The utilization of micronano composite scaffolds has been extensively demonstrated to confer the superior advantages in bone repair compared to single nano- or micron-sized scaffolds. Nevertheless, the enhancement of bioactivities within these composite scaffolds remains challenging. In this study, we propose a novel approach to combine melt electrowriting (MEW) and solution electrospinning (SES) techniques for the fabrication of a composite scaffold incorporating hydroxyapatite (HAP), an osteogenic component, and roxithromycin (ROX), an antibacterial active component. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the hierarchical architecture of the nanofiber-microgrid within the scaffold, as well as the successful loading of HAP and ROX. The incorporation of HAP enhanced the water absorption capacity of the composite scaffold, thus promoting cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, ROX resulted in effective antibacterial capability without any observable cytotoxicity. Finally, the scaffolds were applied to a rat calvarial defect model, and the results demonstrated that the 20% HAP group exhibited superior new bone formation without causing adverse reactions. Therefore, our findings present a promising strategy for designing and fabricating bioactive scaffolds for bone regeneration.

With the rapid advancement of wearable electronics, there is an increasing demand for high-performance flexible strain sensors. In this work, a flexible strain sensor based on liquid metal (LM)-integrated into a microfluidic device is developed with Peano-type fractal structure design. Compared with the microfluidic sensors with straight and wavy microchannels, the sensor with Peano-shaped channels shows lower hysteresis and improved stretchability. Furthermore, the increase of the fractal order can further improve the sensing performances. The third-order Peano sensor exhibits excellent mechanical and electrical properties, including high tensile capability (490.3%), minimal hysteresis (DH = 0.86%), ultra-low detection limit (0.1%), low overshoot, rapid response time (117 ms), as well as good stability and durability. By adding two independent and perpendicular straight channels to the Peano sensing unit, the feasibility of multi-directional strain recognition is demonstrated. To further improve the sensitivity of the Peano-shaped sensor, a multi-layer Peano sensor is developed, exhibiting remarkably enhanced sensitivity while maintaining low hysteresis. Overall, the developed LM-based microfluidic strain sensors enrolling Peano fractal geometry hold high potential for various wearable electronics applications.

In order to improve the production quality and qualification rate of chips, X-ray nondestructive imaging technology has been widely used in the detection of chip defects, which represents an important part of the quality inspection of products after packaging. However, the current traditional defect detection algorithm cannot meet the demands of high accuracy, fast speed, and real-time chip defect detection in industrial production. Therefore, this paper proposes a new multi-scale feature fusion module (ATSPPF) based on convolutional neural networks, which can more fully extract semantic information at different scales. In addition, based on this module, we design a deep learning model (ATNet) for detecting lead defects in chips. The experimental results show that at 8.2 giga floating point operations (GFLOPs) and 146 frames per second (FPS), mAP(0.5) and mAP(0.5-0.95) can achieve an average accuracy of 99.4% and 69.3%, respectively, while the detection speed is faster than the baseline yolov5s by nearly 50%.

纤维直径对纤维的物理性能有着显著影响.在纤维生产过程中,不同工艺参数的组合会直接影响纤维的直径.为探索生产工艺参数与纤维直径之间的潜在影响关系,提出了基于响应面法(RSM)的聚乳酸芯壳纱纤维直径预测模型.通过开发双喷嘴静电纺纱实验装置,实现聚乳酸芯壳纱纤维的生产.利用响应面法对纺丝电压、转杯转速、总体积流量和正负体积流量比展开实验探索,评价各工艺参数对纤维直径的影响.根据实际的工艺参数数值进行计算并校验,获得工艺参数与聚乳酸芯壳纱纤维直径的回归方程和耦合关系.实验结果表明:当纺丝电压为11.42 kV,转杯转速为186.3 r/min,总体积流量为1.04 mL/h,正负体积流量比为127∶100时,聚乳酸芯壳纱纤维直径达到最小值,为0.895 μm,与模型预测结果相符,未来可用于指导纤维纱线的生产.

At present, the situation of air pollution is still serious, and research on air filtration is still crucial. For the nanofiber air filtration membrane, the diameter, porosity, tensile strength, and hydrophilicity of the nanofiber will affect the filtration performance and stability. In this paper, based on the far-field electrospinning process and the performance effect mechanism of the stacked structure fiber membrane, nanofiber membrane was prepared by selecting the environmental protection, degradable and pollution-free natural polysaccharide biopolymer pullulan, and polyvinylidene fluoride polymer with strong hydrophobicity and high impact strength. By combining two kinds of fiber membranes with different fiber diameter and porosity, a three-layer composite nanofiber membrane with better hydrophobicity, higher tensile strength, smaller fiber diameter, and better filtration performance was prepared. Performance characterization showed that this three-layer composite nanofiber membrane had excellent air permeability and filtration efficiency, and the filtration efficiency of particles above PM 2.5 reached 99.9%. This study also provides important reference values for the preparation of high-efficiency composite nanofiber filtration membrane.