Household air pollution (HAP) is a major environmental risk factor. It is strongly associated with increased disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and mortality from ischemic stroke (IS). This study aims to evaluate the burden of IS attributable to HAP across WHO regions.This study used Global Burden of Disease 2021 to analyze the IS burden attributed to HAP across WHO regions from 1990 to 2021. We used Joinpoint regression to analyze the temporal trend. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change were calculated. We also assessed the age-specific burden of IS in the WHO regions for 2021.From 1990 to 2021, the burden of IS attributable to HAP in WHO regions showed a downward trend, with the highest burden in the African region and the lowest in the European region and the region of the Americas. The most substantial decline occurred in the European region between 2005 and 2010, with the age-standardized DALY rates for both sexes and the age-standardized mortality rates for males decreasing markedly (APC = - 15.17 and -15.19, respectively). The burden is heavier in the elderly, especially males, and the mortality and DALY rates increase significantly after the age of 60. The Western Pacific region, Southeast Asian region, and African region are the regions with the highest burden in 2021.HAP remains an important risk factor for IS burden. It is necessary to take targeted prevention strategies and measures to reduce regional differences.

Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The study used Global Burden of Disease 2023 data to quantify deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from LRIs attributable to ambient and household PM2.5 in China and the G20. Joinpoint regression was applied to assess annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) in age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR), with subgroup analyses by sex. Forest plots visualized AAPC, and loess smoothing was used to examine the association between the Social Development Index (SDI) and LRI burden. From 1990 to 2023, ASDR of LRIs attributable to ambient PM2.5 generally declined in China and the G20, but reversed upward during 2021–2023 (APC: China 12.76–14.23

>Preterm birth（PTB） is defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation.PTB is associated with increased cardiovascular risk,neurodevelopmental disorders,and other diseases in infancy,childhood,and adulthood [1] .Globally,approximately 15 million PTB cases are reported annually,posing a huge burden on individual families and the community economy [2] .In the context of climate warming,O 3 pollution has continuously increased in many countries in recent years,including China;therefore,scientific communities and government agencies must strive to mitigate ozone pollution.

PM2.5 has been associated with various adverse health effects, particularly affecting lung function and chronic respiratory diseases. However, the genetic causality relationship between PM2.5 exposure and lung function as well as chronic respiratory diseases remains poorly understood. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal impact of PM2.5 on lung function and chronic respiratory diseases. Instrumental variables were carefully selected, with significance thresholds (P < 5 × 10− 8), and linkage disequilibrium with an r2 value below 0.001. Additionally, SNPs with an F-statistic exceeding 10 were included to mitigate potential bias stemming from weak instrumental variables. The primary analytical approach employed the Inverse Variance Weighted method, supplemented by the Weighted Median, MR-Egger, Simple Model, and Weighted Model. Furthermore, pleiotropy and heterogeneity were evaluated through the MR-Egger intercept test and Cochrane’s Q test, with a sensitivity analysis conducted using the leave-one-out method. Eight SNPs significantly associated with PM2.5 exposure were identified as Instrumental variables. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a significant causal association between PM2.5 exposure and lung function (FEV), with an OR of 0.7284 (95

The main purpose of this review was to examine the evidence of the relationship between active smoking or passive smoking during pregnancy and atopic dermatitis in offspring. The protocol was written following the PRISMA Checklist and was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42022381136). We implemented a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases to identify all potentially related articles from inception through 1 December 2022. We assessed cohort studies and case-control studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies. Heterogeneity was investigated by using Cochrane Q tests and I2 statistics. In addition, according to the research design, population source and population size, the reasons for the heterogeneity were analysed. A total of 15 observational studies were included in this analysis. Our meta-analysis suggests that atopic dermatitis in offspring is not associated with active smoking during pregnancy (pooled OR, 0.96 [95% CI 0.86-1.07]); however, it is related to passive smoking (OR, 1.52 [95% CI 1.36-1.70]). Passive smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of eczema development in offspring. More research is needed to explore the risk of active smoking and eczema development in offspring, especially the association between measurements of pregnancy cotinine levels in maternal body fluids and AD in offspring.

Chronic pharyngitis（CP） is a prevalent medical condition in the field of otorhinolaryngology characterized by persistent inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, submucosa, and lymphoid tissue. The etiology of CP is multifactorial, with noninfectious factors such as personal habits（e.g.,smoking and drinking）,

Epidemiological and toxicological studies have confirmed that exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could affect our cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Recent studies have shown that PM can penetrate the skin and cause skin inflammation, but the evidence is limited and contradictory. As the largest outermost surface of the human body, the skin is constantly exposed to the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between PM and inflammatory skin diseases. Most epidemiological studies have provided positive evidence for outdoor, indoor, and wildfire PM and inflammatory skin diseases. The effects of PM exposure during pregnancy and inflammatory skin diseases in offspring are heterogeneous. Skin barrier dysfunction, Oxidative stress, and inflammation may play a critical role in the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we summarize some interventions to alleviate PM-induced inflammatory skin diseases, which may contribute to public health welfare. Overall, PM is related to inflammatory skin diseases via skin barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Appropriate government interventions are beneficial.

Previous studies have reported regional variations in the relationship between ambient temperature and dermatitis, which therefore remain inconclusive. This study aimed to understand the short-term effects of ambient temperature in outpatients with dermatitis in Xinxiang. Routine data of dermatitis outpatient visits between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018 were acquired from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) in combination with a generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to investigate the acute impact of ambient temperature on dermatitis outpatients. Two stratified analyses based on age and sex were conducted to explore their potential modification effects. A total of 18,064 dermatitis outpatient records were retrieved during the study period. The relationship between ambient temperature and dermatitis outpatients was found to be nonlinear; exposure-response curves were approximately "J" shaped. The risk of dermatitis outpatient increased with a corresponding elevation in temperature from 11.5 to 27.5°C. However, the significance was lost when the temperature exceeded the given range. Stratified analysis demonstrated higher sensitivity to temperature in females than in males, and the young groups (<15 years) might be sensitive to heat temperature. This study provides first-hand epidemiological evidence demonstrating a higher risk of dermatitis outpatient visits associated with moderately higher temperatures. The outcomes of this study create awareness among citizens to take the necessary precautions to prevent the adverse effects of moderate heat temperature during early summer and autumn seasons.

Objectives As the largest organ of the human body, the skin is the major exposure route of NO2. However, the evidence for a relationship between NO2 exposure and dermatologic diseases (DMs) is limited. This time-series study was conducted to assess the short-term effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure on DMs outpatient visits in Xinxiang, China. Methods Daily recordings of NO2 concentrations, meteorological data, and the outpatient visits data for DMs were collected in Xinxiang from January 1st, 2015, to December 31st, 2018. The analysis method used was based on the generalized additive model (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression to investigate the relationship between NO2 exposure and DMs outpatient visits. Several covariates, such as long-term trends, seasonality, and weather conditions were controlled. Results A total of 164,270 DMs outpatients were recorded. A 10 mu g/m(3) increase in NO2 concentrations during the period was associated with a 1.86% increase in DMs outpatient visits (95% confidence intervals [Cl]: 1.06-2.66%). The effect was stronger (around 6 times) in the cool seasons than in warmer seasons and younger patients (< 15 years of age) appeared to be more vulnerable. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that short-term exposure to NO2 increases the risk of DMs in Xinxiang, China, especially in the cool seasons. Policymakers should implement more stringent air quality standards to improve air quality.

Retinal fundus photography provides a non-invasive approach for identifying early microcirculatory alterations of chronic diseases prior to the onset of overt clinical complications. Here, we developed neural network models to predict hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and a range of risk factors from retinal fundus images obtained from a cross-sectional study of chronic diseases in rural areas of Xinxiang County, Henan, in central China. 1222 high-quality retinal images and over 50 measurements of anthropometry and biochemical parameters were generated from 625 subjects. The models in this study achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.880 in predicting hyperglycemia, of 0.766 in predicting hypertension, and of 0.703 in predicting dyslipidemia. In addition, these models can predict with AUC>0.7 several blood test erythrocyte parameters, including hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and a cluster of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Taken together, deep learning approaches are feasible for predicting hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and risks of other chronic diseases.

Objective Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in China, and contriving a long-term forecast is a useful aid for better launching prevention initiatives. Regrettably, such a forecasting method with robust and accurate performance is still lacking. Here, we aim to investigate its potential of the error-trend-seasonal (ETS) framework through a series of comparative experiments to analyze and forecast its secular epidemic seasonality and trends of TB incidence in China. Methods We collected the TB incidence data from January 1997 to August 2019, and then partitioning the data into eight different training and testing subsamples. Thereafter, we constructed the ETS and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models based on the training subsamples, and multiple performance indices including the mean absolute deviation, mean absolute percentage error, root-mean-squared error, and mean error rate were adopted to assess their simulation and projection effects. Results In the light of the above performance measures, the ETS models provided a pronounced improvement for the long-term seasonality and trend forecasting in TB incidence rate over the SARIMA models, be it in various training or testing subsets apart from the 48-step ahead forecasting. The descriptive results to the data revealed that TB incidence showed notable seasonal characteristics with predominant peaks of spring and early summer and began to be plunging at on average 3.722% per year since 2008. However, this rate reduced to 2.613% per year since 2015 and furthermore such a trend would be predicted to continue in years ahead. Conclusion The ETS framework has the ability to conduct long-term forecasting for TB incidence, which may be beneficial for the long-term planning of the TB prevention and control. Additionally, considering the predicted dropping rate of TB morbidity, more particular strategies should be formulated to dramatically accelerate progress towards the goals of the End TB Strategy.

Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental crises globally. As concentrations of pollutants increase, respiratory illness and cardiovascular ailments become more prevalent. Few studies have analyzed the correlations between ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution and eye and adnexa diseases (EADs). We investigated the short-term association between NO2 and outpatients with EADs in Xinxiang, China. Daily NO2 concentrations, meteorological and outpatients' data from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed using an over-dispersed generalized additive model. Several potential confounding factors including time trend, weather conditions, day of week, and holidays were controlled for. A total of 78384 cases of EADs outpatients were identified. Significant association was observed between NO2 and EADs outpatients. A 10 mu g/m(3) increase of NO2 in the current day correspond to a 1.15% (95% CI: 0.21%-2.09%) increment in daily outpatients with EADs. Furthermore, the association between NO2 and keratitis outpatients was the strongest with an estimates of 2.67% (95% CI: 1.24%-4.11%). This research confirmed the association between NO2 and EADs outpatients in Xinxiang, China. Our research highlight the importance of stricter environmental policies by the Chinese government to reduce the emission of air pollutants and to protect the health of citizens.

Abstract Background Bone mineral density (BMD) has been positively associated with lung function in patients diagnosed with respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis. However, the relationship between BMD and lung function is inconsistent in the general population. Methods To investigate the association between BMD and lung function in a Chinese general population, a total of 1024 adults aged 40–70 years old from Qiliying (an industrial polluted exposure area) and Langgongmiao (the reference area with non-industrial pollution) were recruited and underwent BMD and spirometry tests. Results Both BMD and lung function levels were lower in the exposed area compared to the reference area. In addition, BMD and lung function levels were also lower in females compared to males. Both Spearman and partial correlation analyses showed that BMD was positively correlated with FVC and FEV1. After adjusting linear regression analyses for potential confounding factors, every 0.1 g/cm2 drop in BMD was associated with 53.0 mL decrease in FVC and 33.5 mL decrease in FEV1. Conclusions A reduction of BMD is associated with lower lung function in a general population from China.

While increasing evidence suggests that ozone (O-3) exposure is associated with adverse birth outcomes, only one study has focused on its impact on the premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Therefore, we thus examined the effect of O-3 on PROM in Xinxiang, China, using an over-dispersed Poisson generalized additive model. Several confounding factors, including meteorological factors, temporal trends, the day of the week, and public holidays, were considered in the model. We identified a total of 3255 instances of PROM from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017, and there was a significant association between the daily maximum 8-h mean concentrations (O3-8h) and PROM. Each 10 mu g/m(3) increase in the 3-day average concentration (lag02) of O3-8h corresponded to an increment in PROM of 5.42% (95% CI: 1.45 -9.39%). Although the results of the stratified analyses were insignificant, a few trending results were observed: stronger associations between O-3 and PROM would occur in women with advanced age (>= 35) or during the warm season than those in younger women (<35) or during the cool season. Our study indicates that O-3 exposure is an important risk factor of PROM and should be considered in its prevention and control in the study area. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Although numerous studies have investigated the association between air pollution and hospitalization, few studies have focused on the health effect of air pollution on populations with hypertension. In this study, we conducted a time-series study to investigate the acute adverse effect of six criteria ambient air pollutants (fine particulate matter [PM2.5], inhalable particulate matter [PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], sulfur dioxide [SO2], ozone [O-3], and carbon monoxide [CO]) on hospitalization of patients for hypertension in Shijiazhuang, China, from 2013 to 2016. An over-dispersed Poisson generalized addictive model adjusting for weather conditions, day of the week, and long-term and seasonal trends was used. In addition, we evaluated the effect of modification by season, sex, and age. A total of 650,550 hospitalization records were retrieved during the study period. A 10 mu g/m(3) increase of PM2.5(lag06), PM10(lag06), NO2(lag03),O-3(lag6), and CO (lag04) corresponded to 0.56% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28-0.83%), 0.31% (95% CI: 0.12-0.50%), 1.18% (95% CI: 0.49-1.87%), 0.40% (95% CI: 0.09-0.71%), and 0.03% (95% CI: 0.01-0.05%) increments in hospitalization of patients for hypertension, respectively. We observed statistically significant associations with PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O-3, and CO, while positive but insignificant associations with SO2. The effects of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O-3, and CO were robust when adjusted for co-pollutants. We found stronger associations in the cool season than in the warm season. Moreover, there were non-significant differences in the associations between air pollution and sex or age group. This study suggests that patients with hypertension had an increased risk of hospital admission when exposed to air pollution.