To address the problem of respirable dust control during coal seam mining, this paper proposed a stepwise polymerization strategy - "prior penetration followed by cross-linking" - and developed a double network (DN) gel dust suppressant HPMC-g-HPA/AM. Composed of the dust suppressant base solution (DSP) and the initiator, the dust suppressant can achieve in-situ cross-linking and solidification within coal seams to control dust. Experimental results demonstrated that DSP exhibits low viscosity, high permeability and excellent wettability, and can efficiently penetrate coal seams, while the initiator has even lower viscosity and better permeability, with a penetration rate 2.11 times that of DSP. The significant rheological difference between the two ensures the implementation of the stepwise strategy. After DSP and the initiator successively penetrate fractures and pores of coal seams, they undergo in-situ cross-linking to form a "flexible - rigid" DN gel. This significantly enhances the moisture retention capacity and mechanical properties of coal. The gel improves the dust adsorption and agglomeration capacity through the chemical anchoring effect combined with polar groups of coal, and further inhibits dust dispersion through the physical encapsulation effect, thereby reducing the dust generation rates by 47.16 % (<= 180 mu m) and 55.89 % (<= 75 mu m). The respirable dust proportion decreases from 12.08 % to 7.58 %, achieving effective respirable dust control and ensuring occupational safety.

The inherent "trade-off" effect between salt rejection and water permeability, together with poor chlorine resistance, remains a major challenge for reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. To overcome these limitations, a modified polyamide (PA) membrane was developed using a "chain terminator" strategy, in which cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride (CAC) was introduced as a chain-terminating agent during interfacial polymerization. As a kind of monofunctional acyl chloride, CAC effectively terminates polymer chain growth, resulting in reduced cross-linking density and membrane thickness, and thereby forming a thinner and moderately loosened PA selective layer that facilitates water transport. In addition, structural modifications reduced the water contact angle and surface zeta potential of the membrane. These changes significantly enhanced the water transport pathways and led to a substantial increase in water flux. Compared to conventional trimesoyl chloride (TMC) -based membranes, when c(TMC):c(CAC) = 1:1, the optimized membrane exhibits a 125.50% increase in water flux while maintaining a high NaCl rejection of 99.10%, with only a marginal decrease compared to the pristine membrane. Moreover, adjustment of the co-monomer ratio enables regulation of the membrane separation behavior, suggesting a possible transition from dense RO-type separation toward looser ion-selective separation at higher CAC contents. In addition, CAC incorporation enhanced the chlorine tolerance of the PA layer. The alicyclic segments introduced by CAC reduce the susceptibility of the PA network to electrophilic aromatic chlorination, while the monofunctional acyl chloride structure partially caps residual amine terminals and mitigates chlorine-induced degradation. After 24 h of static chlorination at 1000 ppm (pH = 4), the TFCO-1:1 membrane exhibited only a 2.64% decrease in NaCl rejection, demonstrating improved chlorine tolerance compared with the pristine TFC membrane.

Geological CO2 storage may pose environmental risks if leaked CO2 migrates into near-surface soils. To evaluate early surface-soil responses to low-concentration CO2 exposure, a 42-day aerated soil microcosm experiment was conducted using a control group and two CO2 treatment levels of 2000 and 10,000 ppm. Soil physicochemical properties, dissolved cations, metal fractions, enzyme activities, bacterial community composition, and metagenomic functional profiles were analyzed. Sustained CO2 exposure increased electrical conductivity and HCO3- concentrations, whereas soil pH remained within a narrow weakly alkaline range. Sequential extraction showed limited redistribution of selected metals among operationally defined fractions, but no evidence of extensive metal mobilization was observed. Among microbial indicators, FDA hydrolase activity responded significantly to CO2 exposure, whereas microbial community structure, alpha diversity, and overall KEGG and CAZy functional profiles remained largely stable. Representative carbon- and nitrogen-cycling genes were influenced mainly by incubation time rather than CO2 concentration. Under the tested short-term, low-concentration, aerated microcosm conditions, the soil system exhibited considerable buffering capacity and resistance to CO2 exposure. The observed effects were mainly expressed as minor changes in soil solution chemistry and selected functional indicators rather than pronounced geochemical deterioration or microbial community restructuring. These findings provide experimental evidence and insights into the geochemical buffering capacity and microbial response mechanisms of surface soil systems under potential leakage scenarios of underground CO2 storage. The findings offer scientific references for environmental risk assessment of CO2 geological sequestration and the selection and interpretation of sensitive monitoring indicators.

Geological CO2 sequestration, while pivotal for climate mitigation, carries the inherent risk of leakage into surface ecosystems. To evaluate the potential impacts of CO2 leakage on changes in surface soil geochemical parameters and microbial processes, this study employed laboratory cultivation experiments. A control group and two CO2 treatment groups were established and continuously cultivated for 42 days. Sustained CO2 infusion induced a subtle yet discernible acidification, driving the soil pH into a narrow weakly alkaline range while promoting HCO3- accumulation. Under these conditions, the dynamic changes in various metal ions reflected the combined regulation of multiple transient adsorption and rebalancing processes at the solid-liquid interface. Metals such as Fe, Al, and Zn primarily redistributed among different non-residual forms, with no evidence of significant dissolution-release or reduction-migration processes. Microbial responses indicated that despite adjustments in some enzyme activities and metabolic processes, microbial community structure, diversity, and macro-functional pools (KEGG and CAZy) remained largely stable. Collectively, under the temporal scale and CO2 concentration conditions of this experiment, CO2 leakage primarily induces subtle responses in element migration and microbial metabolism by regulating soil solution chemistry and interfacial reactions. However, these effects are insufficient to cause significant restructuring of soil system structure and function. Our findings provide experimental evidence and insights into the geochemical buffering capacity and microbial response mechanisms of surface soil systems under potential leakage scenarios of underground CO2 storage. The findings offer scientific references for environmental risk assessment of CO2 geological sequestration and the selection and interpretation of long-term monitoring indicators.

Frequent oil spills necessitate advanced materials for complex oily wastewater remediation. Although wettability-engineered materials effectively remediate surface oil, single-wettability designs remain suboptimal in handling complex oil-water systems containing multi-component crude oil and surfactant-stabilized emulsions, primarily due to their functional inflexibility under dynamic and heterogeneous environments. Inversely inspired by the water-harvesting mechanism of the desert beetle, we designed a bioinspired oil-absorbing felt featuring hydrophilic-hydrophobic patterned surfaces that utilize hydrophilic sites on a hydrophobic matrix to selectively capture surfactant-coated oil droplets with hydrophilic shells from complex mixtures. This heterogeneous-wettability surface is constructed through the synergistic assembly of ZnO nanorod arrays and hydrophobic Zr-MOFs, followed by strategic UV irradiation to create spatially controlled wettability patterns. The obtained UV-MZβZ@PP demonstrates accelerated capture kinetics and superior oil retention toward multi-component crude oils, with enhanced adsorption capacity for common oils reaching 11.24–25.82 g/g. Notably, it exhibits remarkable performance in deconstructing surfactant-stabilized emulsions, achieving 66–76% total organic carbon (TOC) removal for oil-in-water types and a separation flux of 741.37 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 with 99.42% efficiency for water-in-oil counterparts. This superiority stems from the patterned architecture, which overcomes diffusion barriers via synergistic capillary pressure gradients, enabling the interlaced hydrophilic-hydrophobic sites to function as selective traps that facilitate synergistic sequestration and accelerated interfacial coalescence of multifaceted droplets. Furthermore, the felt possesses the mechanical robustness, UV resistance, and thermal stability essential for rigorous field deployment. By extending separation capabilities from layered mixtures to complex emulsions, this work provides an efficient and innovative approach to oil spill remediation and industrial wastewater treatment.

Rapid expansion of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is increasing the need for publicly accessible environmental evidence that can support monitoring design, storage assurance, permitting, and post-closure oversight across diverse storage settings. Public records remain dispersed among controlled-release experiments, operating projects, natural analogues, incident datasets, project databases, and regulatory documents, and their combined suitability for cross-setting assessment has not been evaluated at global scale. We assembled 23 evidence modules, 223 events, 464 extracted metrics, and 1,110 project records to assess topical breadth, cross-module support, geographic public-evidence availability, and deployment-weighted monitoring and disclosure demand. The 16 × 99 module-dimension matrix contained 111 positive cells; 95 of 99 dimensions occurred at least once, but 80 were represented by only one module. Related terms were organized into 42 parent concepts, of which 13 depended on a single substantive module. Country-level demand was strongly associated with deployment pressure (Spearman ρ = 0.939), confirming that the index represents scale-dependent monitoring and disclosure workload rather than leakage probability or project safety. Public CCUS environmental evidence is broad in topic but uneven in cross-module support, analytical comparability, geographic availability, and transferability. The greatest gains for monitoring and storage assurance would come from comparable measurements across contrasting settings, longer public time series, and reporting that preserves site context, baseline and recovery information, analytical quality, and data-access conditions.

Marine oil spills remain a global environmental challenge, with floating crude oil posing severe risks to coastal ecosystems. Conventional bioremediation techniques are often unable to address floating oil efficiently, highlighting the urgent need for innovative solutions that combine effective adsorption with biological degradation. In this study, a floating alginate-biochar immobilized bacteria material (AHBM) was prepared by combining modified biochar with sodium alginate to enable both adsorption and biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Microstructural characterization revealed a highly porous structure dominated by mesopores. The optimized AHBM material, utilizing a 1:1 ratio of Fe3O4/biochar immobilized bacteria (BFBC) to hydrophobically modified biochar (HFBC), demonstrated exceptional performance characteristics, including 80% buoyancy retention and 55% crude oil degradation efficiency. The dynamic oil adsorption features a two-stage mechanism: rapid surface adsorption followed by sustained internal retention. The AHBM exhibited significantly enhanced tolerance to environmental variations. Notably, the immobilized bacteria achieved complete degradation of n-alkanes below C18, over 80% degradation ratio for C19-C33 alkanes, and 50-60% for alkylated PAHs. The oil adsorptiondegradation mechanism of AHBM was proposed, involving four distinct stages. This research provides an integrated, sustainable approach for marine oil spill remediation by successfully coupling biochar adsorption with microbial degradation in a floating system.

Marine oil spills have emerged as a pressing global environmental issue, posing severe threats to marine ecosystems and coastal environments. Microbial immobilization, recognized as an eco-friendly and cost-effective strategy for oil remediation, has received considerable attention. Nevertheless, the immobilization carriers face challenges including limited adsorption capacity, inadequate biocompatibility, and insufficient functional diversity in practical applications. In this study, an efficient petroleum-degrading strain, Rhodococcus hoagii S4, was successfully isolated, while the impacts of various biochar types on crude oil biodegradation by free bacteria were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrated that corn straw biochar pyrolyzed at 350°C enhanced oil degradation. Subsequently, an innovative Fe3O4/biochar-immobilized bacteria (S/FBC) was developed to enhance oil degradation. The S/FBC composite demonstrated superior environmental adaptability, exhibiting enhanced salt tolerance and achieving an oil degradation efficiency of 61.64 %. The GC-MS analysis results demonstrated that S/FBC greatly facilitated the degradation of medium- and long-chain alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Mechanistic investigations further demonstrated that S/FBC stimulated biosurfactant production and substantially upregulated alkB expression, with increases of 61.89 % and 44.24 % relative to free and biochar-immobilized bacteria, respectively. This research clarifies the interaction mechanisms between nanomaterials and microbes, advances the development of immobilized multifunctional bioremediation, and provides actionable strategies for marine oil spill control.

As global climate change intensifies and greenhouse gas concentrations rise, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is gradually becoming an essential strategic pathway to mitigate climate warming. Its core component, carbon dioxide (CO2) storage, may have environmental impacts due to leakage. Although significant progress has been made in research on the environmental effects of leakage, the conclusions of related studies vary to some extent, such as the different mobilization mechanisms of metals in groundwater and the different growth trends of microbial communities under different CO2 stresses. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the impact mechanisms of CO2 leakage on environmental receptors such as groundwater, soil, microorganisms, and plants in the past decade, including disturbances to groundwater geochemical equilibrium, soil acidification, and changes in microbial community structure and function. The comprehensive environmental impacts of CO2 leakage are also analyzed from multiple perspectives. Finally, concerning the shortcomings of the current study, we emphasize the need to continue to deepen the study on the environmental impact of leakage and establish a leakage evaluation system, aiming to provide scientific support for the safe implementation of CO2 storage and environmental protection in applications.

Industry 5.0 transforms industrial ecosystems via artificial intelligence (AI), human–machine collaboration, and sustainability-focused innovations. This systematic literature review examines Industry 5.0′s role in energy transition through digital transformation, sustainable supply chains, and energy efficiency strategies. Key findings highlight AI-driven smart grids, blockchain-enabled energy transactions, and digital twin simulations as enablers of low-carbon, adaptive industrial operations. This review uniquely integrates technological, managerial, and policy perspectives, providing actionable insights for policymakers and industry leaders. Industry 5.0 enhances innovative energy management, renewable energy integration, and flexible energy distribution, strengthening resilience and sustainability. It fosters environmental responsibility, social impact, and circular economy principles, laying the foundation for a low-carbon economy and accelerating the global energy transition.

The usage of dispersant presents a difficult choice: the uncertainty of beneficial biodegradation of spilled oil against what could be a greater environmental impact from the finely dispersed oil. Here, we evaluated the effect of dispersant on the microbial community at a high-precision concentration (0.1-20 % (v/v), 10 gradients) to elucidate the uncertainty of beneficial biodegradation and proposed the associated mechanism. Results at the phylum, class, and genus level revealed no significant changes in microbial diversity and structure at low-concentration dispersants (0.1-3 %), but significant changes at high-concentration dispersants (5-20 %). For beneficial biodegradation, 4 oil-degrading bacteria and 3 non-oil-degrading bacteria exhibited strong positive (R-2 > 0.72) and negative (R-2 > 0.73) correlations at 0.1-3 % low-concentrations. More importantly, oil-degrading bacteria abundance exceeded 75.9 % in the total abundance proportion (70.1 %) of them. This indicated low-concentration dispersants can promote biodegradation. In the high-concentrations, similar but opposite results were shown. Therefore, dispersant concentration dominates biodegradation of spilled oil. Finally, we proposed the associated "bacterial peaking" mechanism and clarified that biodegradation increases under the drive of the affected bacteria and reach a peak at low-concentration dispersants, but decline rapidly at high-concentrations. This study provided a new insight to understand the usage of dispersant on biodegradation of spilled oil in the sea.

Endophytic bacteria have a complex coevolutionary relationship with their host macroalgae. Dioecious macroalgae are important producers in marine ecosystems, but there is still a lack of research on how sex influences their endophytic bacteria. In this study, the endophytic bacterial communities in male and female S. thunbergii and their reproductive tissues (receptacles) were compared using culture methods and high-throughput sequencing. The endophytic bacterial communities detected by the two methods were different. Among the 78 isolated strains, the dominant phylum, genus, and species were Bacillota, Alkalihalobacillus, and Alkalihalobacillus algicola, respectively, in the algal bodies, while in the receptacles, they were Bacillota, Vibrio, and Vibrio alginolyticus. However, 24 phyla and 349 genera of endophytic bacteria were identified by high-throughput sequencing, and the dominant phylum and genus were Pseudomonadota and Sva0996_ Marine_ Group, respectively, in both the algal body and the receptacles. The two methods showed similar compositions of endophytic bacterial communities between the samples of different sexes, but the relative abundances of dominant and specific taxa were different. The high-throughput sequencing results showed more clearly that the sex of the host alga had an effect on its endophyte community assembly and a greater effect on the endophytic bacterial community in the receptacles. Moreover, most specific bacteria and predicted functional genes that differed between the samples from the males and females were related to metabolism, suggesting that metabolic differences are the main causes of sex differences in the endophytic bacterial community. Our research is the first to show that host sex contributes to the composition of endophytic bacterial communities in dioecious marine macroalgae. The results enrich the database of endophytic bacteria of dioecious marine macroalgae and pave the way for better understanding the assembly mechanism of the endophytic bacterial community of algae.

The development of environmental remediation materials from renewable biowaste, especially for the cleanup of viscous oil spills in an eco-friendly manner, marks a substantial advancement in functional materials. This study proposes a biomass aerogel (M-MCEP) transformed from Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) in green tides for solar-driven recovery of high-viscosity oil spills. Inspired by the lamella-bridge architecture of Thalia dealbata stems, a biomimetic structure with multi-domain, long-range aligned lamella-bridge interconnections is constructed by a multi-sided unidirectional freeze-casting technique. Multi-scale interface optimization between rigid photothermal fillers and soft lamellar layers achieves multiple reinforcements, providing aerogel with a perfect balance of elasticity and strength. The multidomain low tortuosity channels and photothermal effects enhance M-MCEP's photothermal conversion (95.2 %) and thermal conductivity (0.3517 W/mK), reducing oil flow resistance and achieving high oil retention efficiency (>92 %). Under 1 sun irradiation, M-MCEP rapidly heats to 67.3 degrees C, effectively reducing the viscosity of crude oil in situ, with a crude oil adsorption rate of 1843 mL/m(2) within 30 s. Moreover, M-MCEP captures emulsified oil in oil-in-water emulsions through high-speed repeated oscillations, achieving a separation efficiency of 96.42-99.21 %. Renewable resources and unique structural designs provided by nature drive the development of advanced biomimetic aerogels for efficiently remedying catastrophic oil spills.

Confronted with rapid -spread river oil leaks and marine oil spills containing toxic and light fractions, conventional emergency response measures often fall short. This study proposes a solar -driven oil evaporation and adsorption (SOEA) strategy that efficiently addresses the challenges posed by toxic and light oils in rivers and oceans. Inspired by the self-protection and anti -fouling effects of fish scales, a photothermal oil -adsorbing felt with a biomimetic scale structure for efficient SEOA is constructed by decorating functional components onto the melt -blown fiber felt using scalable spraying technology. The rational integration of a dual -layer scale structure and functional constituents imparts stable superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, flame retardancy, enhanced mechanical strength, and a higher oil adsorption capacity. Benefiting from the superior photothermal conversion, the solar -vapor conversion efficiency of the resulting P-EG/MXene@PP reaches 85.6 % under 1 sunlight, with an evaporation rate for light oil of 13.17 kg/m 2 /h, 8 times higher than natural volatilization. For crude oil floating on water, it achieves a 98 % oil removal efficiency in 6 h, with 41 wt% of the light fraction evaporated. This research provides distinctive insights into solar -driven oil spill remediation behavior and pioneers the SOEA strategy, offering rapid, efficient, and safe solutions for intricate oil spill scenarios.

Oil dispersion, a crucial process in oil transport, involves the detachment of oil droplets from slicks and their introduction into the water column, influencing subsequent oil migration and transformation. This study examines oil dispersion, considering characteristics, stability, and mechanisms, while evaluating the impact of dispersants and salinity. Results show the significant role of surfactant type in dispersants on oil dispersion characteristics, with anionic surfactants exhibiting higher sensitivity to salinity changes compared to nonionic surfactants. The dispersion efficiency varies with salinity, with anionic surfactants performing better in low salinity (<20%o) and nonionic surfactants showing superior performance at 30-35%o salinities. Rheological analysis illustrates the breakup and coalescence of oil droplets within the shear rates of breaking waves. An increase in interfacial film rigidity impedes the coalescence of oil droplets, contributing to the dynamic stability of the oil-water hybrid system. The use of GM-2, a nonionic dispersant, results in the formation of a solid-like interface, characterized by increased elastic modulus, notably at 20 & pertenk; salinity. However, stable droplet size distribution (DSD) at 35%o salinity for 60 h suggests droplets can remain dispersed in seawater. The enhancement of stability of oil dispersion is interpreted as the result of two mechanisms: stabilizing DSD and developing the strength of viscoelastic interfacial film. These findings offer insights into oil dispersion dynamics, highlighting the importance of surfactant selection and salinity in governing dispersion behavior, and elucidating mechanisms underlying dispersion stability.

Endophytic bacteria are one of the symbiotic microbial groups closely related to host algae. However, less research on the endophytic bacteria of marine algae. In this study, the endophytic bacterial community of Sargassum thunbergii was investigated using the culture method and high-throughput sequencing. Thirty-nine endophytic bacterial strains, belonging to two phyla, five genera and sixteen species, were isolated, and Firmicutes, Bacillus and Metabacillus indicus were the dominant taxa at the phylum, genus and species level, respectively. High-throughput sequencing revealed 39 phyla and 574 genera of endophytic bacteria, and the dominant phylum was Proteobacteria, while the dominant genus was Ralstonia. The results also indicated that the endophytic bacteria of S. thunbergii included various groups with nitrogen fixation, salt tolerance, pollutant degradation, and antibacterial properties but also contained some pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, the endophytic bacterial community shared a large number of groups with the epiphytic bacteria and bacteria in the surrounding seawater, but the three groups of samples could be clustered separately. In conclusion, there are a variety of functional endophytic bacteria living in S. thunbergii, and the internal condition of algae is a selective factor for the formation of endophytic bacterial communities. This study enriched the database of endophytic bacteria in marine macroalgae, paving the way for further understanding of the interrelationships between endophytic bacteria, macroalgae, and the environment.

Sediment, as the destination of marine pollutants, often bears much more serious petroleum pollution than water. Biochar is increasingly utilized for remediating organic pollutant-laden sediments, yet its long-term impacts on oil-contaminated sediment remain poorly understood. In this study, simulation experiments adding 2.5 wt% biochars (corn straw and wood chips biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures) were conducted. The effects on petroleum hydrocarbon attenuation, enzyme activities, and microbial community structure were systematically investigated. Results showed enhanced degradation of long-chain alkanes in certain biochartreated groups. Biochar species and PAH characteristics together lead to the PAHs' attenuation, with low- temperature corn straw biochar facilitating the degradation of phenanthrene, fluorene, and chrysene. Initially, biochars reduced polyphenol oxidase activity but increased urease and dehydrogenase activities. However, there was a noticeable rise in polyphenol oxidase activity for a long time. Biochars influenced bacterial community succession and abundance, likely due to nutrient release stimulating microbial activity. The structural equations model (SEM) reveals that DON affected the enzyme activity by changing the microbial community and thus regulated the degradation of PAHs. These findings shed light on biochar's role in bacterial communities and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation over extended periods, potentially enhancing biochar-based remediation for petroleum-contaminated sediments.

Adsorbents play a vital role in responding to marine oil spills, yet effectively cleaning up viscous oil spills remains a technical challenge. Herein, we present a superhydrophobic oil-adsorbing felt prepared using melt-blown technology and functionally enhanced with a photoelectric composite CNT/PANI coating for effectively cleaning up high-viscosity oil spills. By virtue of its superior solar/Joule heating ability and thermally conductive fiber network, p-CNT/PANI@PP notably reduced crude oil viscosity and enhanced the oil diffusion coefficient within pores. Leveraging primarily solar heating and supplemented by Joule heating, p-CNT/PANI@PP demonstrates an impressive in-situ adsorption rate of up to 560 g/h for ultra-high-viscosity crude oil (c.a. 138000 mPa·s), alongside an adsorption capacity of 15.57 g/g. This measure enables efficient viscosity reduction and continuous day-and-night recovery of viscous crude oil, addressing the challenges posed by seasonal fluctuations in seawater temperature and adverse weather conditions. Moreover, a conveyorized collector integrated with an oil-adsorbing felt realizes continuous recovery of viscous oil spills with speed control to tackle varying thicknesses of oil film. Given the top-down material design, superior functionality, and applicability to applications, this work provides a comprehensive and feasible solution to catastrophic large-area viscous oil spills.

In response to the defects of low oil adsorption capacity and poor oil-water selectivity of polypropylene fiber felt as an oil spill emergency material, which necessitates systematic improvement to cope with frequent oil spills. Herein, a superhydrophobic magnetic fiber felt is fabricated by a facile melt-blown technique and a rapid modification process to solve its defects while imparting its functionality. UV-induced rapid polymerization of dopamine on melt-blown fibers and a dip coating of hydrophobic candelilla wax to modify mussel-inspired oil-adsorbent felts. The resultant felt features remote controllability as well as thermal and mechanical stability, exhibiting high resistance to corrosive solutions. The adsorption efficiency of the modified felt is significantly enhanced with a capacity of 10-20.48 g/g, and notably, it can be recycled 15 times via manual adsorption-desorption, which greatly contributes to the usefulness of the adsorbent. In addition, the separation eff-ciency of the felt applied as a membrane exceeds 95.7 % for various oil-water mixtures by gravity alone and a permeate flux of up to 28,662 L center dot m(-2)center dot h(-1). A pump-assisted experiment connected to a felt can collect oil at a flux of 20,845 L center dot m(-2)center dot h(-1), aiming at the continuous recovery of oil spills from seawater. The significant advancement in oil-adsorbent felt provides engineers with a more realistic strategy to handle oil spills and challenging separations.