Livestock farming is a significant source of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As a major livestock province in China, Henan’s low-carbon livestock development plays an important role in achieving the national “dual carbon” goals. This study quantified GHG emissions from the livestock farming sector across 18 prefecture-level cities in Henan Province during 2000–2022 using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Global and local Moran’s I were employed to examine spatial autocorrelation and identify significant clusters and spatial outliers. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of driving factors was further analyzed using a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model. The results indicated that (1) total emissions declined from 4414.18 × 104 t carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) in 2000 to 3724.12 × 104 t CO2-eq in 2022, with livestock enteric fermentation (EEF), manure management (EMM), and feed crop cultivation (EFC) as the primary emission sources; (2) emissions exhibited significant positive spatial autocorrelation, forming a persistent south-north gradient pattern, with high-emission clusters concentrated in Southern Henan; (3) the GTWR results indicate that livestock farming industrial structure had a significant positive effect on emissions, whereas livestock labor mobility rate, economic development level, and urbanization process generally exerted inhibitory effects, with evident spatial heterogeneity in coefficient magnitudes. These findings suggest that differentiated livestock development strategies tailored to regional characteristics and driving mechanisms may help promote low-carbon transformation and enhance coordinated regional mitigation efforts.

A scientific and rational optimization optimizing the layout of air quality monitoring networks (AQMN) is of great significance for accurately understanding the spatial distribution of pollution and enhancing the effectiveness of environmental governance. To improve the scientific basis and operational efficiency of regional AQMN, this study proposes a multi-objective hybrid optimization method (GA-ACO) integrating genetic algorithm (GA) and ant colony optimization (ACO) for optimizing the spatial layout of monitoring stations. The framework is designed to achieve three primary objectives: minimizing Kriging variance, reducing optimization cost, and decreasing the monitoring area coverage redundancy rate. The model was subsequently deployed and its efficacy was demonstrated through a case study involving PM2.5 monitoring stations in Henan Province, the third most populous region in China. The results show that the algorithm successfully generated a Pareto optimal solution set, with clear trade-off relationships among the objectives. Based on the proposed GA-ACO model and a simplified TOPSIS-based ideal-point evaluation of the Pareto candidate solutions, an optimal adjustment scheme was derived. This scheme recommends adding 3 new stations, decommissioning 1 existing station, and relocating 2 stations. With a total cost of 3.3 million CNY, the plan reduces the Kriging variance by 14.9% and lowers the coverage redundancy rate to 6.78%, achieving a good balance among monitoring precision, economic efficiency, and resource utilization. This study provides a quantifiable and generalizable decision-making framework for optimizing regional AQMN, offering reference value for future monitoring station layout optimization.

【Objective】Water pollution incidents pose a serious threat to public drinking water. Assessing watershed water environment risk is necessary to prevent and reduce impact of such incidents. Taking Yiluo River Basin in Luoyang City of Henan Province as an example, this paper proposes a method to assess its environmental risks.【Method】The analysis was based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We constructed an environmental risk assessment framework that encompasses three key factors: ① intensity of environmental risk sources, ② vulnerability of environmental receptors, and ③ capacity for environmental risk prevention, control, and emergency response. From this framework, a water environmental risk assessment was conducted for fixed-source pollution emergencies in the study region.【Result】The highest-risk areas in the basin are in proximity to the river. With the exception of certain counties in the eastern part of the basin, high-risk sectors are chemicals, petroleum, and hazardous material industries. Overall, the basin is in a medium-to-high environmental risk level. Specifically, most counties and districts in the basin are at high risk, except for parts of Luoning County in the west and Xin’an, Mengjin, and Chanhe Huiyuan District in the north, which show comparatively low risk levels.【Conclusion】The dominant environmental risk factors in the basin include the efficiency of emergency command mechanisms, availability of emergency facilities and materials, and proximity to the nearest river. Our findings provide a scientific basis for emergency preparedness and risk management of pollution incidents in the Yiluo River Basin.

Cerium-based metal-organic frameworks (Ce-MOFs) demonstrate excellent fluoride adsorption capabilities, primarily due to inner-sphere complexation interaction, especially in neutral and weakly alkaline groundwater. However, the potential agglomeration of Ce-MOF particles significantly limits defluoridation efficiency in practical applications. In this work, we present a simple method for synthesizing Ce-MOF with improved dispersibility by using tannic acid (TA) to mediate the formation of TA-Ce-ABDC between Ce ions and 2-aminoterephthalic acid (ABDC). The newly prepared TA-Ce-ABDC had a higher Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and better stability than original Ce-ABDC. The batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that TA-CeABDC exhibits optimal fluoride adsorption within a broad pH range of 3.0 to 9.0. Notably, TA-Ce-ABDC achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 206.04 mg center dot g-1 at pH 7.0 and 194.32 mg center dot g- 1 at pH 9.0. These values significantly surpass those of other synthesized Ce-MOFs and previously reported materials, thereby confirming the superior performance of TA-Ce-ABDC in fluoride adsorption. The equilibrium time of TA-Ce-ABDC was 70 min, which is less than half that of Ce-ABDC. Under conditions with high concentrations of competitive anions, TA-Ce-ABDC exhibited significantly better adsorption selectivity compared to other common adsorbents. The analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectrogram (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra suggested that the defluoridation mechanism of TA-Ce-ABDC involved electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and inner-sphere complexation. In fixed-bed adsorption experiments, impressive working capacities of 462 and 354 bed volumes were observed for TA-Ce-ABDC at pH 7.0 and 9.0, respectively, which were 3.08 and 3.69 times that of commercial activated alumina. TA-Ce-ABDC demonstrated significant potential for reusability and practical application. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the use of Ce-MOFs for effective groundwater defluoridation.

The investigation and identification of rural black-odorous water have not been comprehensively performed as yet, while the primary contamination factors and sources remain unclear. To resolve these issues, a black-odorous water quality index (BOWQI) comprised of four parameters (total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), dissolved oxygen (DO), and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP)) has been proposed. Based on the BOWQI model, the determination and classification of rural black-odorous water pollution sources in Henan Province were conducted, and strategies for their treatment were suggested. The proportion of moderately black-odorous water in the rural areas of Henan Province was the highest (50.00 %). Slightly and moderately black-odorous water was mainly derived from domestic sewage and agricultural planting, whereas severely and extremely black-odorous water was primarily originated from livestock farming. It was suggested to carry out the treatment of black-odorous water in rural areas by zoning (the source of pollution), classification (the type of water), and grading (the degree of pollution). The results of this research provide data and method references for the effective treatment of rural black-odorous water.

As the world's population continues to grow, carbon emissions from the nitrogen fertiliser industry have become a pressing issue. This study focuses on two key aspects of nitrogen fertiliser production and application. It not only reviews the current situation of greenhouse gas emissions from China's nitrogen fertiliser industry, and identifies the problems in its low-carbon development, but also explores solutions to achieve carbon reduction from both technological and policy perspectives. Using China as an example, the study aims to provide experience for carbon reduction in the nitrogen fertiliser industry in other countries around the world.

An in situ integrated system, consisting of ecological floating islands (EFI), ecological riverbeds (ER), and ecological filter dams (EFD), was built in a ditch only receiving the effluent of sewage plant; the effect of in situ technologies on the distribution of aquatic pathogen was investigated. The results showed the aquatic pathogen decreased along the ditch. Specifically, the relative abundance of Legionella, Aeromonas, and Acinetobacter decreased from 0.032, 0.035, and 0.26 to 0.026

Tailings ponds are the final storage site for tailings associated with mine extraction and hydrometallurgical processing, and are a major source of environmental risk. This study establishes a comprehensive evaluation method of environmental risk in the tailings ponds region and proposes the identification method of key risk factors. According to the indicator scores and indicator weights, the comprehensive environmental risk index for tailings reservoirs can be calculated, and, based on this index, the level of risk can be categorized into four classes(low, medium, high, super high). The highest of the first three indicators is recognized as the key risk factor. Subsequently, the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province was evaluated. The risk level of the tailings ponds in the Yellow River Basin gradually increases from north to south. This is because a higher total number of tailings impoundments in the south, and excessive proximity to rivers, and so on. The northern medium-low risk area centered on the Jiyuan and the southern medium-high risk area centered on Luanchuan have been observed. These results provide critical decision support the comprehensive prevention and control of tailing pond risks.

Reclaimed water recharge into rivers is an important supplementary approach to address water resource shortage in arid and semi-arid areas worldwide. However, the ecology impacts of reclaimed water recharge on the rivers are still unknown, especially for the microbial assemble and species coexistence in different seasons. Here, the evolution of microbiome and its response to different reasons in the Jialu River, which was subjected to long-term reclaimed water recharge, is investigated by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multivariate statistical methods. The results indicated that microbial communities exhibited significant temporal heterogeneity across different periods and were negatively correlated with river discharge. Their assembly was primarily influenced by stochastic processes such as dispersal limitation and drift. As the transition occurred from the dry season to the normal season, the role of drift diminished, while the deterministic effects of dispersal limitation and niche selection intensified. The relationships among planktonic bacterial species were primarily positive (cooperative), and the complexity and positive correlations within the ecological network showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the change of seasons. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia nitrogen were the main driving forces influencing the structure of microbial communities. In summary, these findings provided insights into the impact of seasonal variations on the microbial community patterns in reclaimed water-supplemented river ecosystems.

The three-chamber septic tank has become essential in the middle rural areas of China, although its drainage serves as a potential source of groundwater contamination. A photosynthetic electrochemical system using Chlorella vulgaris was developed to treat synthetic sewage, and the impact of environmental factors on treatment performance was investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N and PO43--P reached maximum value under 1.00 times/day-1 hydraulic circulation, 0.3g L-1 initial algae dosage and 4,350 Lux light intensity. When the optimal condition were applied to treat the effluent of three-chamber septic tank, the removal efficiencies of COD, NH4+-N, and PO43--P were 61.95%, 88.32%, and 95.36%, respectively. This study provided an optional treatment technology of rural sewage, and future research should focus on the algae separation and recovery in practical applications.

Aiming to address the shortcomings of existing semi-active control algorithms with poor robustness and the limited generalization ability of current evaluation methods based on deterministic analysis, a novel approach based on probability density evolution is proposed. This method is designed to assess the seismic reliability, enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of the control effectiveness of aqueduct structures. Building upon this, an intelligent semi-active control algorithm leveraging machine learning is introduced. The algorithm is further validated through engineering case studies to investigate semi-active control strategies in response to random seismic events. The results show that the seismic reliability of the machine learning-based semi-active control algorithm is significantly higher than that of the uncontrolled state for the same failure threshold under random seismic effects.

The use of reclaimed water for urban river replenishment has raised concerns regarding its impact on water quality and aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to reveal the improvements seen in an urban river undergoing a practical water eco-remediation after being replenished with reclaimed water. A one-year monitoring of water quality, phytoplankton, and zooplankton was carried out in Dongsha River undergoing eco-remediation in Beijing, China. The results showed that compared to the unrestored river, the concentrations of COD, NH4+-N, TP, and TN decreased by 28.22 +/- 7.88 %, 40.24 +/- 11.77 %, 44.17 +/- 17.29 %, and 28.66 +/- 10.39 % in the restoration project area, respectively. The concentration of Chlorophyll-a in the restoration area was maintained below 40 mu g/L. During summer, when algal growth is vigorous, the density of Cyanophyta in the unrestored river decreased from 46.84 x 104cells/L to 16.32 x 104cells/L in the restored area, while that of Chlorophyta decreased from 41.61 x 104cells/L to 11.87 x 104cells/L, a reduction of 65.16 % and 71.47 %, respectively. The dominant phytoplankton species were replaced with Bacillariophyta, such as Synedra sp. and Nitzschia sp.,indicating that the restoration of aquatic plants reduces the risk of Cyanophyta blooms. Zooplankton species also changed in the restoration area, especially during summer. The density of pollution -tolerant Rotifer and Protozoa decreased by 31.06 % and 27.22 %, while the density of clean water indicating Cladocera increased by 101.19 %. We further calculated the diversity and evenness index of phytoplankton and zooplankton within and outside the restoration area. The results showed that the Shannon -Weaver index for phytoplankton and zooplankton in the restoration area was 2.1 and 1.91, which was higher than those in the river (1.84 and 1.82). This further confirmed that aquatic plant restoration has positive effects. This study can provide a practical reference and theoretical basis for the implementation of water ecological restoration projects in other reclaimed water rivers in China.

Neonicotinoids (NEOs) and fipronil (FIP) are ubiquitous in aquatic environment, yet the transformation and water-sediment exchange are largely unknown for these systemic insecticides and their transformation products (TPs). Herein, occurrence, field-based partitioning coefficients, and fugacity fractions (ff) of NEOs, FIP, and their TPs were analyzed in the drainage and receiving rivers near a rice paddy field. NEOs and FIPs were frequently detected in the sediments with concentrations of TPs being often higher than the parent compounds. Average ff values of NEOs (0.944-1.00) were larger than those of FIPs (0.399-0.716), indicating NEOs had a greater tendency to diffuse from sediment into water. Similar as well-studied hydrophobic compounds, hydrophobicity was the main factor impacting the water-sediment exchange of moderately hydrophobic FIPs. Alternatively, electrostatic interactions governed the fate of hydrophilic NEOs in water-sediment system. The log Kd values of NEOs were positively correlated with their N/C ratios (p < 0.05), possibly because the negatively charged sediments (zeta potential were from-19.1 & PLUSMN; 0.6 to-5.84 & PLUSMN; 0.57 mV) generated electrostatic attraction with amino functional group. Our study highlighted the ubiquitousness of TPs and distinct water-sediment interaction for moderately hydrophobic and hydrophilic insecticides in an agriculture-dominated watershed.

针对农村黑臭水体监测评价这一热点展开研究,通过对河南省农村地区黑臭水体进行采样分析,建立了适合农村的黑臭水体评价方法.结果表明,感官+监测因子的评价结果与城市黑臭水体分级标准评价结果的吻合度为:感官+NH3-N(88.8％)＞感官+ORP(83.8％)＞感官+DO(70.0％)＞仅凭感官(65.0％),NH3-N作为最佳评价因子,与黑臭水体的形成关系密切.感官+NH3-N评价法具有经济、快速、高效的特点,适用于农村黑臭水体,对我国广大农村地区黑臭水体的识别及治理具有重要意义.

Irrational use of fipronil for rice pest control often occurred, resulting in high concentrations of fipronil and its transformation products (TPs) (collectively termed fiproles) in aquatic sediment, calling for a better understanding of the migration and transformation of fipronil in surface water as well as efficient methods for source identification. Herein, the fate and transport of fiproles from a paddy field to receiving rivers were assessed in Poyang Lake basin, Jiangxi, China using polar organic chemical integrative samplers with mixed-mode adsorbents (POCIS-MMA). Average concentrations of fiproles in water were 6.16 ± 6.32 ng/L, with median, minimum, and maximum values being 2.99 ± 0.67, 0.40 ± 0.08, and 18.6 ± 3.1 ng/L, respectively. In all samples, over half of fiproles (55.9 %-90.8 %) presented in the form of TPs and fipronil desulfinyl was the dominant TP. Two approaches were applied for source identification, including the change of molar concentration ratios of fipronil to its TPs and the relative attenuation values of fiproles normalized to a reference compound (acetamiprid) that was stable in aquatic environment. While the paddy field upstream was the main source of waterborne fiproles, additional input sources in the downstream region were identified. The present study indicated that the combination of attenuation of molar concentration ratios of micro-pollutants to their respective TPs and relative attenuation values of micro-pollutants' concentrations normalized to a reference compound measured by POCIS is an effective means to study the migration and transformation of micro-pollutants in field.

Using construction residual soil (RS) as the raw material, RS-derived zeolite (RSDZ) was prepared through a fusion-hydrothermal process. The adsorption performance and mechanisms of RSDZ for Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ were investigated in single-component and competitive systems. The strong RSDZ X-ray diffraction peaks at 2θ = 12.47, 17.73, 21.65, 28.18, and 33.44°, together with the results of scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that NaP1 zeolite (Na6Al6SiO32∙12H2O) was successfully synthesised. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, average pore size, and cation exchange capacity increased from 9.03 m2∙g−1, 18.85 nm, and 0.12 meq∙g−1 to 47.77 m2∙g−1, 41.60 nm, and 0.61 meq∙g−1, respectively, after the fusion-hydrothermal process. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of RSDZ for Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ in the unary systems was 0.37, 0.38, and 0.40 mmol·g−1, respectively. Increasing the initial solution pH facilitated the adsorption reaction, and the adsorption performance was stable when pH > 3. The distribution coefficients in the binary and ternary systems indicated that RSDZ had greater affinity for Pb2+ and Zn2+ than for Cu2+ due to the larger ionic radius and relative atomic weight of the former two cations. The relative affinity to Pb2+ and Zn2+ was related to their concentration, with more competitive adsorption of Pb2+ at concentrations higher than 0.4 mmol·L−1 in binary systems and 0.25 mmol·L−1 in ternary systems. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FT-IR analyses indicated that ion exchange was the main mechanism involved in the adsorption of heavy metal ions by RSDZ, accompanied by ligand exchange.

诺氟沙星是一种被广泛用于医药和畜牧业的喹诺酮类抗生素,由于人体、动物对其吸收率较低等原因,它在水环境中存在不同程度的残留,可能会对水生生物产生不良影响.为得到诺氟沙星的水生生物保护浓度,本研究结合其毒性数据,分别采用毒性百分数排序法和物种敏感度分布法进行水生生物基准推导,结果显示2种方法推导得到的基准值处于同一数量级,经对比发现,基于物种敏感度分布法的基准值更能全面表征诺氟沙星对水生态系统的影响,故推荐使用的短期水质基准值和长期水质基准值分别为728 μg·L-1和2.32pg·L-1.此外,为探究诺氟沙星在我国淡水环境中的风险水平,本研究根据推导得到的基准值及急性毒性数据,分别采用商值法和安全阈值法对其在我国典型水体中的生态风险进行评估,结果显示2种方法得到的风险程度存在差异,经对比发现,基于安全阈值法得到的风险评估结果在统计学上更具代表意义,故诺氟沙星在我国水体中无风险.

Due to severe disturbances caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization, river ecosystems have evolved into complex natural-social composite ecosystems. At present, there is no unified evaluation method for the effect of river restoration in China. The existing research fails to fully integrate the "natural-social" characteristics of rivers, and pays less attention to the river section scale, which is not conducive to the development of accurate pollution control work. In this paper, we first put forward the division method of river section type which conforms to the "nature-society" dual attribute characteristics of the river, and divides the river section into "ecological/service/dual" functional "urban/rural" river section. Then a method for evaluating the restoration effect of different river sections based on index weight optimization was proposed. Based on the type of river section, the weights of 17 indexes were optimized, and the common evaluation method of restoration effect-multi-index evaluation method was improved. In addition, the application and verification of the established method were carried out on the main stream of Qingyi River and its typical tributaries. The evaluation results show that only the restoration effect of Baling River decreased from average in 2019 to acceptable in 2021, and ΔH (the change of the mean score of the target factor after repair) decreased from 15.6% to 6.2%. It was found that for the river sections where the repair effect cannot be maintained stably (such as Baling River), the previous methods paid more attention to the overall effect and easily ignored the specific problems. The improved method can identify problems more easily and facilitate timely post-maintenance. To further optimize the repair effect of Qingyi River, it is suggested that the restoration effect should be strengthened from the aspects of pollution source control, water quality improvement, aquatic restoration, continuous monitoring and evaluation. The evaluation results can provide a reference for the design, operation, and maintenance of restoration projects in small and medium-sized rivers.

磺胺甲噁唑是一种被广泛使用的磺胺类抗生素.它在江河湖泊等地表水中广泛存在,且对生物具有一定毒性,被认为是淡水环境中重要的污染物之一.为得到磺胺甲噁唑的水生生物保护浓度,本研究基于搜集筛选的磺胺甲噁唑对中国淡水水生生物的17个物种的急性毒性数据,10个物种的慢性毒性数据,采用物种敏感度分布法推导了磺胺甲噁唑对中国淡水水生生物的水质基准,得出磺胺甲噁唑的短期水质基准值为34.87μg·L-1,长期水质基准值为21.73μg·L-1.此外,为探究磺胺甲噁唑在我国淡水环境中的风险水平,本研究结合推导出的磺胺甲噁唑水质基准以及急性毒性数据,分别使用熵值法和安全阈值法对我国部分流域进行生态风险评估.结果表明两种方法得出的结果并无较大差异,磺胺甲噁唑在我国淡水流域中几乎没有生态风险.