The green development of agricultural economy is a critical in promoting and coordinating ecological protection and economic development in the Qinba Mountain Area. To satisfy the research demand for green and circular development in this area, this study thoroughly analyzed the current situation of the agricultural economy, and summarizes the guiding ideology and strategical targets for the green development of the agricultural economy. Meanwhile, some innovative paths were elaborated from the aspects of agricultural development policy, large-scale land management, directional flow of talents and capital, technological upgrading for rural industries, promotion of labor quality, industry integration, and establishment of the World-Famous Mountain brand. Specifically, some guarantee measures were proposed, including promoting the common understanding and academic studies on regional development, implementing large-scale, branded, and specialized agricultural operation by demonstration, setting up a financial mechanism suitable for rural industries, transforming the functions of local governments, optimizing the role of rural-level organizations, and balancing the space for urban and rural development. Moreover, a specialized economic zone for green economy development should be established in the Qinba Mountain Area, and the ecological system should be innovated to guide the sustainable development of the society, economy, and ecology in this region.