As of 2022, the National System of Seismic Observations of Ukraine had a network of observation points run by the S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences and the Main Center for Special Control of the State Space Agency of Ukraine. These institutions established a unified National Data Center, where the data is collected, processed, and analyzed. Information is provided both in real time and later, after an in-depth analysis, in the form of seismological bulletins and earthquake catalogs. According to the observations, 160 earthquakes occurred on the territory of Ukraine and neighboring countries in 2022. Most were confined to the deep focus Vrancea zone (Romania). The maximum recorded earthquake magnitude is 5.4. Earthquakes from the territory of other neighboring states had a local character and did not significantly impact the seismicity of Ukraine’s territory. The most powerful earthquakes within the territory of Ukraine were registered in the Poltava region on July 6, 2022, and October 3, 2022. These earthquakes had a magnitude of 3.4 and a hypocenter depth of 10 km and caused shaking in the epicentral region with an intensity of up to 2 points. In addition, on January 21, 2022, there was an earthquake in the Kryvyi Rih region. This earthquake had a magnitude of 3.3, but due to the smaller depth of the hypocenter (h=5 km), it caused perceptible tremors in the area of the epicenter with an intensity of up to 3 points. On the territory of Ukraine, most of the epicenters of registered earthquakes are located within Volyn-Podillia, the Dnieper-Donets Depression, and the Transcarpathian Depression. The seismological bulletin of Ukraine includes detailed information on all seismic events that occurred in 2022 in the territories of Ukraine and neighboring countries. Full information on each earthquake from the Earthquake Catalog for 2022 is provided in full in the pdf file of the article of the same name on the website of the Geophysical Journal.

Summary The seismic hazard department and department of seismic activity of Carpathian area of the Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, with the support and collaboration of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Michigan State University (MSU), and the EarthScope Consortium (EarthScope) plan to expand the national seismic network through the installation of permanent broadband seismic stations in the territory of Ukraine. This is due to the fact that western, south-western and southern parts of Ukraine are located within the massive seismically active belt of the planet formed as a result of collision of Eurasian and African continental plates, spanning from the Azores via the Mediterranean, the Black Sea, and Caucasus and farther to Hindu Kush. This belt also includes the Carpathian Arc with major subcrustal earthquakes in Vrancea zone and the Crimean-Black Sea segment.

In 2021, the tectonophysical measurements of cracking, structural-textural elements of rocks near Malyn, Radomyshl, Pohrebyshche, Buky, Kashperivka and magnetometric field studies of Zvizdal-Zalisk dyke were carried out. And also the deep seismic sounding data along II and VI geotravers were analyzed in order to purpose to finding out of the internal structure and kinematics of Zvizdal-Zalisk and Brusyliv fault zones of the Ukrainian Shield. According to our tectonophysical data, the studied rocks were formed under landslide deformation processes with alternating sublatitudinal and submeridional compression regimes, which correspond to the youngest Subbottsi-Moshoryn stage of faulting formation within the Ukrainian Shield (1.80—1.77 Ga), with subhorizontal axes of compression σ1 — 315° and tensile σ3 — 45°. Cracks and bands of gneisses of moderate dip are also widely developed in the study area. Established, that it has deformation throw regime with σ1 — 100/85°, σ3 — 280/05°, σ2 — 10/02°. Authors of article associate this deformation with formation of the main breeds Zvizdal-Zalisk dikes. Deformations of the Nemyriv faulting stage (1.99 Ga) were fixed at the intersection node of the Zvizdal-Zalisk faulting zone with Nemyriv fault zone (1.99 Ga). Stress field is σ1 — 301°, σ3 — 31° at the intersection node the Brusyliv fault zone with Nemyriv fault zone and it repeat main deformation strains of the Novograd-Volyn and Uman massifs (~2.05 Ga). By the data of the deep seismic sounding along II and VI Geotraverses, the Zvizdal-Zalisk fault zone enters the mantle all along, in the north and in the south. The crust structure in the study area has two layers of upper crust (VР=5,9–6,4 km/s),with intermittent low- (5,8—6,2 km/s) and high-velocity (6,3—6,9 km/s) horizons, the middle crust (6,4—6,9 km/s), and lower crust (6,9—7,0 km/s) that has a wavy dome-like shape with high differentiated velocity picture differing on both sides of the Central faulting area. The Bug megablock has a dome-like structure along all VI Geotraverse and is divided in half by the Zvizdal-Zalisk fault zone at the Moho discontinuity according to the data of the tomographic inversion along the velocity change gradient. By the magnetometric data, the Zvizdal-Zalisk fault zone lies almost fully within the regional minimum of the magnetic field (∆В)а,reg, which encompasses areas of the crust with minimum values of magnetization. The dyke was formed at the same time of the Korosten pluton formation and at activation of the Zvizdal-Zalisk fault zone. Its small depth confirms its crust origin; the variable sharp incline of the dyke’s parts is evidence of its subvertical falling which corresponds to the vertical position of the Zvizdal-Zalisk fault zone. The data on the chemical-mineralogical composition and position of mineral deposits suggest that the main regional structures which have influenced the metallogenic specialization of the region are the Zvizdal-Zaliska, Brusyliv, Nemyriv, Khmelniksk, Central, and Sarnensko-Varvarivka fault zones.

The National System of seismic observations of Ukraine has accumulated a network of observation seismicpoints the joint management of the S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Main Special Monitoring Center of the State Space Agency of Ukraine. The two institutions together established a joint National database in which the observations are collected, processed and analyzed. Alongside live updates, the data are systematized as seismological bulletins an earthquake catalogs. According to the data, in Ukraine and the nearby countries there happened in 2021 over one hundred fifty earthquakes. Most of them occurred in the deep-focus Vrancea region (Romania). The maximum recorded magnitude was 4.6; the earthquakes in the nearby countries were local in scope and had no significant effect on the seismicity in Ukraine. The largest earthquake in Ukraine (t0=03:18:04; φ=48.87 °N; λ=25.68 °E; h=6 km; mb=4.3) occurred on September 23 in the Ternopil region. In Ukraine, most epicenters of the recorded earthquakes lie in the Volyn-Podillya area and the Forecarpathian fold at the edge of the Folded Carpathians. In the Crimean-Black Sea region, there was weak seismicity with earthquake epicenters concentrated in the sea. The Seismological bulletin of Ukraine contains detailed information on all seismic events which happened in Ukraine, Romania, Poland, Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary, and Belarus.

Summary The results of tectonophysical, magnetic surveys and analyse of the deep seismic structure of XXV DSS profile within the Zvenyhorod-Brats`k fault zone are given. Tectonophysical measurements were carried out along the Velyka Vys`, Kil`ten, Dry Tashlyk, Mertvovid Rivers within Zvenygorod-Brats`k fault zone of the Ukrainian shield. The depth structure of the Ingul block turned out to be significantly different in its northern and southern parts. The Zvenyhorod-Brats`k fault zone outlines the Ingul megablock from the west and consists of rectilinear shear zones where the L and R shears are located. Secondary structures of other tectonic stages take part in the structure of this fault zone. The main tectonic activation stage is the Pervomai. The Proterozoic cycle of activation (∼ 2. 1–1. 70 Ga) contributed to the formation of deposits. The inner deep seismic structure of research region is characterized by a range of velocities of 5. 85–6. 05 km/s for the upper crust and 6. 9–7. 2 km/s for the middle crust. A lens of the lower crust with velocities of 7. 9–8. 0 km/s is observed. The Moho is located at a depth of 35–43 km. Magnetic model showed significant difference in the junction zone of the Korsun`-Novomyrhorod pluton and the Novoukrainian massif. The magnetization value is in the range of 0. 05–0. 6 A/m for Holovaniv suture zone - 0. 2–5. 0 A/m.

The field tectonophysical works were carried out in the upper reaches of the Ubort River basin along the Zolnia-Maidan-Kopischany fault. The research aim was determination of the inner structure and kinematics of the Sushchany-Perga fault zone of the western pfrt of the Ukrainian Shield. For investigation of fracturing and structural-textural elements of rocks the structural-paragenetic method of tectonophysics was used. It was determined that formation of the Sushchany-Perga fault zone continued during at least five phases of deformation. They were accompanied by the formation of differently oriented shear zones: Khmelivka, Sushchany, Perga, Rudnia-Khochin, Lopatychi. The Khmelivka and Sushchany shear zones are similar to striking of the Nemyriv and Khmelnik fault zones of the Ukrainian shield, which belong to the Nemyriv stage of faulting (~1.99 Ga). The Rudnia-Khochin and Perga phases are related to the fact that the Sushchany-Perga fault zone was quite active during the junction of the Fennoscandia and Sarmatia microplates. We have established that the development of thrust fault and normal down throw fault type shears, which took place in an area of compression and extension, respectively, is associated with the formation period of the Perga granitoids complex (1.80—1.70 Ga).This alternation of the compression and extension conditions has led to formation of the ore occurrences and deposits within the Perga tectonic joint. This investigation found that the Sushchany-Perga fault zone arose in the Late Paleoproterozoic at the Nemirov stage of fracture formation, simultaneously with Goryn, Lutsk, Teteriv and Nemyriv fault zones as a result of the junction of two ancient microplates — Fennoscandia and Sarmatia.

In the article according to the geological and geophysical data of the well-exposed areas of development of Archean rocks of the Ukrainian Shield, two alternative approaches to establishing the structure and stratigraphy of the oldest granulite complexes are discuss. The outcrops of the enderbite-gneiss complex up to 3.6—3.8 billion years old are located along the Southern Bug River between the Gaivoron town and the Zavallia village. The first, «stratigenic-metamorphogenic» approach assumes that the main features of the composition and structure of the Lower Archean complexes are inherited from the original stratotypic strata. These strata are transformed in the conditions of quasi-isochemical metamorphism with preservation of the sequence of formation in section and the primary constitution in the form of stratification, rhythmicity, direction of change of their composition vertically and laterally. On the structural-formation map and geological section of the Gaivoron—Zavallia section, the Archean granulite complex is shown in the form of a synclinorium composed of four adjacent formations, which are equated to the world of metamorphosed volcanic-sedimentary rocks. The second, «deformation-metamorphogenic» approach, which is supported by the authors of this article, is based on the idea that the granulite complex of Pobuzhzhіa is a subvertically layered medium formed by tangential tectonic forces. The latter lead to shear deformations and displacement of matter at the atomic-molecular (with mineral transformation of rocks) and rock masses at the regional level. This creates structural and textural elements that are superimposed on the primary structure of rocks and often erase it. Field structural-tectonophysical, tectonofacial and magnetometric studies, its results are presented in the article. It was performed specifically to compare these two concepts. Magnetometric studies have shown that the enderbite-gneiss complex of the district by its magnetic characteristics belongs to the middle and lower crust of the Ukrainian Shield.

The Institute of Geophysics of the NASU organizes and carries out continuous regional and local seismic observations on the territory of Ukraine. The article presents a universal modern model of seismic activity monitoring process, which is used in most international seismological agencies (USGS, EMSC, NEIC) and describes a typical stationary point of seismological observations of the National Seismological Network of the Institute of Geophysics of NAS of Ukraine. Seismological network of observations is a complex of systems consisting of stationary seismological points of registration of seismic waves, the distributed system of transfer and collecting of the seismological information, and also the center of operative processing of the data arriving from data registration points. The process of conducting regime seismological observations of local and remote seismic events on the territory of Ukraine and adjacent regions is described. Some important aspects of the need for comprehensive processing of registered events to identify local earthquakes and assess the current activity of tectonic structures in Ukraine are presented. The seismological network of the National Seismological Center of the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is represented by a small number of stationary observation points: «Kiev-IRIS», «MI02-Poltava», «MI03-Skvyra», «MI04-Dnipro», «MI05-Stepanivka», «MI07-Mykolaiv», «ODS-Odesa», «MIU-Kryvyi Rih», and «MI06-Kremenchug». This number of seismological observation points does not actually provide seismic observation data to the central, eastern and southern parts of the territory of Ukraine and does not allow to reliably determine the level and quantitative characteristics of its seismic hazard. The seismic recorder Guralp CMG-40T manufactured by the British company GURALP SYSTEMS LIMITED is offered as optimal for the conditions and financial realities of Ukraine when organizing a stationary seismic observation point. It is proposed to use the seismological processing package SeisComP, which works on the SeedLink protocol, which is the basis of the data collection system by the Internet. This software product is the de facto world standard in the field of seismological data processing.

Summary The research aim was determination of the inner structure and kinematics of the Sushchany-Perga fault zone of the western part of the Ukrainian Shield. For investigation of fracturing and structural-textural elements of rocks the structural-paragenetic method of tectonophysics was used. It was determined that formation of the Sushchany-Perga fault zone continued during at least five phases of deformation. They were accompanied by the formation of differently oriented shear zones: Khmelivka, Sushchany, Perga, Rudnia-Khochin, Lopatychi. The Khmelivka and Sushchany shear zones are similar to striking of the Nemyriv and Khmelnik fault zones of the Ukrainian shield, which belong to the Nemyriv stage of faulting (∼ 1.99 Ga). The Rudnia-Khochin and Perga phases are related to the fact that the Sushchany-Perga fault zone was quite active during the junction of the Fennoscandia and Sarmatia microplates. We have established that the development of thrust fault and normal downthrow fault type shears, which took place in an environment of compression and extension, respectively, is associated with the formation period of the Perzhan granitoids complex (1.801.70 Ga). This alternation of the compression and extension conditions entailed resulted in the ore occurrences and deposits formation within the Perga tectonic joint.

Summary The seismic monitoring of the territory of Ukraine is an important task to protect strategic buildings and housing from the earthquake effects. It is shown that the continuous flow of data from the seismic station IRIS KIEV and further processing of seismic records using SeisComP makes it possible to constantly update the computer database of global earthquakes and seismic events that occurred in the near zone and directly in Ukraine. The digital seismic station IRIS KIEV was installed in accordance with the agreement between the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory of the US Geological Survey and the Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine on the territory of Ukraine in 1994. This station, with coordinates 29.22 east longitude, 50.70 north latitude, is part of the IRIS Global Seismic Network and is operated jointly by both sides. It is a base station for observations on the platform part of the territory of Ukraine. The use of existing open source software provides undeniable advantages in solving seismic monitoring problems in the Ukraine.

Structural and petrophysical map of a scale 1:100 000 of the Bug mining area (BMA), one of the most promising areas of ore minerals in the eastern part of the Ukrainian shield has been built. The area is located in the Middle Bug (sheets of topographic map M-35-XXXVI-eastern half and M-36-XXXI). Materials of geological survey of a scale 1:50 000, deep geological mapping of a scale 1:200 000, exploration, as well as: geophysical surveys of a scale 1:10 000-1:50 000, seismic and geoelectric deep sounding; special tectonic works on outcrops; published results of determining the isotopic age of Precambrian rocks have been put into the basis of the constructions. Authors tried to enclose only indisputable data such as material composition, structural and textural features, petrophysical characteristics of rocks, the contours and dimensions of bodies by geophysical data and drilling, tectonophysical parameters of discontinuous structures directly in the map content. Unclear and discussion debatable points on the map are not shown and discussed in the text. These problems include the tectonic position of BMA (the Bug Mining Area), which, according to the authors, belonged to the Bug megablock in the Archean and in the Proterozoic it was divided by the fault Talnov zone and as a result of the process of shifting-pulling apart its eastern part joined the Ingul megablock. The deep crust-mantle nature established in the territory of BMA of the large Golovanevsk and Bandurivka gravitation anomalies have been shown. The authors rejected the division of Early Precambrian rocks of granulite facies into suites as because the principle of a sequence of strata and correlation of sections in the area is not observed. The problem of the scope of the Dniester and Bug series from which rocks of Proterozoic kinzigite formations were excluded is being discussed here. Particular attention has been paid to the mechanisms of formation of subvertical layered banded structure of thickness of Early Precambrian granulite complexes of the area. It is shown that this structurally textured rock fabric formed in the early Proterozoic as a result of horizontal forces and horizontal movements of the substance and the folding has mainly near-fault shift character with subvertical hinges of folds, which is clearly seen in the horizontal sections and by the results of drilling.

Summary The reinterpretation of the “old” seismic data along the line of the 900 km long geotraverse profile is represented by a seismic tomographic model. The bitmap images of the original seismic data were converted into vector diagrams by the DIGITIZER computer program. This made it possible to represent the hodographs as numerical data sets and to construct the seismic tomographic model along the geotraverse line. The velocity model is obtained by the tomographic inversion method of first arrivals of seismic waves. The deep tectonic structures are clearly outlined on the tomographic model. In particular, the Ukrainian Shield is characterized by Volyn, Podolsk, and Bug Megablocks with uplifts of variable sizes in the upper and middle crust. The Golovanivska suture zone is distinguished as uplift from the northwest to the southeast and the Kryvorizka suture zone is highlighted in the opposite direction.

Summary We represent the results of recent ray-tracing modeling for three deep seismic sounding profiles 14, 15 and 16 acquired in the Eastern Black Sea in 1960-th. They were conducted on a system of radial profiles diverging from one common shot point in the East Black Sea Basin and crossing the Shatsky Ridge. The performed modeling showed that thin (∼ 10 km) crystalline EBSB crust, with velocities increasing from 6.5 km/s in the basement to 7.0 km/s on the Moho (20–22 km), is overlain by ∼10 km-thick sediments. The continental crust of the Shatsky Ridge of ∼ 30 km thickness comprises two layers – the upper crust (6.0–6.5 km/s) of 15-km thickness and the 10-km thick lower crust (6.5–7.0 km/s). The transition from the EBSB suboceanic crust to the Shatsky Ridge continental crust occurs dramatically, on ∼25-km interval. This transition zone runs parallel to the coastline, and is associated with Alushta-Batumi magnetic anomaly of the same (NW) strike. These could be indicative of the tectonic origin of the transition zone during the main stages of evolution of the region - at the Mesozoic closure of Tethys Ocean, during the opening of the East Black Sea Basin in Cretaceous, and during the Alpine collision tectonics.

Summary New geophysical, geochemical and petrological data of the linear geological structure of fault-dyke nature have been considered in the crystalline basement of the western part of the Pobuzhsky Mining District of the Ukrainian Shield. This structure is expressed in a magnetic field as linear anomaly with intensity greater than 1000 nTl up to 1.5 km in width, with scale 1:50 000. Stretching of the structure (north-south 69 °) is perpendicular to the general latitudinal and northwestern direction of the geological formations of the study region. The northwestern flank of this band of the maximum magnetic anomaly for more than 40 km is accompanied by an expressed linear minimum, which corresponds to the axial part of the Mankivska fault zone. This tectonic lineament has until recently had no analogues agree geophysical features, tectonophysical measurement, extent and direction in the western part of the Ukrainian Shield.

Summary The paper proposes reinterpretation of digitized seismic hodographs of geotraverse VI (on the distance 440–520), and further calculation of the velocity model using tomographic inversion in order to clarify the deep structure of the Pobuzkyi mining-ore district (PMOD) of the Ukrainian shield (USh), which is characterized by various mineral complexes of crystalline Precambrian rocks.

The GEORIFT 2013 (GR'13) WARR (wide-angle reflection and refraction) experiment was carried out in 2013 in the territory of Belarus and Ukraine with broad international co-operation. The aim of the work is to study basin architecture and deep structure of the Pripyat-Dnieper-Donets Basin (PDDB), which is the deepest and best studied Palaeozoic rift basin in Europe. The PDDB is located in the southern part of the East European Craton (EEC) and crosses Sarmatia-one of the three segments of the EEC. The PDDB was formed by Late Devonian rifting associated with domal basement uplift and magmatism. The GR'13 extends in NW SE direction along the PDDB strike and crosses the Pripyat Trough (PT) and Dnieper Graben (DG) separated by the Bragin Uplift (BU) of the basement. The field acquisition along the GR'13 (of 670 km total length) involved 14 shots and recorders deployed every similar to 2.2 km for several shot points. The good quality of the data, with first arrivals visible up to 670 km for several shot points, allowed for construction of a velocity model extending to 80 km depth using ray-tracing modelling. The thickness of the sediments (Vp < 6.0 km s(-1)) varies from 1-4 km in the PT, to 5 km in the NW part of the DG, to 10-13 km in the SE part of the profile. Below the DG, at similar to 330-530 km distance, we observed an upwarping of the lower crust (with Vp of similar to 7.1 km s(-1)) to 25 km depth that represents a rift pillow or mantle underplate. The Moho shallows southeastwards from similar to 47 km in the PT to 40-38 km in the DG with mantle velocities of 8.35 and similar to 8.25 km s(-1) in the PT and DG, respectively. A near-horizontal mantle discontinuity was found beneath BU (a transition zone from the PT to the DG) at the depth of 50-47 km. It dips to the depth of similar to 60 km at distances of 360-405 km, similar to the intersecting EUROBRIDGE'97 profile. The crust and upper mantle structure on the GR'13 may reflect varying intensity of rifting in the PDDB from a passive stage in the PT to active rifting in the DG. The absence of Moho uplift and relatively thick crystalline crust under the PT is explained by its tectonic position as a closing unit of the PDDB, with a gradual attenuation of rifting from the southeast to the northwest. The most active stage of rifting is evidenced in the DG by a shallower Moho and by a presence of a rift pillow caused by mafic and ultramafic intrusions during the active phase. The junction of the PT and the DG (the BU) locates just at its intersection with the NS regional tectonic zone Odessa-Gomel. Most likely, the 'blocking' effect of this zone did not allow for further propagation of active rifting to the NW.

Summary The results of tectonophysical study of the upper part of the Earth’s crust on the river Yuzhny Bug between localitys Gaivoron and Zavallya within the Bug block of the Ukrainian Shield are presented. The purpose of the work was to study the deformation of rocks and restore paleostresses for the subsequent construction of the geodynamic model of the earth’s crust of the Pobuzhsky ore mining district. as well as the development of methods for the complex interpretation of the rock magnetic structure with respect to the ellipsoid parameters of the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility and deformations of various scale levels (macro- and microdeformations). Field tectonophysical studies were performed using the structural-paragenetic method for various depth levels [ Gintov, 2005 ]. The obtained data made it possible to clarify the tectonic history and deformation mechanisms of the study area Earth’s crust.

The Scythian Platform (ScP) with a heterogeneous basement of Baikalian-Variscan-Cimmerian age is located between the East European Craton (EEC) on the north and the Crimean-Caucasus orogenic belt and the Black Sea (BS) Basin on the south. In order to get new constrains on the basin architecture and crustal structure of the ScP and a better understanding of the tectonic processes and evolution of the southern margin of the EEC during Mesozoic and Cenozoic time, a 630-km-long seismic wide-angle refraction and reflection (WARR) profile DOBRE-5 was acquired in 2011 October. It crosses in a W-E direction the Fore-Dobrudja Trough, the Odessa Shelf of the BS and the Crimean Plain. The field acquisition included eight chemical shot points located every 50 km and recorded by 215 stations placed every similar to 2.0 km on the land. In addition, the offshore data from existing profile 26, placed in the Odessa Shelf, were used. The obtained seismic model shows clear lateral segmentation of the crust within the study region on four domains: the Fore-Dobrudja Domain (km 20-160), an offshore domain of the Karkinit Trough at the Odessa Shelf of the BS (km 160-360), an onshore domain of the Central Crimean Uplift (Crimean Plain, km 360-520) and the Indolo-Kuban Trough at the Kerch Peninsula (km 520-620) that is the easternmost part of the Crimea. Two contrasting domains of the ScP within the central part of the DOBRE-5 profile, the Karkinit Trough and the Central Crimean Uplift, may represent different stages of the ScP formation. A deep Karkinit Trough with an underlying high-velocity (>7.16 km s(-1)) lower crust body suggests its rifting-related origin during Early Cretaceous time. The Central Crimean Uplift represents a thick (up to 47 km) crustal domain consisting of three layers with velocities 5.8-6.4, 6.5-6.6 and 6.7-7.0 km s(-1), which could be evidence of this part of the ScP originating on the crust of Precambrian craton (EEC). The thick heterogeneous basement of the Central Crimean Uplift shows inclusions of granitic bodies associated with magmatic activity related with Variscan orogeny within the ScP. General bending and crustal scale buckling of the Central Crimean Uplift with a wavelength of 230 km could be an effect of the Alpine compressional tectonics in the adjacent Crimean Mountains. The extended/rifted continental margin of the ScP (EEC) at the Odessa Shelf and buckling/uplifted domain of the Central Crimean Uplift affected by compressional tectonics, are separated by the N-S oriented Western Crimean Fault. The crust of the southern margin of the EEC is separated from the ScP, which originated on the EEC crust tectonised and reworked during the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic, by the crustal fault of similar to W-E orientation, which corresponds with the Golitsyn Fault observed at the surface between the EEC and the ScP. The Fore-Dobrudja Domain with a thick (>10 km) heterogeneous basement and two subhorizontal layers in the crystalline crust (with velocities 6.2-6.3 and 6.4-6.65 km s(-1)) differs from the ScP crust and its origin could be very similar to that of the Trans-European Suture Zone and Palaeozoic West European Platform.