-1 activity of extracts (crude and ethyl acetate) from M. floribunda leaves and nanomusified may be correlated with K+ influx due to NKA inhibition.

BACKGROUND:Eugenia involucrata DC. is a Brazilian native species of the Myrtaceae family traditionally used in folk medicine and known for its antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. However, its anti-inflammatory potential remains poorly investigated. METHODS:This study characterized the essential oil from E. involucrata leaves and evaluated its anti-inflammatory activity using in vitro and in vivo models. The chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and in murine paw edema models induced by carrageenan, compound 48/80, bradykinin, and prostaglandin E2. RESULTS:GC-MS analysis identified 23 compounds, representing 91.41% of the oil composition, with predominance of oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The major constituents were globulol (15.71%), α-selinene (13.14%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (8.31%), cubeban-11-ol (8.04%), and β-elemene (6.78%). The essential oil showed no significant cytotoxicity below 100 micrograms/mL toward RAW 264.7 macrophages and significantly reduced LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression. In vivo, it markedly inhibited paw edema induced by carrageenan, compound 48/80, and bradykinin, but not by prostaglandin E2. CONCLUSIONS:These findings demonstrate that E. involucrata essential oil possesses significant anti-inflammatory and anti-edematogenic activity, likely through modulation of early inflammatory mediators involved in acute inflammation.

The integration of agro-industrial byproducts into the human diet is pivotal for enhancing global food security and metabolic health. Carya illinoinensis (Pecan), traditionally valued for its edible kernels, possesses lignocellulosic byproducts (bark and shells) that are dense reservoirs of proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids. This review bridges the gap between agricultural genetic diversity and potential metabolic outcomes, proposing a circular economy model for the functional food industry. This study provides an integrated analysis of the phytochemical signature and nutritional characterization of pecan, emphasizing the impact of cultivar variability and advanced extraction technologies on bioactive yields. We decode the nutritional profile across different genotypes (e.g., “Barton,” “Pawnee,” and “Pecanita”), highlighting how genetic diversity influences (+)-catechin concentrations and the oleic/linoleic acid ratio. Furthermore, we examine the transition to “green extraction” technologies and their role in enhancing the stability and bioaccessibility of these metabolites. By matching phytochemical variability with targeted nutritional characteristics, this review establishes a scientific framework for the industrial valorization of pecans as a source of premium ingredients for functional nutrition.

CHEMICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM Oxandra martiana (Schltdl.) R.E.Fr. Oxandra martiana is an unexplored Annonaceae species with a geographic distribution restricted to southeastern Brazil. The essential oil obtained from the leaves by hydrodistillation yielded 0.32% and was characterized by epizonarene (41.88-48.24%) as the major component, followed by viridiflorene (6.71-7.98%), (Z)-(3-ocimene (4.56-7.05%), and 3-cadinene (4.91-5.43%). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against clinically relevant Grampositive and Gram-negative strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays revealed that the oil inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at 2 mg mL-1, while no inhibitory effect was observed against Escherichia coli (> 2 mg mL-1). Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) analysis indicated a bactericidal effect exclusively against S. aureus (2 mg mL-1). These findings suggest a selective antibacterial potential of O. martiana essential oil, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, due to differences in cell wall structure and permeability. This study provides the first chemical and antibacterial report of O. martiana leaf essential oil, highlighting its selective activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Further studies are needed to explore the phytochemical diversity of the genus Oxandra and to assess its potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.

Background and purpose:Microbial resistance is a major global health concern. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is particularly relevant due to its clinical significance, virulence and adaptability. In the search for novel antimicrobial agents, natural products emerged as important sources of bioactive molecules. Previous studies have identified Hypericum brasiliense as a plant with promising antibacterial properties. Experimental approach:We evaluated the susceptibility, mechanisms of action and toxicity of H. brasiliense hexane extract (heHb) and the isolated compounds uliginosin B (uliB), isouliginosin B and japonicin A against reference and drug-resistant S. aureus isolates. Key results:The heHb and uliB demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, exhibiting MICs of 3.125 to 6.25 μg mL-1 and MBCs of 6.25 to 12.5 μg mL-1. Isouliginosin B displayed moderate activity (MIC = 12.5 μg mL-1; MBC ≤50 μg mL-1), whereas japonicin A was inactive. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed pronounced ultrastructural alterations in bacterial cells following exposure to either heHb or uliB, and these exposures induced oxidative stress without compromising plasma membrane integrity. Conversely, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine partially restored bacterial growth. Docking analysis suggested that uliB might act as a competitive substrate for the NADH-2 enzyme and cytochrome bd oxidase. Moreover, heHb and uliB inhibited biofilm formation and disrupted mature biofilms. Cytotoxicity assays (Vero and HaCaT lineages) showed CC₅₀ >90 μg mL-1, and haemolysis occurred only at the highest concentrations. In vivo assessment using Galleria mellonella confirmed low toxicity. ADMET predictions indicated a favourable pharmacokinetic profile for uliB. Conclusion:UliB is likely a key bioactive compound of H. brasiliense, with promising therapeutic potential against S. aureus.

P2X receptors are purinergic receptors activated in the presence of extracellular ATP. These receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, and are also associated with pain. These ionotropic receptors are activated when ATP is released during the inflammatory process. This can occur because, during the inflammatory process, phospholipase A2 is activated, releasing arachidonic acid, which is converted by COX-1 and COX-2 into prostaglandins or thromboxanes. In this context, prostaglandins sensitize cells, leading them to release ATP, which binds to P2X receptors, thereby activating their ion channels. These channels can act in various ways: P2X4 is involved in neuropathic pain, whereas P2X7 receptors can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which, in turn, induces IL-1β release and activates the COX pathway, generating an inflammatory cycle. In addition to prostaglandins, other bioactive lipids are also associated with increased expression of P2X receptors, such as leukotrienes and thromboxanes, which can increase Ca2+ influx, facilitating the release of extracellular ATP. Bioactive lipids, such as resolvins, lipoxins, maresins, and protectins, which have anti-inflammatory effects and promote homeostasis, can attenuate inflammation. They act indirectly on P2X receptors by controlling the inflammatory process, thereby decreasing ATP release and lowering P2X receptor expression. There are also lipids that structurally assist in P2X receptor activity, such as cholesterol and ceramides. Ceramides also play a role in the cell signaling process, inducing apoptosis. This review clarifies mechanisms of interaction between purinergic receptors P2X family and bioactive lipids, therefore modulating the inflammatory response.

Dengue remains a major health problem among the arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). From December 2023 until November 2024, 14 million dengue cases were reported in 80 countries. The use of synthetic insecticides is the classical method to interrupt the transmission of arboviruses. However, the widespread use induced Ae. aegypti to develop biological resistance mechanisms. In addition, they are often toxic to the environment and humans. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the insecticidal properties of the Myrciaria floribunda essential oil as an eco-friendly nanoemulsion in third-instar larvae. The main constituents of the essential oil were 1,8-cineole (13.03 %), (E)-nerolidol (13.48 %), and β-selinene (12.13 %). The nanoemulsion showed a proper appearance with a bluish reflection. Its droplet size diameter was 88.34 ± 0.946 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.276 ± 0.014, and the zeta potential was −34.70 ± 1.311 mV. Furthermore, the nanoemulsion also showed stability after 15 days of preparation and when exposed to increasing temperatures. Concerning the larvicidal effect, the nanoemulsion exhibited LC50 values of 233.65 (199.9–272.5) µg/mL after 48 h of exposure. Molecular docking studies suggest that the sesquiterpenes (E)-nerolidol, β-selinene, and α-selinene may be associated with insecticidal activity due to their interactions with the enzyme AaAChE1. Therefore, this study described the Myrciaria floribunda essential oil nanoemulsion, obtained from green methods, as a practical vector control for Aedes aegypti larvae.

P2X receptors are a family of ATP-gated ion channels widely distributed in various tissues, especially in neuronal cells and hematopoietic cells. ATP activates P2X receptors, causing the opening of an ionic channel with preferential permeability to the passage of mono- and divalent cations. High concentrations of ATP stimulate the P2X7 subtype through prolonged activation, which opens pores and causes inflammation, proalgesic effects, and cell death. Peptides, including antimicrobials (antimicrobial peptides), are present in several organisms, such as amphibians, mammals, fish, arachnids, and plants, where they act as the first line of defense. Thus, these peptides have the capacity to eliminate a wide spectrum of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and some viruses. In general, the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides involves interactions with the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, which can lead to an increase in the internal liquid content of liposomes. However, many peptides can act on ion channels, such as those of the P2X family, especially the P2X7 receptor. We investigated the action of peptides that directly modulate P2X7 receptors, such as beta-amyloid, LL-37/hCap18, Pep19-2.5, rCRAMP, ADESG, and polymyxin B. Additionally, we evaluated peptides that modulate the activity of P2X family receptor subtypes. In this review, we intend to describe the relationships between peptides with distinct characteristics and how they modulate the functionality of P2X receptors.

A Restinga brasileira enfrenta ameaças antrópicas constantes e possui estresses ambientais que influenciam o metabolismo secundário das plantas. Espécies pouco estudadas de ecossistemas únicos como a Restinga podem apresentar potencial farmacológico e biotecnológico, como a Neomitranthes obscura (DC.) N. Silveira (Myrtaceae), uma espécie endêmica da Mata Atlântica encontrada na Restinga. O presente estudo focou em coletar folhas, caules e frutos verdes de N. obscura no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, Rio de Janeiro, e extrair seus óleos essenciais através de hidrodestilação. A composição química das diversas partes estudadas foi analisada por CG-EM e confirmada utilizando bases espectrais. O óleo essencial obtido das diferentes partes de N. obscura obteve um rendimento de 0,06, 0,09 e 0,92% e revelou 20, 27 e 27 constituintes químicos para frutos imaturos, caules e folhas, respectivamente. Os componentes majoritários dos frutos imaturos foram sativeno (15,15%), β-selineno (46,14%) e selina-3,7(11)-diene (9,48), enquanto os de folhas e caules foram zonareno (19,75 - 21,41%), selina-3,7(11)-dieno (12,67 - 15,12%) e β-selinene (11,77 - 10,87%). A maioria desses compostos compartilham um núcleo estrutural do tipo selinano, indicando a predominância desse esqueleto terpênico na composição do óleo essencial da espécie. Isso reflete características quimiotaxonômicas da família Myrtaceae e aponta para potenciais papéis ecológicos e farmacológicos, posicionando essa espécie como uma fonte promissora de moléculas bioativas com possíveis aplicações biotecnológicas e farmacêuticas. Este estudo representa ainda a primeira descrição da composição química dos óleos essenciais extraídos dos frutos imaturos e dos caules de N. obscura, contribuindo para o conhecimento químico e quimiotaxonômico da espécie.

Ulomoides dermestoides is a cosmopolitan pest of various types of stored grain, causing significant economic and food losses. Plants are important sources of bioactive substances and, as such, are targets for the development of new pesticides. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal effect of Xylopia ochrantha Mart. essential oil against Ulomoides dermestoides. Dried aerial parts of Xylopia ochrantha were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain the essential oil. Chemical characterization was carried out using gas chromatography and revealed bicyclogermacrene (38.5%), germacrene D (31.6%), and δ-elemene (9.8%) as the major components. The LC50 was 190.1 (105.6–300.5) µL/mL after 20 days of observation, showing its potential use as a bioinsecticide. This is the first report of X. ochrantha essential oil against U. dermestoides larvae. This study values biodiversity, with a focus on conserving native species, pointing to a future of sustainability.

Background: Brazil has had one of the highest numbers of cases and deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 influenza-like symptoms and the use of a homeopathic medicine Bryonia alba 30cH, China officinalis 30cH and Metallum album 30cH during the pandemic in Brazil. Methodology: An observational, longitudinal, cohort study was conducted in Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, from May to June 2020. Participants were divided into two groups with or without COVID-19 influenza-like symptoms, who received the homeopathic medicine. The primary endpoint was the number of COVID-19 influenza-like symptoms. Secondary measures were the number of hospital admissions, adverse events, and improvements in general health symptoms reported by the participants. Results: Data from 51 families (128 participants) were analysed and showed no statistically significant difference in the severity of illness in the previously sick and healthy groups (p < 0.05). Although, secondary outcome showed that a high percentage of participants (98.03%) reported having had general health symptoms' improvements (84.31%) and none reported adverse events. Despite the previous comorbidities in 52.9% of the families and considering that COVID-19 infected 1.96%, only 0.098% sought for medical assistance and none needed hospitalisation. Conclusions: no differences were found between the previous sick and healthy groups after homeopathy intervention. However, data showed that homeopathic medicine was safe and promoted improvements in general health symptoms. Results reinforce the need for further randomised controlled trials, in the knowledge that homeopathy may offer a health promotion during epidemics.

Background/objectives: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that represents a serious public health problem. An alternative for the control of snails, intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis, is the use of molluskicides. Niclosamide, recommended by the WHO, has limitations, such as environmental toxicity, which has driven the search for safer and biodegradable alternatives, especially of plant origin. In this context, this study investigated the biological activity of Cymbopogon winterianus essential oil on embryos, juveniles, and adults of Biomphalaria glabrata and cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. Methods: Essential oils (EOs) were extracted from fresh leaves via the Clevenger system and characterized via gas chromatography (GC/MS and GC/FID), revealing geraniol (25.0%), citronellal (29.2%), citronellol (10.5%) and elemol (9.6%) as the main components. Results: The results revealed lethal concentrations 90 (LC90) for young and adult snails of 60.72 mg/L, 74.21 mg/L and 115.35 mg/L, respectively. In the histological analysis, no changes were observed in the tissues of the mollusks exposed to the lethal concentration 25 (LC25). However, the lethal concentrations 50 (LC50) and 75 (LC75) caused crystalline concretions in proximity to the renal saccular portion. At a concentration of 60 mg/L, the oil resulted in 100% lethality in embryos and cercaricidal activity greater than 90% in 3 h. Acute toxicity tests in mice via the intraperitoneal or oral route did not reveal toxic effects, with hematological and biochemical parameters within the reference values. Furthermore, the oil did not inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), indicating low toxicity to fish, and caused a slight reduction in human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE) activity without affecting human AChE, which suggests low toxicity to mammalian tissues. In terms of environmental impact, the oil was not toxic to algae until the 75th day, with mortality observed thereafter. Conclusions: These results indicate that essential oils have great potential as biodegradable and safe alternatives for controlling mollusks and interrupting the schistosomiasis cycle.

Humans can estimate each other's pain and provide adapted care to reduce it. Empathetic skills are crucial for caregivers involved in pain management; consequently, educational programs and theories have emphasized the positive role of empathy in reducing pain intensity. It is also widely assumed that if caregivers lack empathy, they will underestimate pain intensity in their patients, and this unempathetic attitude can negatively influence pain intensity perception. Empathy for pain is thought to activate the affective‒motivational components of the pain matrix, which includes the anterior insula, middle and anterior cingulate cortices and amygdala, as indicated by functional magnetic resonance imaging and other methodologies. Activity in this core neural network reflects the affective experience that activates our responses to pain and lays the neural foundation for our understanding of our own emotions and those of others. Additionally, a variety of factors can regulate the intensity of empathy for pain, such as oxytocin and vasopressin receptors. Therefore, we selectively review the molecular mechanisms by which membrane receptors modulate this pain modality.

Nano-emulsions of essential oils (EO) and their chemical constituents are promising raw materials for the ecological control of Tribolium castaneum. Curcuma longa L. is a plant known for the properties of its rhizome, which is used in food, health, and hygiene products. Although its leaves are considered by-products with no commercial value, they produce an essential oil rich in bioactive monoterpenoids. This study aims to evaluate the repellency of nano-emulsions containing the EO from leaves of C. longa or its three main chemical constituents against T. castaneum. The representative mixture of EO extracted in four different months showed p-cymene (26.0%), 1,8-cineole (15.1%), and terpinolene (15.5%) as major compounds. Nano-emulsions of EO (HLB 16.7), terpinolene (HLB 15.0), 1,8-cineole (HLB15.0), and p-cymene (HLB 15.0) were repellent at concentrations of 11 μg/cm2 (EO, terpinolene, and p-cymene) and 1.1 μg/cm2 (1,8-cineole). The EO nano-emulsion droplet size increased linearly over time, remaining below 300 nm for 35 days. The EO nano-emulsion proved to be a green alternative to synthetic pesticides, as it was safe against the bioindicator Chlorella vulgaris. Furthermore, its main constituents were able to inhibit in silico the enzyme telomerase of T. castaneum, which is an enzyme essential for life. This study provides ideas for the utilization of EO from leaves of C. longa as raw material for new environmentally friendly plant-derived nanobiopesticides.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance and fungal contamination remain major threats to public health and agriculture, emphasizing the need for innovative alternatives. Plant-derived products are a promising alternative, and nanoformulations may further enhance their activity. Objective: This study investigated the antimicrobial potential of Ocotea indecora essential oil and its nanoemulsion. Methods/Results: The essential oil chemical characterization by GC-MS revealed sesquirosefuran (91.61%) as the main constituent. A factorial design guided the selection of an optimized nanoemulsion, which exhibited spherical nanometric droplets (79 nm and 0.029 PdI) with long-term stability. The essential oil inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains at 1 to 2 mg/mL, while the nanoemulsion enhanced bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, antifungal assays revealed a more pronounced effect, with the nanoemulsion lowering the minimum inhibitory concentrations (625 µg/mL) against Thielaviopsis ethacetica, thereby enhancing the inhibitory activity of the essential oil (2.5 mg/mL). Morphological alterations, including thinner hyphae and impaired sporulation, were also detected, suggesting a reduction in fungal virulence. Conclusions: In summary, O. indecora essential oil shows promising antimicrobial potential, and nanoemulsification proved particularly effective in potentiating fungistatic activity while offering limited enhancement of bactericidal effects. The results support the potential of O. indecora derivatives as natural candidates for the development of novel antimicrobial strategies.