The challenge of ensuring reliability for high-efficiency technology, multiple-input-multiple-output orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM), in wireless frequency-selective fading environments persists. In this article, the concept of spreading a symbol's energy is proposed as a viable solution to enhance transmission reliability for MIMO-OFDM systems. And an energy-spreading-transform (EST)-based MIMO-OFDM transceiver is developed. Following the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) performed by the conventional MIMO-OFDM transmitter, an orthogonal transformation called the EST is introduced. This transform spreads the energy of a symbol across the entire frequency domain and all time slots. The EST is coupled with the improved iterative detection algorithm named EST-partial decision (PD)-iterative-interference-cancellation (EST-PD-IIC) to maximize and leverage the potential diversity gain. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme approaches the performance bound when signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is about 21dB for 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM). Complexity analysis illustrates that the computational complexity of the evolved EST-PD-IIC algorithm is lower than that of the famous vertically Bell laboratory layered space-time detector (V-BLAST) when the antenna array size is greater than 3x3$3\times 3$. In summary, the proposed scheme is practical for providing high-quality communication in multi-path fading environments and can even enable a reliable communication without channel encoding when Eb/N0 exceeds a threshold in 5G-Advanced. The EST spreads the energy of a symbol across the entire frequency domain and all time slots, providing an opportunity to utilize the potential diversity gain. Combined with the layer-based iterative detection algorithm, the proposed structure maximizes the potential diversity gain, significantly improving detection reliability and robustness while maintaining low complexity. image

Nowadays, the Internet of Things technology is very mature and widely used in fire control. Aiming at the nee ds of modern building intelligence, an intelligent building fire control system based on Internet of Things technology was designed. The system consists of two parts: the upper computer and the lower computer. It combines various external sensors to realize the fire linkage function. The MCGS configuration touch screen for PLC is applied to the fire control system, it is used as the host, and the STM32F103RBT6 microcontroller is used as the slave to realize the master-slave control function. The ASP.NET MVC framework is used to design the host computer cloud platform to remotely monitor and control the real-time status of the lower computer, and visualize the fire status of the entire building.

A novel equalization and precoding joint optimization algorithm is proposed in dual hop multiple input multiple output (MIMO) relay communication systems. This solution combines the equalization for the first phase and precoding for the second phase in relay system, therefore the joint optimization can be equaled with the unique optimization for the product matrix of detection and precoding, which avoid the non convergence problems in iterating process, compared with iterative optimization, the complexity burden of this algorithm is greatly reduced. And from simulation results the performance is only a little degraded. Therefore, when complexity and performance are considered, this algorithm reached a better compromise.

The paper studied the outage performance for MIMO Multi-Relay ISDF (MR-ISDF) (Incremental and Selective Decode-and-Forward) cooperative communication systems. Firstly, the end-to-end mutual information, outage and OPA (optimal power allocation) for MR-ISDF was derived under the technology of MRC and beam-forming. Then the optimal single ISDF (OS-ISDF) which acted as routing protocol was introduced. Thirdly, we analyzed the close form end-to-end mutual information and outage for OS-ISDF systems and proved that outage for OS-ISDF is the low bound for MR-ISDF. At the end, simulation verified the theory analyses. In addition, outage for OPA scheme outperforms that for EPA (equal power allocation). At 10 -6 , outage for OPA scheme has 2dB gain than that for EPA.

This paper studied the performance gain of Amplify-and-Forward (AF) cooperation technology in asymmetry Cognitive Radio (CR) interference communication systems. The main contributions are the derivation of the closed-form math expressions of outage and the throughput for Licensed and Cognitive Users in cognitive cooperative communication systems under flat Rayleigh fading channel. Under the condition of ” transparent” from Cognitive User (CU) to Licensed User (LU) and random LU package arrivals, the paper analyzed the power allocation algorithm and the throughput for the CU and derived the Adaptive Power Allocation (APA) algorithm for cognitive cooperative communication systems. Simulation verified the theory analyses and the numerical results show that the cooperation technology improves the overall system performance for both Licensed and Cognitive Users.

The outage probability performance is analyzed for the optimization of incremental selection decode-amplify-forward (ISDF) multi-node MIMO cooperative communication systems. Firstly, the system model for the proposed multi-node MIMO cooperative protocol. Then, the incremental selection decode-amplify-forward and optimal relay selection strategy (routing) based on the opportunistic relaying scheme is proposed. The mutual information and outage probability between source and destination nodes for the proposed scheme are formulated with the relays have the capability of maximum ratio combining (MRC) receiving and beam-forming transmitting capabilities. Finally, adaptive strategy is proposed for adaptive optimal power allocation (APA). Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed APA outperforms traditional equal power allocation (EPA) in outage performance.

This paper studied the performance gain of multi-antenna technology in asymmetry Cognitive Radio (CR) interference communication systems. The main contributions include: 1. the derivation of the closed-form expressions of outage and throughput performance for Licensed User (LU) and Cognitive User (CU) in both ideal (detection is always correct) and real (detection error occurs) cognitive MIMO flat Rayleigh fading channels; 2. analyzing of the state-of-art power allocation algorithms and the throughputs; 3. designing of the Optimal Power Allocation (OPA) algorithm for CR MIMO systems while guaranteed the stability of the LU. Numerical results verified the theory analyses and the results show that the multi-antenna gain improves the overall system performance. Moreover, the OPA algorithm maximizes both of the LU and CU's maximum average throughputs while guarantees stability of the whole systems.

Threshold segmentation is the fastest method of defect detection in the modern defect inspection system based on computer vision. But in the real paper defect detection system, the segmentation thresholds usually change with the paper image luminance which is influenced by many factors. In order to resolve this problem, an adaptive threshold segmentation method based on BP neural network is proposed in this paper. For this method, BP neural network models are created and trained to obtain the segmentation thresholds according to the image luminance and the defects are segmented with these thresholds obtained by the network. This method is especially suitable for detecting three typical types of paper defects: dark spot, light spot and hole. The experiment results indicate that this method is efficient and can be applied to modern paper defect inspection system.

This paper gives a novel spatial and temporal Tomlinson Harashima Precoding (THP) algorithm based on concatenated processing for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) frequency selective fading channels. Generally spatial and temporal THP is jointly processed together, using joint optimization THP, and the complexity is very large. In this paper, we propose a novel spatial and temporal concatenated THP algorithm, firstly Spatial THP (S-THP) is performed to cancel spatial interference owing to different antenna or multi-user; then Temporal THP (T-THP) to each sub-channel of MIMO channel model is performed, through this step, MIMO Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) channel model is changed into flat fading MIMO channel. Using this solution, we can change the complex spatial and temporal THP into space and time domain concatenated THP, and in each space, the algorithm is relative simple. From algorithm analysis and performance comparison, we can see the validation and advantage of this method suggested in this paper.

In this paper, the analysis model which suites to Cognitive Radio (CR) communication together with amplify-and-forward cooperative communication systems where cognitive users can act as cooperative diversity relays to the licensed users based on average Channel State Information (CSI) is presented. Firstly, the model of the cooperative and cognitive radio system is given. Then, the transmitting protocols both in physical and Media Access Control (MAC) are described in brief. Thirdly, the expressions of the outage performance are derived both for licensed user and cognitive user in ideal cognitive radio environment for simplification where there are no detection errors and interference between licensed user and cognitive user under Reighlay fading channel environment. Further study which suits for real environment can be discussed in the future. In the end, computer simulation is carried out to prove the above theory analyses.

In this paper, the Symbol Error Rate (SER) performance formulation which suited to multi-node amplify-and-forward cooperative communication M-PSK constellation systems with the mean channel gains is derived. Firstly, the closed-form theory symbol error rate formulation with M-PSK modulation is derived. Then, a Low Bound (LB) is established to show the asymptotic performance of the cooperation protocol which tightens the theory SER under the both low and high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions. Thirdly, the optimal power allocation algorithm for multi-node cooperative communication systems which minimizes the SER performance based on the Low Bound (LB) is formulated. SER comparison between the proposed approximate optimal power allocation method and the traditional Equal Power Allocation (EPA) method, the SER performance for the approximate optimal power allocation is better than the EPA's, especially under the channel conditions which the relay nodes are near the middle locations between the source and destination node or near the destination node.