Reducing the dosage of chemotherapeutic drugs via enhancing the delivery efficiency using novel nanoparticles has great potential for cancer treatment. Here, we focused on improving mitoxantrone delivery by using cholesterol-substituted pullulan polymers (CHPs) and selected a suitable nano-drug size to inhibit the growth of bladder cancer cells. We synthesized three kinds of CHPs, named CHP-1, CHP-2, CHP-3. Their chemical structures were identified by NMR, and the degree of cholesterol substitution was 6.82%, 5.78%, and 2.74%, respectively. Their diameters were 86.4, 162.30, and 222.28nm. We tested the release rate of mitoxantrone in phosphate-buffered saline for 48h: the release rate was 38.73%, 42.35%, and 58.89% for the three CHPs. The hydrophobic substitution degree in the polymer was associated with the self-assembly process of the nanoparticles, which affected their size and therefore drug release rate. The release of the three drug-loaded nanoparticles was significantly accelerated in acid release media. The larger the nanoparticle, the greater the drug release velocity. At 24h, the IC50 value was 0.25M, for the best inhibition of mitoxantrone on bladder cancer cells.3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) experiments demonstrated that drug-loaded CHP-3 nanoparticles with the largest size were the most toxic to bladder cancer cells. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry revealed that drug-loaded CHP-3 nanoparticles with the largest size had the strongest effect on promoting apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Also, the three drug-loaded nanoparticles could all inhibit the migration of MB49 cells, with large-size CHP-3 nanoparticles having the most powerful inhibition.

A core-shell structured LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4@LiCoO2 cathode material has been successfully synthesized by the combination of sol-gel and solid state methods. The coating of LiCoO2 has a significant effect on the electrochemical performance of the spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-based cathode material, especially the cycling stability at high temperature and rate capability. After modification, the ionic conductivity of the material is greatly improved due to the high ion conductivity of LiCoO2. The LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4@ LiCoO2 with 1% LiCoO2 presents the optimal rate capability and delivers a relatively high discharge capacity of 122 mA h g(-1) at 10C. On the other hand, the surface coating of LiCoO2 can effectively facilitate Li+ interfacial diffusion, and alleviate the side reactions between the active material and the electrolyte; as a result, the capacity retention of 96.17% for the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4@ LiCoO2 electrode with 1% LiCoO2 is much higher than that for the bare LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (74.93%) after 100 cycles at elevated temperature. Our study confirms that the core-shell structure construction caused by the coating of LiCoO2 plays a critical role in the improvement of the electrochemical cycling stability at elevated temperatures and rate capability.

Polyethylene glycolated (PEGylated)curcumin-grafted-chitosan (PCC) conjugates were synthesized with three PEG/chitosan feed molar ratios (1/5, 1/7.5, and 1/10), namely PCC1, PCC2 and PCC3. Chemical structures of these conjugates were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The degrees of substitution (DS) of PEG were 0.75%, 0.45% and 0.33%, respectively, for PCC1, PCC2 and PCC3by 1H NMR analysis. Self-assembled PCC nanoparticles (NPs) were spherical as observed in transmission electron microscope images. Mitoxantrone (MTO)-loaded PCC NPs were prepared to analyze the particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, drug release and in vitro cytotoxicity. The MTO-loaded PCC3 NP (DS = 0.33%) possessed the smallest size (~183.1 nm), highest zeta potential (~+34.0 mV) and the largest loading capacity of curcumin (CUR, ~16.1%) and MTO (~8.30%). The release results showed that MTO-loaded PCC3 NP demonstrated the lowest percentage of MTO release and increased as pH decreased, but the CUR release could only be detected at pH 4.0. In the cytotoxicity study, MTO-loaded PCC3 NP displayed the highest cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line and the best synergistic effect among the tested NPs. Our results suggest that the DS of PEG has impacts on the structures and functions of PCC NPs: the smaller DS of PEG was associated with the smaller size, the higher zeta potential, the slower drug release, and the higher cytotoxicity of NPs.

K0.5Na0.5NbO3 + x mol KCuTa3O9 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with superior hardening properties were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. The addition of a small amount of KCuTa3O9 (x ≤ 0.04) induces the formation of (CuNb′′′−VO••)′ (DC1) and (VO••−CuNb′′′−VO••)• (DC2) defect dipoles; however, DC2 becomes dominant in the ceramics with high levels of KCuTa3O9. The DC1 can provide a restoring force to reverse the switched polarization, inducing double hysteresis loops, while DC2 slightly impedes polarization back-switching. Because of the combination of DC1 and DC2 associates, the ceramics become gradually “hardened” with x increasing from 0 to 0.01, giving a superhigh mechanical quality factor Qm of 2494 at x = 0.01, and then are gradually softened with x further increasing to 0.07, exhibiting a relatively low Qm of 549 at x = 0.07. Our study shows that the control of defect structures can effectively tailor the ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity of K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based lead-free ceramics.

A series of orange-emitting Ca3Bi1−x (PO4)3:xSm3+ phosphors were synthesized by a solid state reaction, the crystal structure and luminescent properties of the materials were studied. The doping of Sm3+ has no obvious influence on the crystal structure of the Ca3Bi(PO4)3 powders and all the samples possess a cubic symmetry. Under the 401 nm excitation, the sample exhibits three typical emission bands located at 561, 598, and 644 nm corresponding to 4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 6H7/2, and 6H9/2 transitions, respectively. For x = 0.03, the sample exhibits an optimum luminescence. The type of energy transfer between Sm3+ is considered as dipole–dipole interaction according to Dexter’s theory. The CIE chromaticity coordinates indicate that the emission of Ca3Bi0.97(PO4)3:0.03Sm3+ locates in orange region. The results indicate that the phosphor may be used as an orange phosphor for NUV-based white LEDs.

A variety of nano/microstructured YF3:0.125Eu(3+), 0.5%Bi3+ samples with specific morphologies was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method using various fluoride sources as microstructure-directing agents, and the grain morphology and fluorescence were effectively tailored. The YF3:0.125Eu(3+), 0.5%Bi3+ samples using NH4F, NH4HF2, LiF, NaF, KF, MgF2 CaF2, and BaF2 as fluoride source are abbreviated as S1-S8, respectively. Except for the sample S8, all the diffraction peaks of the other materials (S1-S7) can be indexed to pure YF3 with orthorhombic symmetry. Granule-like nanoparticles, truncated octahedron, octahedron, and bipyramid morphologies were observed in S1-52, S3-S4, S5-S7, and S8 samples, respectively. The grain size of the materials is positively correlated with the cationic radius in fluoride sources, which gives the values of 64 nm to 4.2 mu m. The schematic diagram showing grain formation process has been proposed on the basis of fluoride source-induced morphological evolution. The morphology dependence of fluorescence reveals that the NaF-controlled sample exhibits the strongest orange-yellow emission, while the emission intensity using NH4F as the fluoride source is the lowest. This work offers us a method to effectively control the shape and size of inorganic photoluminescent materials so as to improve the fluorescence by tuning their morphology using different fluoride sources. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that these luminescent nanoparticles can be used in luminescent ink.

Defect greatly affects the microscopic structure and electrical properties of perovskite piezoelectric ceramics, but the microscopic mechanism of defect-driven macroscopic properties in the materials is not still completely comprehended. In this work, K0.5Na0.5NbO3+x mol CuSb2O6 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were fabricated by a solid-state reaction method and the defect-driven evolution of piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties was studied. The addition of CuSb2O6 induces the formation of dimeric (Cu-Nb(''') - V-O(center dot center dot))' ( DC1) and trimeric dV(O)(center dot center dot) - Cu-Nb(''') - V-O(center dot center dot))(center dot) (DC2) defect dipoles. At low doping concentration of CuSb2O6 (0.5-1.0 mol%), DC1 and DC2 coexist in the ceramics and harden the ceramics, inducing a constricted double P-E loop and high Q(m) of 895 at x= 0.01. However, DC2 becomes more dominant in the ceramics with high concentration of CuSb2O6 (>= 1.5 mol%) and thus leads to softening behavior of piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity as compared to the ceramic with x= 0.01, giving a single slanted P-E loop and relatively low Q(m) of 206 at x= 0.025. All ceramics exhibit relatively high d(33) of 106-126 pC/N. Our study shows that the piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics can be tailored by controlling defect structure of the materials.

单一以授课为基础的LBL教学法已经不能满足医学硕士研究生相关课程的教学需要,因此,我们将LBL、PBL、CBL和Seminar教学法联合运用于卫生学研究进展课程教学中,明确教师的任务和学生的角色,并进行效果评价,以提高学生查阅文献、独立思考和回答问题能力以及演讲能力等.

GdPO4·H2O:xSm3+ nanomaterials were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and the effects of Sm3+ concentrations and annealing temperature on the crystal structures, morphologies, and luminescent properties were studied. Doping of Sm3+ exhibited no obvious influence on the crystal structure for the non-annealed samples, which possessed a hexagonal structure and a nanorod shape. Under 401 nm excitation, GdPO4·H2O:xSm3+ displays a typical emission band with several peaks at 560, 596, and 640 nm. For the optimal sample of GdPO4·H2O:1.75%Sm3+, as the annealing temperature was increased from 300 to 800 °C, the compound transformed from GdPO4·H2O with a hexagonal symmetry to anhydrous GdPO4 with a monoclinic symmetry, and the morphologies varied from nanorods to ellipse-like shapes. The length of the nanorods was about 200 nm, whereas the ellipse-like shape exhibited a length of 100 nm and a diameter of 50 nm. The luminescent intensity was enhanced with the increased annealing temperature because the compound transformed from GdPO4·H2O to anhydrous GdPO4 and the nonradiative transition was reduced due to variation in the morphology. Moreover, GdPO4·H2O:1.75%Sm3+ exhibits paramagnetic performance. In addition, the potential applications in bioimaging and MRI were investigated.

In recent years, morphology-controlled synthesis and corresponding property tuning in inorganic materials have attracted considerable attention. In this work, lanthanide luminescent materials of YF3:0.125Eu(3+), 0.5%Bi3+ with a variety of well-defined morphologies including spherical, truncated octahedron, octahedron and pseudo-sphere particle have been controllably synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. Phase structure and morphology of the materials are tuned, and thus fluorescent properties are tailored by changing the synthetic parameters of reaction temperature and dwelling time. With increasing reaction temperature, the materials are transformed from KY3F10 to YF3, and the morphology varies from spherical to octahedron and finally truncated octahedra. When dwelling time increases, the samples also extend from KY3F10 to YF3 and the morphology changes from spherical to octahedron, then truncated octahedra and finally pseudo-sphere particle. The possible growth mechanism for diverse morphologies has been proposed. The fluorescence intensity of the materials is closely related to their morphologic characteristics. The YF3:0.125Eu(3+), 0.5%Bi3+ with truncated octahedra synthesized at 200 degrees C for 18 h presents the strongest emission intensity because of its less defects sites and large grain size. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the present luminescent materials can be potentially used as the luminescent ink. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Blue-emitting phosphors with composition (Ca0.8Ba1.2)1−x Mg x SiO4:yEu2+ (x = 0 to 0.11, y = 0.01 to 0.08) have been synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state reaction route and the effects of Mg2+ and Eu2+ codoping on their morphology, crystal structure, and luminescence properties were investigated. For (Ca0.8Ba1.2)1−x Mg x SiO4:0.04Eu2+, the color changed from light-blue to deep-blue region with increasing Mg2+ content from x = 0 to x = 0.11. For (Ca0.8Ba1.2)0.93Mg0.07SiO4:yEu2+, the emission band showed the opposite shift with increasing y from 1% to 8%. Interestingly, increasing Mg2+ addition led to significant reduction in the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) from 100 nm to 70 nm. Compared with Mg-free samples, the emission intensity of the Mg-containing material with x = 0.07 was enhanced by ∼100%. The optimum doping levels of Mg2+ and Eu2+ were 0.07 and 0.02 for (Ca0.8Ba1.2)1−x Mg x SiO4:0.04Eu2+ and (Ca0.8Ba1.2)0.93Mg0.07SiO4:yEu2+, respectively. These results indicate that such materials could be good candidate blue-emitting phosphors for use in solid-state lighting and displays.

High-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 has been considered as one of the most promising cathode candidate for LIBs due to its excellent energy density and power density, but the attack of HF on the material and dissolution of Mn ions into electrolyte can cause structure collapse and serious capacity fading of the cathode. In this work, a semiconductor of LaFeO3 was coated on the surface of polyhedral LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 via a wetchemical method. LaFeO3 coated at the surface of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 significantly protects the cathode from the corrosion of HF and alleviates the dissolution of Mn ions into organic liquid electrolyte during (dis) charge processes. The 2.0 wt% LaFeO3-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode exhibits much better cycling stability, rate capability, and elevated temperature stability than the pristine: capacity retention of 97.71% at 1 C after 100 cycles vs. that of 90.96%; rate capability of 111.9 and 99.6 mAh g(-1) at high C-rates of 5 C and 10 C vs. that of 90.6 and 76.4 mAh g(-1), respectively; and high temperature capacity retention of 93.29% at 1 C after 100 cycles vs. that of 69.9%. Present study provides a facile method to mitigate the dissolution of Mn ions into electrolyte for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, resulting in excellent cycling performance and rate capability. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics is a major professional course of pharmacy. The teaching reform attempt from the reform of teaching content and teaching method in the teaching process were carried on. The participation of study enthusiasm and comprehensive ability of students were improved obviously, and good teaching effect were achieved.

Fructus Gradeniae, the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, was used alone or in combination with other herb medicines in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China for a long time. In present investigation, the HPLC method for the determination of geniposide in rat plasma was developed and validated, and the pharmacokinetics of geniposide in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of Fructus Gradeniae extract or pure was studied. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic profile (especially the area under the plasma concentration-time curve, AUC) of geniposide in type 2 diabetic rats after orally administered with Fructus Gradeniae extract or pure geniposide was remarkably different from that in normal rats. The results indicated that the increased AUC of geniposide in type 2 diabetic rats did not result from the effects of other components contained in Fructus Gradeniae. It could be speculated that the increased AUC of geniposide might result from the pathological state of type 2 diabetes mellitus which resulted in the pharmacokinetic alterations of geniposide.

Lead-free multiferroic ceramics of 0.75Bi1−x Er x FeO3–0.25BaTiO3 + 1 mol% MnO2 were synthesized by a conventional ceramic technique, and their structure, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties were investigated. All the ceramics possess a perovskite structure. The crystal structure of the ceramics is transformed from rhombohedral to orthorhombic phase with increasing x. The ceramics with x = 0.125–0.15 exhibit good electric insulation (R = 2.75–2.83 × 1010 Ω cm) and strong ferroelectricity (P r = 13.4–14.2 µC cm−2). The remanent magnetism M r and saturated magnetization M s of the ceramics are greatly improved by 380 and 722 % with increasing x from 0 to 0.15, respectively. The present materials exhibit strong ferroelectricity, considerable improved ferromagnetism and relatively good piezoelectricity, suggesting potential applications in advanced multiferroic devices.

Eu3+-doped MWO4 (M = Zn, Cd, Ca, Sr, or Ba) nanorods and rodlike, spherical, dumbbell-like, and double-tapter-like grains have been obtained via a hydrothermal method. The distinct differences in cationic radius lead to a special morphology, which is attributed to the symmetry of the crystal structure and the differences in the growth rates of various crystals, and it further leads to the variation of luminescence. It was found that the charge transfer band of MWO4:0.04Eu3+ exhibits a blue shift with an increasing cationic radius, and the shift is ascribed to less covalency being caused by an increase in the cationic radius. The emission intensity obviously increases with cationic radius, increasing for the samples with a monoclinic phase; however, it is the opposite for the samples with a tetragonal phase, and CaWO4:0.04Eu3+ exhibits an optimal emission intensity. In addition, the possible reasons for the decay lifetime are also discussed in detail. Our results indicate that cations can effectively control the crystal structure, micromorphology, and luminescence in tungstate phosphors, and thus, our approach is effective for obtaining materials with the desired morphology and crystal structure.

ObjectiveTo explore the scientific basis of processing technology of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. By the change of polysaccharides and saponins constituents during nine-steam-nine-bask processing.MethodsThe polysaccharides and saponins constituents determined with the markers of glucose and diosgenin by Uv-vis spectrophotometry. The ultrasonic ex-traction technology for saponins was optimized by a single factor experiment and an orthogonal experiment.ResultsThe content of polysaccharides will decrease with the streaming times increasing and saponins increased before they were the stable. The optimal extract conditions were obtained as folows: ethanol concentration 75%, ultrasonic time 40 min, the extraction tempera-ture 70℃, only one time.ConclusionThe optimal extraction method was repeatable. It can significantly increases the yield of saponins, and has a promising prospect of practical applications.

Objective To investigate whether 5, 7-dihydrox-8-nitrochrysin (NOC) induces apoptosis in U937 monocytic leukae-mia cells is involved in the regulation of the activity of PKD 2.Methods U937 cell line cells were cultured in vitro .Apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) using propidium iodide (PI) staining.DNA ladder bands were observed by DNA agarose gel electro-phoresis.The phosphorylated protein expression of PKD 2 was analyzed using Western blot .Results NOC (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0μmol/L) increased apoptosis rate in U937 cells in a concentration-dependent manner ( P <0.05).After treatment with NOC (5.0 and 10.0μmol/L) for 24 h, U937 cells presented typical DNA ladder bands .At the same time, not only did NOC effectively down-regulate the ex-pression of PDK2 phosphorylated protein , but also increased apoptosis rate in U 937 cells in the presence of G?6976, a specific inhibitor of PKD2.Conclusions The effect that NOC induces apoptosis in U 937 cells is related to the inhibition of the activity of PKD 2.

Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a protein kinase which is frequently activated in cancer. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is involved in the stimulation of cancer stem cell growth. Its aberrant activation has been validated in several types of cancer, including ovarian cancer. In the present study, the sphere‑forming cells (SFCs) of the human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell line were observed to have self‑renewal capacity, indicating the possession of ovarian cancer stem‑like cell properties. SKOV3‑derived SFCs had higher levels of CK2α and glioma‑associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) proteins compared with those of parental cells. Apigenin, a common flavonoid, significantly inhibited the self‑renewal capacity and the protein expression of CK2α and Gli1 proteins in the SKOV3‑derived SFCs, which occurred in a concentration‑dependent manner. In addition, CK2α small interfering RNA downregulated the protein expression of CK2α and Gli1 and synergistically inhibited the self‑renewal capacity of the SKOV3‑derived SFCs with apigenin. However, forced overexpression of CK2α resulted in an increase in the expression of CK2α and Gli1 and attenuated the apigenin‑inhibited self‑renewal effect in the SKOV3‑derived SFCs. These results suggested that apigenin inhibited the self‑renewal capacity of SKOV3‑derived SFCs and was involved in downregulating the expression of Gli1 by the inhibition of CK2α.